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UTBK/SNBT Bahasa Inggris: Pertanyaan, Jawaban, Latihan Soal & Pembahasan

Urutkan

Matahari M

03 Februari 2022 15:56

The impacts of electronic commerce in a developing country can be helpful rather than detrimental. Electronic commerce has the potential to tie developing countries into the rest of the world so they are no longer considered outsiders. For examples, electronic commerce can enable more people to access products and services that once were not available. Another benefit is that electronic commerce stores are available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. As the infrastructure for electronic commerce keeps growing, services that were not offered in the past become available. Many of these benefits have not been proven yet, but the technology is now available, and developing countries are looking forward to these benefits. The high cost of technology may still be detrimental in many developing countries; however, the constant innovation of software and hardware will hopefully reduce these costs. Consumer in developing countries can benefit from electronic commerce because they can buy product that could only be found in major cosmopolitan cities. Electronic commerce is closing the gap between the countries that have wide availability of products and those with limited availability. The basic purpose of electronic commerce is to provide goods and services to consumers who do not live close to the physical location of the product or service and would otherwise have a hard time acquiring these products and services. Society and consumers alike have only begun to enjoy the benefits of electronic commerce. Since new developments are made on a continuous basis, it will eventually affect every individual. Some of the benefits enjoyed by society and consumers, for example, are ease of transaction, comparability of products, quick delivery and the ability to make any type of transaction at any given time of day. Electronic commerce facilitates delivery of public and social services, such as healthcare, education and distribution of government social services at a reduced cost, improving the quality of care and living in these communities. For example, healthcare services can reach patients in rural areas. (Adapted from Lubbe, S. and J.M. van Heerden. 2003. The Economic and Social Impacts of Electronic Commerce. London: Idea Group Publishing) Which of the following is true according to the text? A. Electronic commerce guarantees product quality B. Electronic commerce develops new technology C. Electronic commerce affects rural area development D. Electronic commerce reduces the gap between countries E. Electronics commerce is subject to regional regulations

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Melati M

03 Februari 2022 15:56

Regular aerobic exercise such as walking may protect the memory center in the brain. Meanwhile, stretching exercise may cause the center called the hippocampus to shrink, the researchers reported. A study involving men and women in their mid-60 shows that walking three times a week for a year increased the volume of the hippocampus, which plays an important role in memory. On the other hand, the control participants who took stretching classes decreased in the volume of the hippocampus. The findings suggest that it is possible to evercome the age-related decline in hippocampal volume with anly moderate exercise, which leads to better fitness and perhaps to better spatial memory. The researchers noted that the volume of the hippocampus falls with age by between 1 percent and 2 percent a year, which lead to impaired memory and increased risk for dementia. However, animal research suggests that exercise reduces the loss of volume and preserves memory. To test the effect on humans, they enrolled 120 men and women in their mid-sixties and randomly assigned 60 of them to a program of aerobic walking three times a week for a year. The remaining 60 were given stretch classes three times a week and served as a control group. Their fitness and memory were tested before the intervention, again after six months, and for a last times after a year. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) of their brains were taken at the same time in order to measure the effect on the hippocampal volume. The study showed that overall the walkers had a 2 percent increase in the volume of the hippocampus, compared with an average loss of about 1,4% in the control participants. The researchers also found that improvements in fitness measured by exercise testing on a treadmill were significantly associated with increases in the volume of the hippocampus. In the other hand, the study failed to demonstrate a group effect on memory. Both groups showed signficant improvements both accuracy and speed on a standard test. The apparent lack of effect is probably a statistical thing that results from large individual differences within the groups. The analyses showed that higher aerobic fitness levels at baseline and after the one-year intervention were associated with better spatial memory perfomance. They found that change in aerobic fitness was not related to improvements in memory for either the entire sample or either group separately. On the other hand, larger hippocampi at baseline and after the intervention were associated with better memory performance. The reseachers have drawn a conclusion that aerobic exercise is neuro-protective. Starting an exercise routine later in life is then useful for either enhancing cognition or increasing brain wolume. (Source: http://www.everydayhealth.com) Which of the following best restates the idea in paragraph 5? A. Aerobic exercises influence the endurance and time of retention B. Elderly people have a similar volume of hippocampus in their brain C. Physical exercise among people increases the quality of memory in the brain D. Aerobic duration performed by the elderly strengthens their stamina and thinking E. Elderly people's memory and brain volume can be improved through routine exercise

