UTBK/SNBT Bahasa Inggris: Pertanyaan, Jawaban, Latihan Soal & Pembahasan

             

Climates change is changing our economy, health, and communities in diverse ways. Scientist warn that if we do not aggressively curb climate change now, the result will likely be disastrous.

                Carbon dioxide and other global warming pollutants are collecting in the atmosphere like a thickening blanket, trapping the sun’s heat and causing the planet to warm up.

                Although local temperatures fluctuate naturally, over the past 50 years the average global temperatures has increased at the fastest rate in recorded history. Scientist say that unless we curb the emissions that cause climate change, average U.S. temperatures could be 3 to 9 degrees higher by the end of the century.

                Climate change is a complex phenomenon, and its full-scale impacts are to predict far in advance. But each year scientists learn more about how climate change is affecting the planet and our communities, and most agree that certain consequences are likely to occur if current trends continue.

                In addition to impacting our water resources, energy supply, transportation, agriculture, and ecosystems, the United States Global Change Research Program concludes that climate change also poses unique challenges to human health, for example, significant increases in the risk of illness and death related to extreme heat and heat waves are very likely. Some diseases transmitted by food, water, and insects are likely to increase. Certain group, including children, the elderly, and the poor, are most vulnerable to a range of climate-related health effects. These impacts will result in significant costs to our families and the economy.

                Here is the good news: technologies exist today to make cars that run cleaner and burn less gas, modernize power plants and generate electricity from nonpolluting sources, and cut our electricity use through energy efficiency. The challenge is to be sure these solutions are put to use.

                Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) is tackling global warming on two main fronts – cutting pollution and expanding clean energy. Transitioning to clean energy economy will bring new jobs and reduce air pollution. We cannot afford to wait.

(Diadaptasi dari http://group.axa.con/en/newsroom/news/global-warming)

it can be inferred  from paragraph 2 that ....

What is the aim of the text?

It can be concluded that most people think that Hollywood sign was first made by ....

The text below has incomplete sentences. Choose the one word or phrase from each number that best completes the sentences.

One of the major achievements of modern science is the determination of the approximate age of the Earth, now reckoned at 4.6 billion years. This makes the Earth far older than was (60) ____ imagined. Indeed, one eighteenth century religious and scientific authority circulated the widely (61) ____ view that the planet was only some four thousand years old. To modern scientists, (62) ____, geologic time begins with the formation of the Earth's solid crust sometime earlier than the age of the oldest known rock. Geologists divide this vat expanse of time into four eras- the Precambrian, the Paleozoic' the Mesozoic, and the Cenozoic, which takes us to the present. Thus, the almost five billion years of planetary history and the 100,000 or so years of human (63) ____ are encapsulated in a mere for categories. (64) ____, to aid in the discussion of such vast periods of time, further division and (65) ____ becomes necessary. Accordingly, the last three eras are further (66) ____ into 12 periods and more than 40 epochs, each division being (67) ____ by characteristic types of rock and plant and animal fossils.

51. ____

Bacalah teks di bawah ini untuk menjawab pertanyaan nomor 40- 45!

    Many historical linguist are able to (40) ____ modern complex languages back to earlier languages, but in order to answer the question of how complex languages are actually formed, the researcher needs to observe how languages are started from scratch. To find out how grammar is created, someone needs to be present at the time of a language's creation, documenting its emergence. However, this is possible.

    Some of most recent languages evolved (41) ____ the Atlantic slave trade. At this time, slaves from a number of different ethnicities were forced to work together under colonizer's rule. Since they had no opportunity to learn each other's languages, they developed a make-shift language called pidgin. Pidgins are strings of words copied from the languages of the landowner. They have little in the way of grammar, and in many cases it is difficult for a listener to (42) ____ when an event happened, and who did what to whom. Speakers need to use circumlocution in order to make their meaning understood. (43) ____, however, all it takes for a pidgin to become a complex language is for a group of children to be exposed to it when they learn their mother tongue. Slave children did not simply copy the strings of words uttered by their elders, they adapted mother words to create a new, expressive language. Complex grammar systems which emerge from pidgins are termed creoles, and they are (44) ____ by children.

