UTBK/SNBT Bahasa Inggris: Pertanyaan, Jawaban, Latihan Soal & Pembahasan

    Forget what world leaders say. If you want to understand what they are really up to, look at the painting that hang behind them at press conference and summit meetings, or when they pause with apparent spontaneity along a corridor to answer a reporter's question. The silent stare of a poised portrait gazing at you over the shoulder of David Cameron or Vladimir Putin is often more loaded and more deliberately orchestrated than you might think.

    For example, President Obama's recent trip to Cuba in March 2016 was considered his boldest step. His controversial agenda was to reset diplomatic relations between the two nations. However, it was a painting by a Cuban artist that (12) ____ the show. Among the more awkward events on Obama's Cuban itinerary was a meeting with a group of political dissidents, many of (13) ____ fear the thawing of relations between Washington and Havana will only embolden the repressive tendencies of Cuban presidents Raul Castro by legitimizing his resign. Enter Michel Mirabal, a contemporary Cuban artist whose sprawling painting My New Friend provided the striking backdrop to the meeting.

    The work stretched evocatively behind Obama as he sat at a long table to discuss the concern of the Cuban government's detractors. It featured side-by-side representations of the Cuban and US flags constructed loosely of red, white, and blue handprints (14) ____. As a subliminal symbol capable of capturing, on the one hand the plight of those oppressed by the Cuban government's, and on the other hand, Obama's commitment to ending sanction against Cuba, the painting (15) ____ The hasty blizzard of anonymous handprint has the feel of street art or something illicitly constructed: a compression of innocence that recall the clay moulds made by children in kindergarten. At the same time, the two flags appear to be visual anagrams of each other. Each consists of the same handprint merely arranged in different combinations, as if subtly to imply that the two countries are essentially inseparable.

(12) ____

    Living on an island can have stranger effects. On Flores in Indonesia, extinct elephants weighed no more than a large hog, but rats grew as big as cats. These are examples of the island effect, which holds that when food and predators are scarce, big animals shrink and little ones grow. Still, no one is sure whether the same rule explains the most famous example of dwarfing on Flores: the odd extinct hominin called the hobbit, which (10) ____ 60,000 to 100, 000 years ago and stood about a meter tall.

    Now, genetic evidence from modern pygmies or unusually short people on Flares-who are unrelated to the hobbit-confirm that humans, too, are subject to so-called island dwarfing. Flores pygmies differ from their closest relatives on New Guinea and in East Asia in carrying more gene variants that promote short stature.

    To explore the pygmies' ancestry, a team of reserachers studied the Rampasasa pgymies of Flores, who were on an average just 145 centimeters tall. They gathered spit and blood from 32 people and (11) ____. The team found no trace of archaic DNA that could be from the hobbit. Instead, the pgymies were (12) ____. The DNA suggest that their ancestors came to Flores in several waves: in the past 50,000 years or so, when modern human first reached Melanesia; and in the past 5000 years, when settlers came from both East Asia and New Guinea.

    The DNA also reflects an environmental shift. It suggests the pgymies' ancestors underwent a big shift in diet after reaching Flores, perhaps eating pgymiy elephants or matine foods. They pgymies' DNA is also rich in alleles that (13) ____ to short stature. Other East Asia have the same alleles, but at much lower frequencies.

    The discovery fits with a recent study suggesting evolution was also in favor of short stature in people on the Andaman Islands. Such selection on island boosts the theory that the hobbit, too, was once a taller species, who dwindled in height over millennia on Flores.

(10) ____

    Living on an island can have stranger effects. On Flores in Indonesia, extinct elephants weighed no more than a large hog, but rats grew as big as cats. These are examples of the island effect, which holds that when food and predators are scarce, big animals shrink and little ones grow. Still, no one is sure whether the same rule explains the most famous example of dwarfing on Flores: the odd extinct hominin called the hobbit, which (10) ____ 60,000 to 100, 000 years ago and stood about a meter tall.

    Now, genetic evidence from modern pygmies or unusually short people on Flares-who are unrelated to the hobbit-confirm that humans, too, are subject to so-called island dwarfing. Flores pygmies differ from their closest relatives on New Guinea and in East Asia in carrying more gene variants that promote short stature.

    To explore the pygmies' ancestry, a team of reserachers studied the Rampasasa pgymies of Flores, who were on an average just 145 centimeters tall. They gathered spit and blood from 32 people and (11) ____. The team found no trace of archaic DNA that could be from the hobbit. Instead, the pgymies were (12) ____. The DNA suggest that their ancestors came to Flores in several waves: in the past 50,000 years or so, when modern human first reached Melanesia; and in the past 5000 years, when settlers came from both East Asia and New Guinea.