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Mawar M

03 Februari 2022 15:56

Not all snoring is sleep apnoea, But very loud snoring, because of the obstructed airway, is sometimes a sign of it. Other symptoms are as follows; daytime sleepiness, morning headaches, high blood pressure, and abrupt awakenings or periods when someone else notices that you have stopped breathing. Untreated sleep apnoea has been linked to problems with glucose control that can lead to diabetes and with cardiovascular problems, such as an increased risk of high blood pressure. In addition, there is another potentially deadly effect traffic accidents caused by sleepy drivers. It is not clear exactly how many such crashes there are, but sleep experts in Europe estimate around 20 per cent. The concern about accidents has led a working group for the European Commission on Sleep Apnoea and Driving to recommend that the EU require drivers with sleep apnoea to get in under control, or else risk losing their licenses. The good news? "It has been demonstrated clearly now that effective treatment of sleep apnoea removes any excess risk of an auto accident," says the chairman of the working group Dr. Walter Me Nicholas, director ofthe'Pulmonary and Sleep Disorders Unit at StVincent's University Hospital in Dublin. Two decades ago, as few as four percent of men and two percent of women had sleep apnoea, but those numbers are increasing, in part because more people have risk factors for it, such as obesity, McNicholas says. Genetics factors may also play a role. "Figures in the region of five to ten per cent are now regularly talked about as prevalence figures for significant sleep apnoea,' he says. That translates to between 35 and 70 million Europeans With more cases, comes another concern. "When you consider that you diagnose such people by the monitoring of their breathing while they sleep, the the logistics of that are immense," notes McNicholas. As a result, a good deal of research is focused on ways to easily and effectively find sleep apnoea, both in sleep labs and in the home. Devices that can detect sleep patterns, or portable monitors that can track sleep while worn to bed at home, are two promising solutions. Treatment can be another story. Probably the most familiar and at the same time most com man and most effective-treatment today is CPAP, which stands for continous positive airway pressure. The system involves a small air pump, tube, and a mask that covers the nose (or nose and mouth) during sleep to direct air gently into the upper airway. The thought of sleeping with a mask for the rest of one's life certainly off-puttin to some, Puertas says. After a while, some people even develop an attachment to their device. Says McNicholas, "They actually go to bed and snuggle up with the CPAP mask". He believes it is the body's subconsious reaction to being able finally to relax and have a restiful right's sleep after months or years of untreated sleep apnoea. (Adapted from Reader's Digest) Which of the following sentences best restates ideas in paragraph 7? A. Though disturbed, eventually people with apnoea will be used to wearing CPAP B. At last, people with apnoea will have to develop themselves their own mask C. After years of using masks, people with apnoea will be able to sleep soundly D. Sadly speaking, CPAP medication will certainly take years to cure apnoea E. Fortunately, the mask will definitely be needed only during night times

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Fifa H

03 Februari 2022 15:56

There appears to be increasing numbers of children who specialize in a single sport at an early age. The lure of a college scholarship or a professional career can motivate young athletes to commit to specialized training regimens at an early age. However, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends avoiding specializing in one sport before puberty. Once puberty begins, both boys and girls go through their adolescent growth spurt (AGS). The change and the age at which they occur can have an impact on a child's sports performance. Going through this can have a significant impact on athletic performance in both positive and negative ways. Increases in body size, hormones, and muscle strength can improve athletic performance. Nevertheless, there may be a temporary decline in balance skills and body control during the AGS. Quick increases in height and weight affect the body's center of gravity. Sometimes, the brain needs to adjust to this higher observation point. As a result, a teen may seem a little clumsy. This phase is especially noticeable in sports that require good balance and body control (e.g. figure skating, diving, gymnastics, basketball). In addition, longer arms and legs can affect throwing any type of ball, hitting with a bat, catching with a glove, or swimming and jumping. Coaches that are aware of the AGS can help reduce athletic awkwardness by incorporating specific aspects of training into practice sessions. Which sentence is closest in meaning to the last sentence in paragraph 3? (A) By designing training founded on the knowledge of AGS, trainers can be more aware of possible difficulties in sports. (B) With practice that prevents children from performing awkwardly, trainers can assist children through this growth phase. (C) To help children perform With more ease, trainers should consider the effects of puberty when designing a training routine. (D) Without considering the physical changes undergone by children, trainers cannot prevent them from having difficulties when training. (E) Since identifying potential problems during children's phase of AGS is necessary to eliminate clumsiness, trainers can do this before training begins.

