UTBK/SNBT Bahasa Inggris: Pertanyaan, Jawaban, Latihan Soal & Pembahasan

            

Climates change is changing our economy, health, and communities in diverse ways. Scientist warn that if we do not aggressively curb climate change now, the result will likely be disastrous.

                Carbon dioxide and other global warming pollutants are collecting in the atmosphere like a thickening blanket, trapping the sun’s heat and causing the planet to warm up.

                Although local temperatures fluctuate naturally, over the past 50 years the average global temperatures has increased at the fastest rate in recorded history. Scientist say that unless we curb the emissions that cause climate change, average U.S. temperatures could be 3 to 9 degrees higher by the end of the century.

                Climate change is a complex phenomenon, and its full-scale impacts are to predict far in advance. But each year scientists learn more about how climate change is affecting the planet and our communities, and most agree that certain consequences are likely to occur if current trends continue.

                In addition to impacting our water resources, energy supply, transportation, agriculture, and ecosystems, the United States Global Change Research Program concludes that climate change also poses unique challenges to human health, for example, significant increases in the risk of illness and death related to extreme heat and heat waves are very likely. Some diseases transmitted by food, water, and insects are likely to increase. Certain group, including children, the elderly, and the poor, are most vulnerable to a range of climate-related health effects. These impacts will result in significant costs to our families and the economy.

                Here is the good news: technologies exist today to make cars that run cleaner and burn less gas, modernize power plants and generate electricity from nonpolluting sources, and cut our electricity use through energy efficiency. The challenge is to be sure these solutions are put to use.

                Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) is tackling global warming on two main fronts – cutting pollution and expanding clean energy. Transitioning to clean energy economy will bring new jobs and reduce air pollution. We cannot afford to wait.

(Diadaptasi dari http://group.axa.con/en/newsroom/news/global-warming)

The sentence  'Climate change is  a complex phenomenon, and its full-scale impact are hard to predict far  in advanced.' in line 8, is closest in meaning to ....

Last populations of microbes live between four and six miles above the Earth sutfaec.in an atmospheric y might be living at those altituides and feasting one considered at best a pretty unpleasant location for life on carbon compound that help warm the plant, or perhaps they were launched up there by hair currents according to a new study. Researchers found 17 different bacteria taxi. Oa averaged, 20 percent.of the small particles ia the upper atmosphere are living bacteria cells. Bacteria greatly outnumber fungi in the atmosphere. The bus in the hair seem to mirror the type of bus on the surface. When the aircraft flew over the ocean, the filter caught marine bacteria, and when they were over land, they found terrestrial microbes. The bacteria lively reach such great heights through the same processed that send sea salt and dust into the hair. Some of the bacteria use carbon cempounds in the atmosphere, suggesting they might be able to survive features may have there long-term. What is especially interesting about this is the potential impact microscopic cr on our weather. Clouds are collection of liquid or frozen droplets that condensed around a nucleus, usually a piece of dust or a grain of salt. But nuclei could be made from bacteria, too. Some types of bacteria promoted the formation of ice droplets or of freezing

The sentence The bacteria lively reach such great (C) emphasize the condition that bacteria and heights.through the same processed that send sea salt and dust into the hair (paragraph 2, lives 4-5) ( is most probably meant to....

12. ...

12. ...

Last populations of microbes live between four and six miles above the Earth surface in an atmoxpherice y might be living at those altituides and feasting one considered at best a pretty unpleasant location for life on carbon compound that help warm the plant, or perhaps they were launched .up there by hair currents, according to a new study. Researchers found 17 different bacteria taxi. Oa averaged, 20 percent of the small particles in the upper atmosphere are living bacteria cells. Bacteria greatly outnumber fungi in the atmosphere. The bus in the hair seem to mirror the type of bus on the surface. When the aircraft flew over the ocean, the filter caught marine bacteria, and when they were over land, they found terrestrial microbes. The bacteria lively reach such great heights through the same processed that send sea salt and dust into the hair. Some of the bacteria use carbon cempounds in the atmosphere, suggesting they might be able to survive there long-term. What is especially interesting about this is the potential impact microscopic cr on our weather. Clouds are collection of liquid or frozen droplets that condensed around a nucleus, usually a piece of dust or a grain of salt. But nuclei could be made from bacteria, too. Some types of bacteria promoted the formation of ice droplets or of freezing

The following pairs of associated words are relevant with the idea on how bacteria in the hair are liked to the formation of ice droplets described in the passage, except

The process of global warming and the destructive nature of wildfires have created a deadly cycle in which one constantly contributes to the other. Forest fires and global warming have created a dangerous relationship. The link between these two force has become clear in recent years. As the climate becomes warmer, forests will become drier, spawning the perfect environment for fires. In addition, as forest fires continue and gain intensity, the trees release more carbon into the atmosphere which contributes to the greenhouse effect and which therefore causes global warming.

