UTBK/SNBT Bahasa Inggris: Pertanyaan, Jawaban, Latihan Soal & Pembahasan

The process of global warming and the destructive nature of wildfires have created a deadly cycle in which one constantly contributes to the other. Forest fires and global warming have created a dangerous relationship. The link between these two force has become clear in recent years. As the climate becomes warmer, forests will become drier, spawning the perfect environment for fires. In addition, as forest fires continue and gain intensity, the trees release more carbon into the atmosphere which contributes to the greenhouse effect and which therefore causes global warming.

The increase in forest fires can now be seen as a factor which contributes to global warming. Trees, in the carbon cycle, are labeled a "sink" or a store for carbon. The ability of trees to store carbon dioxide has helped reduce the amount of CO2 that is pumped into the atmosphere. But, now that more trees are being burned through increased forest fires, this store carbon is being released and the CO2 becomes part of the greenhouse gases that drive the greenhouse effect. So we believe that extra fires intensity global warming. Furthermore, carbon is released in the decomposition of the trees after the fire. There is no doubt that global warming and forest fires are linked rising temperatures.

Global warming is a process which has been occuring for years and whose effects have been more intensively felt by all of living creatures. Forest fires have also been recorded for years, but as mentioned they are a natural process. Therefore, it would be reasonable to attack global warming first. Much work has been done already to solve this problem. Some plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as Kyoto Protocol has been in place for years, but they have shown little results.

Some experts who care about global warming say that the solutions must start at home. People, who suffer from immediate effect of global warming, must realize that most of their day to day activities contribute to climate charge. But, reducing what is called "carbon footprint" is not difficult. It can be as easy as changing travel methods, instead of driving to school or working everyday, biking or walking. Or it can be as easy as buying an energy efficient appliance or switching the lights off in rooms which are not being used.

Leadership from ordinary people is what it will take to fight against global warming. People must educate each other on these harmful effects and make them known. But, this process will continue to damage forests around the world unless something is done to reduce the effects of global warming.

The purpose of the text is to ...

The process of global warming and the destructive nature of wildfires have created a deadly cycle in which one constantly contributes to the other. Forest fires and global warming have created a dangerous relationship. The link between these two force has become clear in recent years. As the climate becomes warmer, forests will become drier, spawning the perfect environment for fires. In addition, as forest fires continue and gain intensity, the trees release more carbon into the atmosphere which contributes to the greenhouse effect and which therefore causes global warming.

The increase in forest fires can now be seen as a factor which contributes to global warming. Trees, in the carbon cycle, are labeled a "sink" or a store for carbon. The ability of trees to store carbon dioxide has helped reduce the amount of CO2 that is pumped into the atmosphere. But, now that more trees are being burned through increased forest fires, this store carbon is being released and the CO2 becomes part of the greenhouse gases that drive the greenhouse effect. So we believe that extra fires intensity global warming. Furthermore, carbon is released in the decomposition of the trees after the fire. There is no doubt that global warming and forest fires are linked rising temperatures.

Global warming is a process which has been occuring for years and whose effects have been more intensively felt by all of living creatures. Forest fires have also been recorded for years, but as mentioned they are a natural process. Therefore, it would be reasonable to attack global warming first. Much work has been done already to solve this problem. Some plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as Kyoto Protocol has been in place for years, but they have shown little results.

Some experts who care about global warming say that the solutions must start at home. People, who suffer from immediate effect of global warming, must realize that most of their day to day activities contribute to climate charge. But, reducing what is called "carbon footprint" is not difficult. It can be as easy as changing travel methods, instead of driving to school or working everyday, biking or walking. Or it can be as easy as buying an energy efficient appliance or switching the lights off in rooms which are not being used.

Leadership from ordinary people is what it will take to fight against global warming. People must educate each other on these harmful effects and make them known. But, this process will continue to damage forests around the world unless something is done to reduce the effects of global warming.

It is implied in the text that ....

The information and communication technology revolution can be easily recognized as the latest revolution in the history of mankind, impacting every facet of business, society, and life worldwide with a speed beyond imagination. The last centuries have seen a continuous evolution process, which started with industrial revolution at the end of 18th century. This revolution has its roots in the invention of the first electronic computers in the 1940s, continued with the development of information technology during following decades and exploded in the early 1990s. In the 1960s and 1970s, computer technology was mainly utilized in business data processing and scientific applications of a mostly number crunching nature. As a result, the use of this technology was limited to those who had good command of these systems and computer programming languages. With the invention of microprocessors a new idea of distributed information established itself and computers became available on a personal basis. The contemporary development of networking both on a local and a wide area (LAN and WAN) merged computer and information technology with telecommunication. In 1980s the matching of the two technologies led to the information communication technology, with a strong focus on the management and dissemination of information by both providers and users.