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Matahari M

03 Februari 2022 15:56

Indonesia's badminton squad as well as Turkey's Nesilhan Yigit have been forced to withdraw from the All England Open after being contacted by the NHS Test and Trace service. The withdrawal follows a positive test for a passenger who was on board their flight to the UK for the tournament which began in Birmingham on Wednesday. Among those out are the current men's doubles world champions Mohammad Ahsan and Hendra Setiawan and women's doubles Olympic bronze medal-winning duo Greysia Polii and Apriyani Rahayu. The sport's international federation (BWF) and Badminton England say they made "impassioned attempts" to gain exemptions for the players. However, they discovered the UK Government's legislation regarding selfisolation periods was "non-negotiable". Men's top seeds Marcus Fernaldi Gideon and Kevin Sanjaya Sukamuljo defeated England's Matthew Clare and Ethan van Leeuwen in the opening round, but the result will remain unchanged. As with all instances of an Indonesian player or pair winning a match prior to the withdrawal, their next scheduled opponent will now receive a walkover and advance to the next round. Zainudin Amali, Indonesia's sports minister, has asked the BWF to investigate the matter and suggested the decision to exclude the team is "unfair': "It wasn't their fault, but they're bearing the brunt;' he said. "I urge the (Indonesia badminton) association to take measures to question BWF and its Asia federation so that people know that we won't stand for it. We feel the injustice in our players.' Badminton England said in a statement: "We sympathise greatly with what has happened and apologise for the inconvenience caused to the Indonesian players and team entourage, and Yigit from Turkey. "We are doing the best we can within our powers, including to continue to provide a safe environment for all participants.' "As with all instances of an Indonesian player or pair winning a match prior to the withdrawal, their next scheduled opponent will now receive a walkover and advance to the next round." can be best restated by .... A. The winning team will receive a walkover in the next scheduled opponent. B. Indonesian player or pair winning before the withdrawal will receive a walkover. C. Indonesian palyers departure makes the rival for the next match automatically go to the next round. D. The team advanced in the next round withdraw from the competition. E. Winning team from Indonesia should withdraw due to a walkover given to their next sceduled opponent.

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Melati M

03 Februari 2022 15:56

Having known the benefit of seasonal detoxification, it is then important for us to know how to do it. The best way to begin a spring cleanse, and to optimize results, is to incorporate cleansing and alkalizing foods, nutrients, botanicals, and mind-body healing practice into a gentle program. Whether the cleanse lasts for three days, three weeks, or longer, these tips can help align us with the seasonal transitions. They also allow healing and transformation to spring forth naturally. According to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) philosophy, every season correlates to different elements or organs systems in the body. For example, winter correlates with the water element and the kidney/bladder system. From a Western naturopathic perspective, cold weather can put stress on your adrenal and thyroid glands. As a result, the blood becomes more acidic and there is a buildup of lactic acid. This can lead to sluggishness, muscle and joint pain and arthritis. Both Eastern and Western naturopathic medical systems agree that the transition from winter to spring offers an ideal opportunity to shed extra weight. It is also a good time to gently cleanse accumulated toxins from the body. This excess buildup can be the result of numerous factors. The main causes include unhealthy diet, poor digestion, lack of exercise, winter dehydration, normal metabolic processes, and environmental pollution. In TCM, spring corresponds to the liver and the gall bladder. A gentle spring cleanse effectively supports the liver's vital detoxification processes. It also eliminates toxins stored in organs and tissues, helps shed excess weight, alkalizes the body, and gets immune function better. A cleansing diet is the most critical component of any detoxification program. Animal protein, particularly red meat, should be minimized during a cleanse. It emphasizes on lighter, organic plant based proteins that are easier for the body to digest. Below are the critical components of a detox diet which can help improve digestion and enhance detoxification, resulting in greater energy and vitality. (Adapted from :http://in nergardensprings.com/igs-blog/a rch ives/06-2016) What is the best summary of the passage? A. To achieve the best results, a detoxification program needs to be done in between April and May. To do this, people need to combine cleansing with alkaline-based diet that relies heavily on organic foods. B. To obtain the best outcome for health, a detoxification program can only be done during winter or spring for three days up to three weeks. An effective way to do this is by combining cleansing and alkaline food with light exercises. C. Seasonal detoxification should be done during the transition from winter to spring since it is the right time to get rid of toxin, shed extra weight and alkalize the body. To do this, people should incorporate cleansing and organic plant-based diet and combine them with mind -body healing practices. D. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) philosophy believes that seasonal detoxification is a crucial practice for a holistic mind-body healing. This is because every season correlates to our body differently. According to this philosophy, our body is craving for a spring cleanse every year and we must listen to our body. E. Cleansing and alkalizing foods, nutrients, botanical and mind-body healing practices are the foundations of Traditional Chinese Medicine. To incorporate a TCM philosophy, every person must do a fast cleansing program in the spring