The increase in forest fires can now be seen as a factor which contributes to global warming. Trees, in the carbon cycle, are labeled a "sink" or a store for carbon. The ability of trees to store carbon dioxide has helped reduce the amount of CO2 that is pumped into the atmosphere. But, now that more trees are being burned through increased forest fires, this store carbon is being released and the CO2 becomes part of the greenhouse gases that drive the greenhouse effect. So we believe that extra fires intensity global warming. Furthermore, carbon is released in the decomposition of the trees after the fire. There is no doubt that global warming and forest fires are linked rising temperatures.

Global warming is a process which has been occuring for years and whose effects have been more intensively felt by all of living creatures. Forest fires have also been recorded for years, but as mentioned they are a natural process. Therefore, it would be reasonable to attack global warming first. Much work has been done already to solve this problem. Some plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as Kyoto Protocol has been in place for years, but they have shown little results.

Some experts who care about global warming say that the solutions must start at home. People, who suffer from immediate effect of global warming, must realize that most of their day to day activities contribute to climate charge. But, reducing what is called "carbon footprint" is not difficult. It can be as easy as changing travel methods, instead of driving to school or working everyday, biking or walking. Or it can be as easy as buying an energy efficient appliance or switching the lights off in rooms which are not being used.

Leadership from ordinary people is what it will take to fight against global warming. People must educate each other on these harmful effects and make them known. But, this process will continue to damage forests around the world unless something is done to reduce the effects of global warming.

The pronoun "they" (line 18) refers to ....

The process of global warming and the destructive nature of wildfires have created a deadly cycle in which one constantly contributes to the other. Forest fires and global warming have created a dangerous relationship. The link between these two force has become clear in recent years. As the climate becomes warmer, forests will become drier, spawning the perfect environment for fires. In addition, as forest fires continue and gain intensity, the trees release more carbon into the atmosphere which contributes to the greenhouse effect and which therefore causes global warming.

The increase in forest fires can now be seen as a factor which contributes to global warming. Trees, in the carbon cycle, are labeled a "sink" or a store for carbon. The ability of trees to store carbon dioxide has helped reduce the amount of CO2 that is pumped into the atmosphere. But, now that more trees are being burned through increased forest fires, this store carbon is being released and the CO2 becomes part of the greenhouse gases that drive the greenhouse effect. So we believe that extra fires intensity global warming. Furthermore, carbon is released in the decomposition of the trees after the fire. There is no doubt that global warming and forest fires are linked rising temperatures.

Global warming is a process which has been occuring for years and whose effects have been more intensively felt by all of living creatures. Forest fires have also been recorded for years, but as mentioned they are a natural process. Therefore, it would be reasonable to attack global warming first. Much work has been done already to solve this problem. Some plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as Kyoto Protocol has been in place for years, but they have shown little results.

Some experts who care about global warming say that the solutions must start at home. People, who suffer from immediate effect of global warming, must realize that most of their day to day activities contribute to climate charge. But, reducing what is called "carbon footprint" is not difficult. It can be as easy as changing travel methods, instead of driving to school or working everyday, biking or walking. Or it can be as easy as buying an energy efficient appliance or switching the lights off in rooms which are not being used.

Leadership from ordinary people is what it will take to fight against global warming. People must educate each other on these harmful effects and make them known. But, this process will continue to damage forests around the world unless something is done to reduce the effects of global warming.

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "decomposition" (line 12)?

The process of global warming and the destructive nature of wildfires have created a deadly cycle in which one constantly contributes to the other. Forest fires and global warming have created a dangerous relationship. The link between these two force has become clear in recent years. As the climate becomes warmer, forests will become drier, spawning the perfect environment for fires. In addition, as forest fires continue and gain intensity, the trees release more carbon into the atmosphere which contributes to the greenhouse effect and which therefore causes global warming.

The increase in forest fires can now be seen as a factor which contributes to global warming. Trees, in the carbon cycle, are labeled a "sink" or a store for carbon. The ability of trees to store carbon dioxide has helped reduce the amount of CO2 that is pumped into the atmosphere. But, now that more trees are being burned through increased forest fires, this store carbon is being released and the CO2 becomes part of the greenhouse gases that drive the greenhouse effect. So we believe that extra fires intensity global warming. Furthermore, carbon is released in the decomposition of the trees after the fire. There is no doubt that global warming and forest fires are linked rising temperatures.