The most noticeable explosion in the information and communication technology revolution was the creation of the World Wide Web (WWW) and its potential in the early 1990s. During the past two decades, WWW technologies have become the driving force in allowing people worldwide to communicate and exchange information in ways that have created a totally new dimension for mankind, at such a point that "global villages" are the words today better describing our planet. In recent years, through the use of web-enabled technologies, organizations of all types and sizes around the world have managed to utilize these technologies to conduct both information processing and dissemination with their prospective customers, suppliers, students, and governments. These technologies, now allowing readily available information for everyone regardless of their geographic location, bring the true meaning of the information age to its full realization and prepare a new era for mankind: the knowledge society.

In recent years, the science of understanding the nature of information processing and management combined with computer and telecommunication technologies to process, dissaminate, and manage information has become known as "information and communication science and technology." It has many resources and components and originated many new disciplines but, what is more, it intervenes in changing mankind's habits and lifestyle.

The purpose of the text is to ....

For those of you now eyeing your cell phones A study published in the journal Bioelectromagnetics reported no statistically significant change in the incidence of brain cancer in men and women in England between 1998 and 2007, a time. when cell phone use inoreasecd dramatically. suspiciously, it is worth nothing that both the National Cancer Institute (sci) and the World Health Organization (WHO) say there is no evidence to support the assertion that cell phones area public- health threat. But a number of scientists are worried that there has been a dangerous rush to declarc cell phones safe, using studied they feel are inadequate and too often weighted toward the wireless industry interests. An analysis published by University of Washington neurologist Henry Law determined that far more independent studied than industry-funded studied have found at least some type of biological effects from cell-phone exposure But now, new work published this week in the Journal of the America Medical Association says there is an identifiable effeetof cell phone use in the brain, but it is really too early to tell what, if anything, that effect means health-wise. There has been a lot of controversy of whether cell phones could increase the temperature of the brain, which in turn could effect ebergy requirements A strong line between mobiles and cancer could have snajor public-health implications. As cell phones make and take calls, they exit low-level ratio- frequency (RF) radiation. Stronger than FM ratio signals, these RE waves are still a billionth the intensity ofknown carcinogenic radiation like X-rays

The topic discussed in both passages above is...

For those of you now eyeing your cell phones A study published in the journal suspiciously, it is worth nothing that both the National Cancer Institute (sci) and the World Health Organization (WHO) say there is no evidence to support the assertion that cell phones are health threat. But a number of scientists are worried Bioclectromagnetics reported no statistically significant change in the incidence of brain cancer in men and women in England between 1998 and 2007, a time when cell. phone use increased dramatically. t there has been a dangerous rush to deolare cell phones safe, using studied they feel are inadequate and too often weighted toward the wireless industry interests. An analysis published by University of Washington neurologist Henry Law determined that far more independent studied than industry-funded studied have found at least some type of biological effects From cell-phone e But now, new work published this week in the Journal of the America Medical Association says there is an identifiable effect of cell phone use in the brain, but it is really too early to tell what,if thing, that effect means health-wise. are has been a lot of controversy of whether cell phones could increase the temperature of the brain, which in turn could effect ebergy requirements strong line between mobiles and cancer could have major public-health implications. As cell phones make and take calls, they exit low-level ratio- frequency (RE) radiation. Stronger than FM ratio signals, these RF waves are still a billionth the intensity ofknown carcinogenie radiation like X-rays. Based on our study, we really cannot infer whether this is a bad or could-even have potentially good applications so that - our finding does not ihuminate or enlighten that very important question of whether cell phone exposure could have detrimental effects

Which of the following reflect opinions mentioned in both passages?

For those of you now eyeing your cell phones A study published in the journal suspiciously, it is worth nothing that both the Nationaoclectromagnetics reportedk no statistically Cancer Institute (sci) and the World Health Organization (WHO) say there is no evidence to support the assertion that cell phones are a public health threat. But a number of scientists are worried that there has been a dangerous rush to declared cell phones safe, using studied they feel are inadequate and too often weighted toward the wireless industry interests. An analysis published by University of Washington neurologist Henry Law determined that far more independent studied than industry-funded studics have found at least some type of biological effects from,cell-phone exposure- significant change in the incidence of brain cancer in men and women in England between 1998 and 2007, a time. when cell phone use increased dramatically But now, new work published this week in the Journal of the America Medical Association says there is an identifiable effect.of cell phone use in the brain, but it is really too early to tell what, if anything, that effect means health-wise. There has been a lot of controversy of whether cell phones could increase the temperature of the brain, which in turn could effect ebergy requirements A strong line between mobiles and cancer could have major public-health implications. As cell phones make and take calls, they exit low-level ratio- frequency (RF) radiation. Stronger than FM ratio od applications so that - our finding does signals, /these RF waves are still a billionth the intensity ofknown carcinogenic radiation like X-rays. Based on our study, we really cannot infer whether this is a bad or, could even have potentially illuminate or enlighten that very important question of whether cell phone exposure could have detrimental effects.

