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UTBK/SNBT Bahasa Inggris: Pertanyaan, Jawaban, Latihan Soal & Pembahasan

Urutkan

Tamiwin T

02 Februari 2022 21:40

The modern period of civil right reform in the US can be divided into several phases, each beginning with isolated, small scale protests and ultimately resulting in the emergence of new, more militant movements, leaders and organizations. The Brown decision demonstrated that the litigation strategy of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) could undermine the legal foundations of southern segregationist practices, but the strategy worked only when blacks, acting individually or in small groups, assumed the risk associated with crossing racial barriers. Thus, even after the Supreme Court declared that public school segregation was unconstitutional, black activism was necessary to compel the federal government to implement the decision and extend its principles to all areas of public life rather than simply in schools. During the 1950s and 1960s, therefore, NAACP-sponsored legal suits and legislative lobbying were supplemented by an increasingly massive and militant social movement seeking a broad range of social changes. Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, the initial phase of black protest activity in the post-Brown period began on December 1, 1955. Rosa Parks of Montgomery, Alabama, refused to give up her seat to a white bus rider, there by defying a southern custom that required blacks to give seats toward the front of buses to whites. When she was jailed, a black community boycott of the city’s buses began. The boycott lasted more than a year, demonstrating the unity and determination of black residents and inspiring blacks elsewhere. Martin Luther King, Jr., who emerged as the boycott movement’s most efective leader, possessed unique conciliatory and oratorical skills. He understood the larger signiicance of the boycott and quickly realized that the nonviolent tactics used by the Indian nationalist Mahatma Gandhi could be used by southern black. “I had come to see early that the Christian doctrine of love operating through the Gandhian method of non-violence was one of the most potent weapons available to the Negro in his struggle for freedom,” he explained. Although Parks and King were members of the NAACP, the Montgomery movement led to the creation in 1957 of a new regional organization, the clergy-led Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) with King as its president. King remained the major spokesperson for black aspirations, but, as in Montgomery, little-known individuals initiated most subsequent black movement. On February 1, 1960, four freshmen at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College began a wave of student sit-ins designed to end segregation at southern lunch counters. These protests spread rapidly throughout the South and led to the founding, in April 1960, of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). This student-led group, even more aggressive in its use of nonviolent direct action tactics than King’s SCLC, stressed the development of autonomous local movements in contrast to SCLC’s strategy of using local campaigns to achieve national civil rights reform. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about Montgomery Bus Boycott? A. The boycott lasted for a year. B. It was a protest against the incarceration of black woman. C. Some white people supported this boycott. D. It marked the early period of black protest in the post Brown period

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Nafis N

02 Februari 2022 21:40

The modern period of civil right reform in the US can be divided into several phases, each beginning with isolated, small scale protests and ultimately resulting in the emergence of new, more militant movements, leaders and organizations. The Brown decision demonstrated that the litigation strategy of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) could undermine the legal foundations of southern segregationist practices, but the strategy worked only when blacks, acting individually or in small groups, assumed the risk associated with crossing racial barriers. Thus, even after the Supreme Court declared that public school segregation was unconstitutional, black activism was necessary to compel the federal government to implement the decision and extend its principles to all areas of public life rather than simply in schools. During the 1950s and 1960s, therefore, NAACP-sponsored legal suits and legislative lobbying were supplemented by an increasingly massive and militant social movement seeking a broad range of social changes. Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, the initial phase of black protest activity in the post-Brown period began on December 1, 1955. Rosa Parks of Montgomery, Alabama, refused to give up her seat to a white bus rider, there by defying a southern custom that required blacks to give seats toward the front of buses to whites. When she was jailed, a black community boycott of the city’s buses began. The boycott lasted more than a year, demonstrating the unity and determination of black residents and inspiring blacks elsewhere. Martin Luther King, Jr., who emerged as the boycott movement’s most efective leader, possessed unique conciliatory and oratorical skills. He understood the larger signiicance of the boycott and quickly realized that the nonviolent tactics used by the Indian nationalist Mahatma Gandhi could be used by southern black. “I had come to see early that the Christian doctrine of love operating through the Gandhian method of non-violence was one of the most potent weapons available to the Negro in his struggle for freedom,” he explained. Although Parks and King were members of the NAACP, the Montgomery movement led to the creation in 1957 of a new regional organization, the clergy-led Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) with King as its president. King remained the major spokesperson for black aspirations, but, as in Montgomery, little-known individuals initiated most subsequent black movement. On February 1, 1960, four freshmen at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College began a wave of student sit-ins designed to end segregation at southern lunch counters. These protests spread rapidly throughout the South and led to the founding, in April 1960, of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). This student-led group, even more aggressive in its use of nonviolent direct action tactics than King’s SCLC, stressed the development of autonomous local movements in contrast to SCLC’s strategy of using local campaigns to achieve national civil rights reform. It is implied in the text that Martin Luther King, Jr. …. A. was the only inluential leader in the black community B. started to lead his movement when he was young C. was a member of NAACP D. led the irst black movement against racism in the U.S.