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Fifa H

03 Februari 2022 15:56

Most people know that eating too much dessert and processed food can contribute to physical health problems like obesity and type 2 diabetes. Far less attention has been given to the impact of a high-sugar diet on mental health though numerous studies have shown the deleterious effects a sweet tooth can have on mood, learning, and quality of life. In addition to inflating waistlines, sugar and other sweeteners may contribute to a number of mental health problems such as depression and anxiety. The roller coaster of high blood sugar followed by a crash may accentuate the symptoms of mood disorders. Research had tied heavy sugar consumption to an increased risk of depression and worse outcomes in individuals with schizophrenia. There are a couple of theories explaining the link. Sugar suppresses activities of a hormone called BDNF that is low in individuals with depression and schizophrenia. Sugar is also at the root of chronic inflammation, which impacts the immune system, the brain, and other systems in the body and also has been implicated in depression. Interestingly, countries with high sugar intake also have a high rate of depression. The Standard American Diet, which is full of sugar and fat does not necessarily cause anxiety but it does appear to worsen anxiety symptoms and impair the body's ability to cope with stress. Individuals who suffer from panic attacks, for example, are hyper alert to signs of impending danger. Sugar can cause blurry vision, difficulty in thinking, and fatigue, all of which may be interpreted as signs of a panic attack, thereby increasing worry and fear. A sugar high and subsequent crash can cause shaking and tension, which can make anxiety worse. Research has established a correlation between sugar intake and anxiety. In a 2008 study, rats that binged on sugar and then fasted displayed anxiety, and in a 2009 study rats fed sucrose compared to high-antioxidant honey were more likely to suffer anxiety. While dietary changes alone cannot cure anxiety, they can minimize symptoms, boost energy, and improve the body's ability to cope with stress. The paragraph following the passage will likely talk about .... A. Time to change diets B. Impacts of dietary changes C. How to stop sugar consumption D. Further studies on dietary changes E. Examples of diets to cope with stress

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Matahari M

03 Februari 2022 15:56

Young people have put the spotlight on mental health in Mission Australia's Youth Survey this year, naming it as one of the top three issues facing Australia. The survey found concerns about mental health across the country that have doubled alarmingly since 2011. About 22,000 young people aged 15 to 19 took part in the survey and more than 20 per cent cited mental health as among their top national issues. Alcohol and drugs were cited as the top concern, followed by equity and discrimination. Mission Australia chief executive Catherine Yeomans said concerns about mental health were at their highest level in the survey's 15-year history. "If young people are telling us that they think this is one of the top three concerns facing the nation, then we should sit up and pay attention and we should think about whether we've got the right responses in place,' she said. "Let's look at the issues and put in pro-grams that are going to suppor tyoung people.' The results did not surprise 19-year-old Savannah van der Veer, who has managed depression and ob-sessive compulsive disor-der for more than a decade. "People don't take you seriously, they just assume all children are kind of moody and unusual-they do strange things that don't make sense;' she said. "But I was really suffering and I didn't really know how to talk about it and I didn't really know that what was happening to me wasn't normal,' Miss van der Veer said she turned to her mother and counselors for support. Youth mental health group Batyr held more than 150 workshops in Australian high schools last year. The program is facilitated by young people who have experienced mental health issues. "What our programs are designed to do is to make it OK to not be OK - to show young people that there are people out there like them who are suffering and going through tough times but that we can talk about it as a group,' chief executive Sam Refshauge said. The sessions incorporate music and activities to shift negative stigma around mental health issues. (Adapted fram : http://www.abc.net.au!news/20 16-12·051 mentalhealth-top-concern-among-young-australians-survey -finds/809284) What topic does the paragraph preceding the passage most likely discuss? (A) Alcohol and drugs (B) Mental health of adults (C) Equity and discrimination (D) Mission Australia's Youth Survey (E) Mental problems faced by Australians