    The DNA also reflects an environmental shift. It suggests the pgymies' ancestors underwent a big shift in diet after reaching Flores, perhaps eating pgymiy elephants or matine foods. They pgymies' DNA is also rich in alleles that (13) ____ to short stature. Other East Asia have the same alleles, but at much lower frequencies.

    The discovery fits with a recent study suggesting evolution was also in favor of short stature in people on the Andaman Islands. Such selection on island boosts the theory that the hobbit, too, was once a taller species, who dwindled in height over millennia on Flores.

(12) ____

    Forget what world leaders say. If you want to understand what they are really up to, look at the painting that hang behind them at press conference and summit meetings, or when they pause with apparent spontaneity along a corridor to answer a reporter's question. The silent stare of a poised portrait gazing at you over the shoulder of David Cameron or Vladimir Putin is often more loaded and more deliberately orchestrated than you might think.

    For example, President Obama's recent trip to Cuba in March 2016 was considered his boldest step. His controversial agenda was to reset diplomatic relations between the two nations. However, it was a painting by a Cuban artist that (12) ____ the show. Among the more awkward events on Obama's Cuban itinerary was a meeting with a group of political dissidents, many of (13) ____ fear the thawing of relations between Washington and Havana will only embolden the repressive tendencies of Cuban presidents Raul Castro by legitimizing his resign. Enter Michel Mirabal, a contemporary Cuban artist whose sprawling painting My New Friend provided the striking backdrop to the meeting.

    The work stretched evocatively behind Obama as he sat at a long table to discuss the concern of the Cuban government's detractors. It featured side-by-side representations of the Cuban and US flags constructed loosely of red, white, and blue handprints (14) ____. As a subliminal symbol capable of capturing, on the one hand the plight of those oppressed by the Cuban government's, and on the other hand, Obama's commitment to ending sanction against Cuba, the painting (15) ____. The hasty blizzard of anonymous handprint has the feel of street art or something illicitly constructed: a compression of innocence that recall the clay moulds made by children in kindergarten. At the same time, the two flags appear to be visual anagrams of each other. Each consists of the same handprint merely arranged in different combinations, as if subtly to imply that the two countries are essentially inseparable.

(15) ____

Bacalah teks di bawah ini untuk menjawab pertanyaan nomor 31 - 34!

    The Hollywood sign in the hills that line the northern border of Los Angeles is a famous (31) ____ recognized the world over. The white- painted, 50-foot-high, sheet metal letters can be seen from great distances across the Los Angeles basin.

    The sign was not constructed, as one might suppose, by the movie business as a means of celebrating the importance of Hollywood to this industry; (32) ____, it was first constructed in 1923 as a means of advertising homes for sale in a 500-acre housing subdivision in a part of Loa Angeles called "Hollywood’. The sign that was constructed at the time, of course, said "Hollywood". Over the years, people began referring to the area by the shortened version "Hollywood" and after the sign and its site (33) ____ to the city in 1945, the last four letters were removed.

    The sign supported from years of disrepair, and in 1973 it needed to be completely replaced, at a cost of $27,700 per letter. Various celebrities were instrumental in helping to raise needed funds. Rock star Alice Cooper, for example, sought "O" in memory of Groucho Marx, and Hugh Hefner of playboy fame held a benefit party to (34) ____ the money for the "Y”. The construction of the new sign was finally completed in 1978.

(34) ____

The option that best completes (2) is ....

The text below has incomplete sentences. Choose the one word or phrase from each number that best completes the sentences.
 

    Bullying behavior, broadly described as intimidating or harassing another person through physical or verbal assaults and insults, can begin at any age, but it seems to be a particular problem among children and adolescents. (51) ____ it is usually a one-on-one behavior, bullying also has a broader social impact. Victims may feel humiliated, and thus (52) ____ in their peer group, while bullies may feel (53) ____ a position of superiority in the same group. Bullying behavior can continue into adulthood, although by that time it may be regarded as criminal behavior and result (54) ____ legal action (e.g. charges of "assault and battery").

    The social stratification (55) ____ bullying is often a precursor of adult behavior. Children who are bullies may continue to intimidate, or to try to intimidate, their peers

(56) ____ they are adults. Other adults learn to cope with (57) ____ behavior, either by standing up to it and challenging the bully or by ignoring the behavior and avoiding the bully. Adult society (58) ____ bullies and victims in different social groups.

(59) ____ techniques for dealing with bullies is part of (60) ____ task of schools to create a safe environment for all children and to teach acceptable social behavior.