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Winafajria W

02 Februari 2022 21:40

Parents send their children to school with the best of intentions, believing that formal education is what kids need to become productive, happy adults. Many parents do have qualms about how well schools are performing, but the conventional wisdom is that these issues can be resolved with more money, better teachers, more challenging curricula, or more rigorous tests. But what if the real problem is school itself? The unfortunate fact is that one of our most cherished is, by its very nature, failing our children and our society. Children are required to be in school, where their freedom is greatly restricted, far more than most adults would tolerate in their workspaces. In recent decades, we have been compelling them to spend ever more time in this kind of setting, and there is strong evidence that this is causing psychological damage to many of them. And as scientists have investigated how children naturally learn, they have realized that kids do so most deeply and fully, and with greatest enthusiasm, in conditions that are almost opposite to those of school. Compulsory education has been a ixture of our culture now for several generations. President Obama and Secretary of Education Arne Duncan are so enamored of it that they want even longer school days and years. Most people assume that the basic design of today’s school emerged from scientiic evidence about how children learn. But nothing could be further from the truth. Schools as we know them today are a product of history, not of research. The blueprint for them was developed during the Protestant Reformation, when schools were created to teach children to read the Bible, to believe Scripture without questioning it, and to obey authority igures without questioning them. When schools were taken over by the state, made compulsory, and directed toward secular ends, the basic structure and methods of teaching remained unchanged. Subsequent attempts at reform have failed because they have not altered basic blueprint. The top down, teach-and-test method, in which learning is motivated by a system of reward and punishments rather than by curiosity or by any real desire to know, is well designed for indoctrination and obedience training but not much else. It is no wonder that many of the world’s greatest entrepreneurs and innovators either left school early (like Thomas Edison) or said they hated school and learned despite it, not because of it (like Albert Einstein). What is the topic of the text above? A. Parents’ expectation on reformation in American school system. B. Doubts on the efectiveness of American schools systems. C. Restrictions on children’s freedom at the US schools. D. Regulations for American children to stay longer at schools.

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Septiangga S

02 Februari 2022 21:40

Parents send their children to school with the best of intentions, believing that formal education is what kids need to become productive, happy adults. Many parents do have qualms about how well schools are performing, but the conventional wisdom is that these issues can be resolved with more money, better teachers, more challenging curricula, or more rigorous tests. But what if the real problem is school itself? The unfortunate fact is that one of our most cherished is, by its very nature, failing our children and our society. Children are required to be in school, where their freedom is greatly restricted, far more than most adults would tolerate in their workspaces. In recent decades, we have been compelling them to spend ever more time in this kind of setting, and there is strong evidence that this is causing psychological damage to many of them. And as scientists have investigated how children naturally learn, they have realized that kids do so most deeply and fully, and with greatest enthusiasm, in conditions that are almost opposite to those of school. Compulsory education has been a ixture of our culture now for several generations. President Obama and Secretary of Education Arne Duncan are so enamored of it that they want even longer school days and years. Most people assume that the basic design of today’s school emerged from scientiic evidence about how children learn. But nothing could be further from the truth. Schools as we know them today are a product of history, not of research. The blueprint for them was developed during the Protestant Reformation, when schools were created to teach children to read the Bible, to believe Scripture without questioning it, and to obey authority igures without questioning them. When schools were taken over by the state, made compulsory, and directed toward secular ends, the basic structure and methods of teaching remained unchanged. Subsequent attempts at reform have failed because they have not altered basic blueprint. The top down, teach-and-test method, in which learning is motivated by a system of reward and punishments rather than by curiosity or by any real desire to know, is well designed for indoctrination and obedience training but not much else. It is no wonder that many of the world’s greatest entrepreneurs and innovators either left school early (like Thomas Edison) or said they hated school and learned despite it, not because of it (like Albert Einstein). Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “qualms” (paragraf 1)? A. Remarks B. Requests C. Doubts D. Views