Both passages are similar in content in terms of addressingj

Agroecologists do not always agree about what agroecology is or should be in the long-term. Different definitions of the term agroecology can be distinguished largely by the specificity with which one defines the them "ecology," as well as the term's potential political connotations. Definitions of agroecology, therefore, may be first grouped according to the specific contexts within which they situate agriculture. Agroecology is defined as "the study of the relation of agricultural crops and environment." This definition refers to the "-ecology" part of "agroecology" narrowly as the nahiral environment. Following this definition, an agroecologist would study agriculture's various relationship with soil health, water quality, air quality, meso- and micro-sauna, surrounding flora, environmental, toxins, and other environmental contexs.

A more common definition of the word can be taken from Dalgaard et al., who refer to agroecology as the study of the interaction between plants, animals, humans, and the environment within agricultural systems. Consequently, agroecology is inherently multidisciplinary, including factors from agronomy, ecology, sociology, economics and relate disciplines. In this case, the "ecology" portion of "agroecology" is defined broadly to include social, cultural, and economic contexts as well.

In the global south, the term often carries overtly political connotations. Such political definitions of the term usually ascribe to it the goals of social and economic justice; special attention, in this case, is often paid to the traditional farming knowledge of indigenous populations. North American and European uses of the term sometimes avoid the inclusion of such overtly political goals. In these cases, agroecology is seen more strictly as a scientific discipline with less specific social goals.

Ideas is paragraph 2 and 3 define agroecology as shown in the consecutive relation as .....

Agroecologists do not always agree about what agroecology is or should be in the long-term. Different definitions of the term agroecology can be distinguished largely by the specificity with which one defines the them "ecology," as well as the term's potential political connotations. Definitions of agroecology, therefore, may be first grouped according to the specific contexts within which they situate agriculture. Agroecology is defined as "the study of the relation of agricultural crops and environment." This definition refers to the "-ecology" part of "agroecology" narrowly as the nahiral environment. Following this definition, an agroecologist would study agriculture's various relationship with soil health, water quality, air quality, meso- and micro-sauna, surrounding flora, environmental, toxins, and other environmental contexs.

A more common definition of the word can be taken from Dalgaard et al., who refer to agroecology as the study of the interaction between plants, animals, humans, and the environment within agricultural systems. Consequently, agroecology is inherently multidisciplinary, including factors from agronomy, ecology, sociology, economics and relate disciplines. In this case, the "ecology" portion of "agroecology" is defined broadly to include social, cultural, and economic contexts as well.

In the global south, the term often carries overtly political connotations. Such political definitions of the term usually ascribe to it the goals of social and economic justice; special attention, in this case, is often paid to the traditional farming knowledge of indigenous populations. North American and European uses of the term sometimes avoid the inclusion of such overtly political goals. In these cases, agroecology is seen more strictly as a scientific discipline with less specific social goals.

The points provided is paragraph 3 of the passage explain that.........

Over this decade, employment in jobs requiring education beyond a high school diploma will grow more rapidly than employment in jobs that do not; of the 30 fastest growing occupations, more than half require post-secondary education. With the average earnings of college graduates at a level that is twice as high as that of workers with only a high school diploma, higher education is now the clearest (31) ....... into the middle class.

In higher education, the U.S. has been outpaced internationally. While the United States ranks ninth in the world in the proportion of young adults enrolled in college, we have fallen to 16th in the world in our share of certificates and degrees awarded to adults ages 25-34 - lagging behind Korea, Canada, Japan and other nations. While more than half of college students graduate within six years, the (32) ....... for low-income students is around 25 percent.

Acknowledging these factory early in his Administration, President Obama challenged every American to commit to at least one year of higher education or post-secondary training. (33) ...... that America would once again have the highest proportion of college graduates in the world by 2020.

The option that best completes (33) is ....

             Over this decade, employment in jobs requiring education beyond a high school diploma will grow more rapidly than employment in jobs that do not; of the 30 fastest growing occupations, more than half require post-secondary education. With the average earnings of college graduates at a level that is twice as high as that of  workers with only a high school diploma, higher education is now the clearest (31)…into the middle class.

             In higher education, the U.S has been outpaced internationally. While the United States ranks ninth in the world in the proportion of young adults enrolled in college, we have fallen to 16th in the world in our share of certificates and degrees awarded to adults age 25 – 34 -–lagging behind Korea, Canada, Japan and other nations. While more than half of college students graduate within six year, the (32)…for low-income students is around 25 percent. 

             Acknowledging these factors early in his administration, President Obama challenged every American to commit to at least one years of higher education or post-secondary training. (33)…that America would once again have the highest proportion of college graduates in the world by 2020.

The option that best completes 32 is....