Adapted from http://connection.ebscohost.com/education/bullying-school/definition-bullying-schools Accessed March 16,2014

(60) ____

Bacalah teks di bawah ini untuk menjawab pertanyaan nomor 40- 45!

    Many historical linguist are able to (40) ____ modern complex languages back to earlier languages, but in order to answer the question of how complex languages are actually formed, the researcher needs to observe how languages are started from scratch. To find out how grammar is created, someone needs to be present at the time of a language's creation, documenting its emergence. However, this is possible.

    Some of most recent languages evolved (41) ____ the Atlantic slave trade. At this time, slaves from a number of different ethnicities were forced to work together under colonizer's rule. Since they had no opportunity to learn each other's languages, they developed a make-shift language called pidgin. Pidgins are strings of words copied from the languages of the landowner. They have little in the way of grammar, and in many cases it is difficult for a listener to (42) ____ when an event happened, and who did what to whom. Speakers need to use circumlocution in order to make their meaning understood. (43) ____, however, all it takes for a pidgin to become a complex language is for a group of children to be exposed to it when they learn their mother tongue. Slave children did not simply copy the strings of words uttered by their elders, they adapted mother words to create a new, expressive language. Complex grammar systems which emerge from pidgins are termed creoles, and they are (44) ____ by children.

    Some linguist believe that many most established languages were creoles at first. The English past tense -ed ending may have evolved from the verb 'do’. ‘It ended' may once have been ‘It end-did’. Thus, it would appear that even the most widespread languages were partly created by children. Children appear to have innate grammatical mechanism in their brains, which emerges when they are first trying to make sense of the world near them. Their minds can serve to create logical, complex structures, even when there is no grammar present for them to copy.

(40) ____

The text below has incomplete sentences. Choose the one word or phrase from each number that best completes the sentences.
 

    Bullying behavior, broadly described as intimidating or harassing another person through physical or verbal assaults and insults, can begin at any age, but it seems to be a particular problem among children and adolescents. (51) ____ it is usually a one-on-one behavior, bullying also has a broader social impact. Victims may feel humiliated, and thus (52) ____ in their peer group, while bullies may feel (53) ____ a position of superiority in the same group. Bullying behavior can continue into adulthood, although by that time it may be regarded as criminal behavior and result (54) ____ legal action (e.g. charges of "assault and battery").

    The social stratification (55) ____ bullying is often a precursor of adult behavior. Children who are bullies may continue to intimidate, or to try to intimidate, their peers

(56) ____ they are adults. Other adults learn to cope with (57) ____ behavior, either by standing up to it and challenging the bully or by ignoring the behavior and avoiding the bully. Adult society (58) ____ bullies and victims in different social groups.

(59) ____ techniques for dealing with bullies is part of (60) ____ task of schools to create a safe environment for all children and to teach acceptable social behavior.

Adapted from http://connection.ebscohost.com/education/bullying-school/definition-bullying-schools Accessed March 16,2014

(58) ____

Bacalah teks di bawah ini untuk menjawab pertanyaan nomor 40- 45!

    Many historical linguist are able to (40) ____ modern complex languages back to earlier languages, but in order to answer the question of how complex languages are actually formed, the researcher needs to observe how languages are started from scratch. To find out how grammar is created, someone needs to be present at the time of a language's creation, documenting its emergence. However, this is possible.

    Some of most recent languages evolved (41) ____ the Atlantic slave trade. At this time, slaves from a number of different ethnicities were forced to work together under colonizer's rule. Since they had no opportunity to learn each other's languages, they developed a make-shift language called pidgin. Pidgins are strings of words copied from the languages of the landowner. They have little in the way of grammar, and in many cases it is difficult for a listener to (42) ____ when an event happened, and who did what to whom. Speakers need to use circumlocution in order to make their meaning understood. (43) ____, however, all it takes for a pidgin to become a complex language is for a group of children to be exposed to it when they learn their mother tongue. Slave children did not simply copy the strings of words uttered by their elders, they adapted mother words to create a new, expressive language. Complex grammar systems which emerge from pidgins are termed creoles, and they are (44) ____ by children.

    Some linguist believe that many most established languages were creoles at first. The English past tense -ed ending may have evolved from the verb 'do’. ‘It ended' may once have been ‘It end-did’. Thus, it would appear that even the most widespread languages were partly created by children. Children appear to have innate grammatical mechanism in their brains, which emerges when they are first trying to make sense of the world near them. Their minds can serve to create logical, complex structures, even when there is no grammar present for them to copy.

(42) ____