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Tamiwin T

02 Februari 2022 21:40

Parents send their children to school with the best of intentions, believing that formal education is what kids need to become productive, happy adults. Many parents do have qualms about how well schools are performing, but the conventional wisdom is that these issues can be resolved with more money, better teachers, more challenging curricula, or more rigorous tests. But what if the real problem is school itself? The unfortunate fact is that one of our most cherished is, by its very nature, failing our children and our society. Children are required to be in school, where their freedom is greatly restricted, far more than most adults would tolerate in their workspaces. In recent decades, we have been compelling them to spend ever more time in this kind of setting, and there is strong evidence that this is causing psychological damage to many of them. And as scientists have investigated how children naturally learn, they have realized that kids do so most deeply and fully, and with greatest enthusiasm, in conditions that are almost opposite to those of school. Compulsory education has been a ixture of our culture now for several generations. President Obama and Secretary of Education Arne Duncan are so enamored of it that they want even longer school days and years. Most people assume that the basic design of today’s school emerged from scientiic evidence about how children learn. But nothing could be further from the truth. Schools as we know them today are a product of history, not of research. The blueprint for them was developed during the Protestant Reformation, when schools were created to teach children to read the Bible, to believe Scripture without questioning it, and to obey authority igures without questioning them. When schools were taken over by the state, made compulsory, and directed toward secular ends, the basic structure and methods of teaching remained unchanged. Subsequent attempts at reform have failed because they have not altered basic blueprint. The top down, teach-and-test method, in which learning is motivated by a system of reward and punishments rather than by curiosity or by any real desire to know, is well designed for indoctrination and obedience training but not much else. It is no wonder that many of the world’s greatest entrepreneurs and innovators either left school early (like Thomas Edison) or said they hated school and learned despite it, not because of it (like Albert Einstein). What is the purpose of the text? A. To remind American parent that the formal school is basically a product of culture. B. To tell the readers that formal schools in the USA have been constantly developed for a long time. C. To discuss if the American school system is truly efective to educate children. D. To review how compulsory education in the USA has met parents’ expectation.

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Nafis N

02 Februari 2022 21:40

A study reported in the Journal of Sensory Studies in 2012 found that food is perceived differently depending on the characteristics of the container. Betina Piqueras-Fiszman from the Polytechnic University of Valencia (Spain) and Charles Spence from the University of Oxford (UK) conducted an experiment with 57 participants who were asked to evaluate samples of hot chocolate served in four different kinds of plastic cups. The cups were all the same size but with different external colors: white, cream, red and orange with white on the inside. They found that the participants rated hot chocolate in an orange or cream colored cup to taste better than in a white or red one. Perceptions of the sweetness, rather than the flavor of the cocoa, and also the aroma (smell) were much less influenced by the color of the cup, although participants found the chocolate to be slightly sweeter and more aromatic in a cream colored cup. Betina Piqueras-Fiszman explained that the color of the container where food and drink are served can enhance some attributes like taste and aroma. There is no fixed rule stating that flavor and aroma are enhanced in a cup of a certain color or shade. In reality this varies depending on the type of food, but the truth is that, as this effect occurs, more attention should be paid to the color of the container as it has more potential than one could imagine. Their article also summarized previous studies that also confirmed the effect of containers on sensory characteristics of food or drink. For example, the flavor of lemon in yellow tins was preferred to that of soft drinks presented in a cold color such as blue. Drinks in pink containers were viewed as being more sugary. Strawberry mousse presented on a white plate seemed sweeter than on a black plate. Coffee in brown packaging was associated with a stronger flavor and aroma. The sentence “There is no fixed rule stating that flavor and aroma are enhanced in a cup of a certain color or shade” in paragraph 2 can be restated as… A. The aroma and the taste of food and drink will depend on whether or not it is placed in a colored cup. B. The research confirms if a colored cup really can enhance the taste and aroma of the food and drink. C. Certain color or shade in a cup can fix the taste or aroma of the food and drink. D. The research cannot confirm which specific colors can give better taste and aroma to the food and drink. E. The research found that the flavor and aroma of the food and drink can be enhanced by placing them in a cup.