Global warming is a process which has been occuring for years and whose effects have been more intensively felt by all of living creatures. Forest fires have also been recorded for years, but as mentioned they are a natural process. Therefore, it would be reasonable to attack global warming first. Much work has been done already to solve this problem. Some plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as Kyoto Protocol has been in place for years, but they have shown little results.

Some experts who care about global warming say that the solutions must start at home. People, who suffer from immediate effect of global warming, must realize that most of their day to day activities contribute to climate charge. But, reducing what is called "carbon footprint" is not difficult. It can be as easy as changing travel methods, instead of driving to school or working everyday, biking or walking. Or it can be as easy as buying an energy efficient appliance or switching the lights off in rooms which are not being used.

Leadership from ordinary people is what it will take to fight against global warming. People must educate each other on these harmful effects and make them known. But, this process will continue to damage forests around the world unless something is done to reduce the effects of global warming.

The text mentions all of the following, EXCEPT ....

               

Climates change is changing our economy, health, and communities in diverse ways. Scientist warn that if we do not aggressively curb climate change now, the result will likely be disastrous.

                Carbon dioxide and other global warming pollutants are collecting in the atmosphere like a thickening blanket, trapping the sun’s heat and causing the planet to warm up.

                Although local temperatures fluctuate naturally, over the past 50 years the average global temperatures has increased at the fastest rate in recorded history. Scientist say that unless we curb the emissions that cause climate change, average U.S. temperatures could be 3 to 9 degrees higher by the end of the century.

                Climate change is a complex phenomenon, and its full-scale impacts are to predict far in advance. But each year scientists learn more about how climate change is affecting the planet and our communities, and most agree that certain consequences are likely to occur if current trends continue.

                In addition to impacting our water resources, energy supply, transportation, agriculture, and ecosystems, the United States Global Change Research Program concludes that climate change also poses unique challenges to human health, for example, significant increases in the risk of illness and death related to extreme heat and heat waves are very likely. Some diseases transmitted by food, water, and insects are likely to increase. Certain group, including children, the elderly, and the poor, are most vulnerable to a range of climate-related health effects. These impacts will result in significant costs to our families and the economy.

                Here is the good news: technologies exist today to make cars that run cleaner and burn less gas, modernize power plants and generate electricity from nonpolluting sources, and cut our electricity use through energy efficiency. The challenge is to be sure these solutions are put to use.

                Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) is tackling global warming on two main fronts – cutting pollution and expanding clean energy. Transitioning to clean energy economy will bring new jobs and reduce air pollution. We cannot afford to wait.

(Diadaptasi dari http://group.axa.con/en/newsroom/news/global-warming)

Which of the following obviously shows the author's bias? 

The process of global warming and the destructive nature of wildfires have created a deadly cycle in which one constantly contributes to the other. Forest fires and global warming have created a dangerous relationship. The link between these two force has become clear in recent years. As the climate becomes warmer, forests will become drier, spawning the perfect environment for fires. In addition, as forest fires continue and gain intensity, the trees release more carbon into the atmosphere which contributes to the greenhouse effect and which therefore causes global warming.

The increase in forest fires can now be seen as a factor which contributes to global warming. Trees, in the carbon cycle, are labeled a "sink" or a store for carbon. The ability of trees to store carbon dioxide has helped reduce the amount of CO2 that is pumped into the atmosphere. But, now that more trees are being burned through increased forest fires, this store carbon is being released and the CO2 becomes part of the greenhouse gases that drive the greenhouse effect. So we believe that extra fires intensity global warming. Furthermore, carbon is released in the decomposition of the trees after the fire. There is no doubt that global warming and forest fires are linked rising temperatures.

Global warming is a process which has been occuring for years and whose effects have been more intensively felt by all of living creatures. Forest fires have also been recorded for years, but as mentioned they are a natural process. Therefore, it would be reasonable to attack global warming first. Much work has been done already to solve this problem. Some plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as Kyoto Protocol has been in place for years, but they have shown little results.

Some experts who care about global warming say that the solutions must start at home. People, who suffer from immediate effect of global warming, must realize that most of their day to day activities contribute to climate charge. But, reducing what is called "carbon footprint" is not difficult. It can be as easy as changing travel methods, instead of driving to school or working everyday, biking or walking. Or it can be as easy as buying an energy efficient appliance or switching the lights off in rooms which are not being used.

Leadership from ordinary people is what it will take to fight against global warming. People must educate each other on these harmful effects and make them known. But, this process will continue to damage forests around the world unless something is done to reduce the effects of global warming.

The text mentions all of the following, EXCEPT ....