    Some linguist believe that many most established languages were creoles at first. The English past tense -ed ending may have evolved from the verb 'do’. ‘It ended' may once have been ‘It end-did’. Thus, it would appear that even the most widespread languages were partly created by children. Children appear to have innate grammatical mechanism in their brains, which emerges when they are first trying to make sense of the world near them. Their minds can serve to create logical, complex structures, even when there is no grammar present for them to copy.

(43) ____

The text below has incomplete sentences. Choose the one word or phrase from each number that best completes the sentences.

One of the major achievements of modern science is the determination of the approximate age of the Earth, now reckoned at 4.6 billion years. This makes the Earth far older than was (60) ____ imagined. Indeed, one eighteenth century religious and scientific authority circulated the widely (61) ____ view that the planet was only some four thousand years old. To modern scientists, (62) ____, geologic time begins with the formation of the Earth's solid crust sometime earlier than the age of the oldest known rock. Geologists divide this vat expanse of time into four eras- the Precambrian, the Paleozoic' the Mesozoic, and the Cenozoic, which takes us to the present. Thus, the almost five billion years of planetary history and the 100,000 or so years of human (63) ____ are encapsulated in a mere for categories. (64) ____, to aid in the discussion of such vast periods of time, further division and (65) ____ becomes necessary. Accordingly, the last three eras are further (66) ____ into 12 periods and more than 40 epochs, each division being (67) ____ by characteristic types of rock and plant and animal fossils.

55. ____

The text below has incomplete sentences. Choose the one word or phrase from each number that best completes the sentences.
 

    Bullying behavior, broadly described as intimidating or harassing another person through physical or verbal assaults and insults, can begin at any age, but it seems to be a particular problem among children and adolescents. (51) ____ it is usually a one-on-one behavior, bullying also has a broader social impact. Victims may feel humiliated, and thus (52) ____ in their peer group, while bullies may feel (53) ____ a position of superiority in the same group. Bullying behavior can continue into adulthood, although by that time it may be regarded as criminal behavior and result (54) ____ legal action (e.g. charges of "assault and battery").

    The social stratification (55) ____ bullying is often a precursor of adult behavior. Children who are bullies may continue to intimidate, or to try to intimidate, their peers

(56) ____ they are adults. Other adults learn to cope with (57) ____ behavior, either by standing up to it and challenging the bully or by ignoring the behavior and avoiding the bully. Adult society (58) ____ bullies and victims in different social groups.

(59) ____ techniques for dealing with bullies is part of (60) ____ task of schools to create a safe environment for all children and to teach acceptable social behavior.

Adapted from http://connection.ebscohost.com/education/bullying-school/definition-bullying-schools Accessed March 16,2014

(54) ____

60. The tone of this passage can be described as ____.

    Hot boning is an energy saving technique for the meat processing industry. It has received considerable attention in recent years when increased pressure for energy conservation has accentuated the need for more efficient methods of processing the bovine carcass. Cooling of an entire carcass requires a considerable amount of refrigerated space, since bone and trimmable fat are cooled along with the muscle. It is also necessary to space the carcasses adequately in the refrigerated room for better air movement and prevention of microbial contamination, thus adding to the volume requirements for carcass chillers.

     Conventional handling of meat involves holding the beef sides in the cooler for 24 to 36 hours before boning. Chilling in the traditional fashion is also associated with a loss of carcass weight ranging from 2% to 4% due to evaporation of moisture from the meat tissue.

    Early excision, or hot boning, of muscle prerigor followed by vacuum packaging has several potential advantages. By removing only the edible muscle and fat prerigor, refrigeration space and costs are minimized, boning labor is decreased and storage yields increased. Because hot boning often results in toughening of meat, a more recent approach, hot boning following electrical stimulation, has been used to reduce the necessary time of rigor mortis. Some researchers have found this method beneficial in maintaining tender meat, while others have found that the meat also becomes tough after electrical stimulation.

Hot boning is becoming very popular because ....

The author organizes the ideas in the passage by ____.