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Winafajria W

02 Februari 2022 21:40

What is an internship? Simply put, it is an opportunity that employers offer to students interested in gaining work experience in particular industries. An intern works at a company for a fixed period of time, usually three to six months. Some students will have a part-time internship in which they work at the office for just a few days or hours per week. Others will have full-time internships, meaning they work the same hours as the company’s full-time employees. Internships can be any time of the year, including over the summer and during the regular quarter, trimester or semester. Internships offer students a hands-on opportunity to work in their desired field. They learn how their course of study applies to the real world and build a valuable experience that makes them stronger candidates for jobs after graduation. An internship can be an excellent way to “try out” a certain career. For instance, you may think you want a fast-paced job in advertising after college, but after an internship, you may find that it’s not for you; that’s valuable insight that will help you choose your career path. In some colleges, internships also count towards course credit. This is dependent on your individual school’s requirements, but usually, a three-month long internship counts as a full course credit. Interns are usually college or graduate students. While interns are usually older students, like juniors or seniors, freshman and sophomores can seek out internships as well. Having several internships while in college can be very impressive to potential employers. Unpaid internships are common, but there are plenty of paid internships too. Whether or not you will get a wage depends on your industry and role. For instance, editorial interns are rarely paid, while engineering students almost always are. If you can afford it, an unpaid internship can still be an extremely beneficial experience. You can get serious work experience, build a portfolio and establish a network of professional contacts which can help you after you graduate. The author tries to explain what internship is by detailing … in order. A. definition, duration, and type B. definition, company, type, and time C. definition, company, duration, and type D. definition, duration, type, and time E. definition, type, duration, and time

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Tamiwin T

02 Februari 2022 21:40

Dangerous as anger can be, it is also natural, even necessary, and has been hard-wired into the brain by evolution. Most obviously, anger helped people survive. As soon as this survival was threatened, anger was triggered, along with violent defensive action. More surprisingly, perhaps, anger also helped early humans to live together in groups, acting as a kind of warning signal in the form of threatening facial expressions, clenched fists, reddening cheeks, and so on. This let others know that their behavior was unacceptable, that they were invading someone’s personal space and that they risked physical retaliation. At first glance, anger seems relatively simple. Ask the man in the street to define it and he will probably say ‘it’s what happens when people annoy you.’ But anger can take many forms and has numerous different triggers. And what infuriates one person may pass by another unnoticed. One individual can make her way through a bustling crowd, or sit next to a screaming child, and seem perfectly relaxed. But if someone questions her political beliefs, or disrupts her plans, she will fly into an uncontrollable rage. For some, anger is triggered more by petty annoyances than by major catastrophes. They will be calm and methodical during a bereavement, for example, or when travelling to the hospital for an operation, but as soon as the neighbor’s car alarm goes off, or the printer runs out of ink, they explode. For others, it is threats to their money, property, status or time that act as the major catalyst. They may let the petty irritations go, but if their car is scratched or their authority questioned, they become enraged. Finally, some will laugh off both petty irritations and threats to their money or status. For them, rule-breaking is the most infuriating thing. This is especially true of those with obsessive compulsive or autistic traits: people who like and need things to be regular and ordered. And such rules can be more like vague, unspoken agreements. For example, someone may be sensitive about their acne or low income. Friends understand this and so the subject is never raised. One evening, someone makes a harmless remark and is shocked to see their friend explode with rage. But it wasn’t the fact that his low income or bad skin had been mentioned, nor even that he felt humiliated; his anger was sparked because someone had broken the rules. From the passage it can be summed up that… A. For an obsessive-compulsive person or someone with autistic traits, he/she can get angry when someone has broken the rules by, for example messing up the order or regulation and not doing what they are asked to do. B. Some people get angry for small things, while some get angry for more serious matters. C. Most people get angry with something they cannot control or predict, or something they are very sensitive to. D. Amongst many conditions that make people angry, the most frequent reason is when people raise a topic that relates to the person’s bad experience in the past. E. Some people get angry for small or serious things and some others might get angry not due to small or serious matters, but because people ask them what they do not like to be asked