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Melati M

03 Februari 2022 15:55

There are numerous consequences due to illegal logging and illegal activities in the forestry sector. Revenues lost by governments caused by illegal logging results in decrease of their ability to invest in the forestry sector. This has an effect on poverty levels, primarily because of the revenue lost by governments. As a result, this reduces their financial capability as well as the programs that could be implemented to help the poor. Moreover, poor people are not in a position to influence political bodies. This keeps them from accessing the forest resource. Finally, the resource's low cost contributes to an increase in waste and provides very little incentive to buy timber harvested from forests managed in a sustainable manner. Inadequate forest law enforcement and governance in other countries can also threaten sustainable forest management. As for the direct negative consequences of illegal logging on the wood products industry, their effect is to simultaneously increase harvesting and increase the availability of timber, thus lowering the price for producers. The price decrease suffered by producers can lead to unfair competition, thus reducing the profitability of legal companies. Illegal logging is a disincentive to sustainable forest management. The illegal timber trade threatens not only the viability of legal trade, but also its reputation. Despite the negative impacts, some stakeholders might benefit from illegal forest activities, such as consumers who could benefit from lower prices and national industries that could increase their competiveness by having access to lower timber prices. Several initiatives have emerged to combat illegal logging and illegal activities in the forestry sector. Among them, it is important to mention the policy statements issued by wood producers' associations, government initiatives which range from procurement policies to the signature of memoranda of understanding between countries, and the procurement policies of major do-it-yourself centers. Other more practical solutions are being put forward to reduce illegal logging and trade. Some of those solutions relate more to timber trade. There is no doubt that forest certification is seen, for some, as a tool, among many others, that enables control over the illegal wood trade, especially when it comes to the chain of custody. Also, there are other methods presently used or put forward to help combat illegal logging and illegal trade. They include log tracking systems, legality license-based verification systems such as labeling, private and public procurement policies, international cooperation and coordination on trade statistics, information exchange on illegal logging and illegal trade, and study of possible trade-relate measures. Adapted from UNECE The paragraph following the passage will most like discuss .... A. Solution details about timber-trade-related methods B. Log certification processes for international markets C. Parties involved in studies on trade-related measures D. Examples of cases on methods in combating illegal logging E. Explanation on log tacking and license verification systems

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Mawar M

03 Februari 2022 15:55

The integration of technology and media can enhance early childhood practice. Successful integration of technology and media into early childhood programs involves the use of resources such as computers and the Internet in daily classroom practices. True integration occurs when the use of technology and media becomes routine and transparent-when the focus of a child or educator is on the activity or exploration itself and not on the technology or media being used. Technology integration has been successful when the use of technology and media supports the goals of educators and programs for children provides children with digital tools for learning and communicating and helps improve child outcomes. As the life of children, parents, families, and educators are infused with technology and media, early childhood classrooms can benefit from the possibilities of extending children's learning through judicious use of these tools. As part of the overall classroom plan, technology and interactive media should be used in ways that support existing classroom developmental and educational goals rather than in ways that distort or replace them. For example, drawing on a touch screen can add to children's graphic representational experiences; manipulating colorful acetate shapes on a light table allows children to explore color and shape. By focusing on technology and interactive media as tools-not as ends in and of themselves- teachers can avoid the passive and potentially harmful use of non interactive, linear screen media that is inappropriate in early childhood settings. Intentionality is a key to developmentally appropriate use. Exciting new resources in today's technology-rich world represent the next frontier in digital learning for our youngest citizens, leaving it to talented educators and caring adults to determine how best to leverage each new technology as an opportunity for children's learning in ways that are developmentally appropriate. (Adapted from: https://ssuu.com/naeyd docs/ ps_ technology _issuu_may20/2) How does the first sentence relate to the other sentences in paragraph 1? (A) the other sentences in paragraph 1 explain further the kinds of integration of technology and media that can be of benefits to young learners (B) the other sentences in paragraph 1 explain the impact of the integration of technology and media in early education explained in the first sentence (C) the other sentences in paragraph 1 are examples of the use of technology in education (D) the first sentence contains information that is contrary to the information in the other sentences (E) the other sentences vaguely support part of the statement in the first sentence

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Jawaban terverifikasi
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