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Nafis N

02 Februari 2022 21:40

Joko Widodo, byname Jokowi (born June 21, 1961, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia), Indonesian businessman, politician, and government official, who served as governor of Jakarta (2012–14) and as president of Indonesia (2014– present). Joko Widodo, who attracted international attention with his populist style of campaigning and his anti corruption platform, became the first Indonesian president who did not have a military background or belong to one of the country’s prominent political families. His success at the polls was viewed by many analysts as marking the beginning of a new, more democratic era of Indonesian politics. Jokowi was born and raised in Surakarta, a city in the centre of Java northeast of Yogyakarta. His father was a wood seller who plied his trade in the city’s streets, and throughout much of Jokowi’s childhood he and his family lived in illegally built shacks near the city’s flood-prone Solo River. Later, when he entered politics, his populist appeal was rooted in part to those humble beginnings. Jokowi applied himself at school and won admittance to Gadjah Mada University in Yogyakarta, from which he graduated (1985) with a degree in forestry engineering. For several years he worked for a state-owned pulp mill in the Aceh region of northern Sumatra, and he later established his own furniture factory in Surakarta. By 2002 he had become a highly successful furniture exporter, with showrooms on several continents, as well as chairman of a local branch of the country’s influential furniture manufacturers’ association. In 2014 the PDI-P selected Jokowi to be its candidate for the Indonesian presidential election, which was held on July 9. As Jokowi entered the presidency, he identified clamping-down on corruption as among his top priorities and as a necessary step to attract more foreign direct investment to the country. He also pushed a nine-point plan for Indonesia that emphasized helping the poor by improving public services, implementing land reforms, and developing more-affordable housing, among other measures. Jokowi’s political approach is known as a humble one. This is mostly rooted from… A. his experience working in rural area in Aceh B. his simple living since his childhood C. his love and care of poor people D. his experience as a furniture exporter E. his poor living in Yogyakarta when he was a student

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Septiangga S

02 Februari 2022 21:40

In the ultra competitive world of professional sports, victory is measured in fractions of time and distance. The difference in performance between two elite athletes amounts to less than one percent. Consequently, professional athletes take great interest in ergogenic aids, which refer to any technique or substance used to enhance performance. Common legal ergogenic aids include multivitamin supplements and hypoxic training. Recently, the ability of brain stimulation to enhance sports performance has become an expanding focus of academic study. In an October 2017 article titled “Bilateral extracephalic transcranial direct current stimulation improves endurance performance in healthy individuals,” Angius and co-authors used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a form of brain stimulation, to improve endurance in 12 healthy, active adults during 10-minute cycling sessions. Both before and after tDCS, the researchers assessed neuromuscular performance by measuring time to task failure among participants engaged in cycling sessions. They found that placing the anodes over both motor cortices augments endurance performance. In other words, cyclists who received anodal stimulation biked longer before quitting than did those under the cathodal and sham conditions. In addition to observing changes in corticospinal excitability in those receiving anodal stimulation, the researchers found that their ratings of perceived exertion were also lower. The researchers suggest “the increase in endurance performance might be the result of higher excitability of the motor cortex leading to a reduction in perception of effort.” Certain stakeholders have high hopes for tDCS that extend past sports performance and include training adaptations and neuroplasticity. To date, only four other studies have examined the effects of tDCS on measures of endurance. Nevertheless, the results of the current study are encouraging and could help bolster the spread of tDCS among professional athletes. Currently, the Halo Sport, a wearable neurostimulation device, which looks like a pair of headphones and leverages tDCS technology, is becoming popular among NFL athletes, MLB at Olympic athletes, and more. The device promises improvements in strength, skill, speed, and endurance. The text above mainly informs readers about… A. enhancing athletic performance by brain stimulation B. wearable devices to stimulate athlete’s speed C. gaps in athletic performance D. improving athlete’s ability through extensive brain training E. measuring athletic victory with brain stimulation

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Jawaban terverifikasi
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