UTBK/SNBT Bahasa Inggris: Pertanyaan, Jawaban, Latihan Soal & Pembahasan

The integration of technology and media can enhance early childhood practice. Successful integration of technology and media into early childhood programs involves the use of resources such as computers and the Internet in daily classroom practices. True integration occurs when the use of technology and media becomes routine and transparent-when the focus of a child or educator is on the activity or exploration itself and not on the technology or media being used. Technology integration has been successful when the use of technology and media supports the goals of educators and programs for children provides children with digital tools for learning and communicating and helps improve child outcomes.                 As the lives of children, parents, families, and educators are infused with technology and media, early childhood classrooms can benefit from the possibilities of extending children’s learning through judicious use of these tools. As part of the overall classroom plan, technology and interactive media should be used in ways that support existing classroom developmental and educational  goals rather than in ways that distort or replace them. For example, drawing on a touch screen can add to children’s graphic representational experiences: manipulating colorful acetate shapes on a light table allows children to explore color and shape.                 By focusing on technology and interactive media as tools-not as ends in and of themselves-teachers can avoid the passive and potentially harmful use of non-interactive, linear screen media that is inappropriate in early childhood settings. Intentionality is a key to developmentally appropriate use.                 Exciting new resources in today’s technology-rich world represent the next frontier in digital learning for our youngest citizens, leaving it to talented educators and caring adults to determine how best to leverage each new technology as an opportunity for children’s learning in ways that are developmentally appropriate. (Adapted from: https://issuu.com/naeyc/docs/ps_technology_issuu_may2012)

The author would apparently agree that…

Nowadays, our lives are practically dependent on the Information Communications Technology (ICT). Data from the Communications and Information Ministry show that Internet users in Indonesia increased from 74 million people in 2013 to 111 million in 2014. In Indonesia, Internet burst has been mainly used for accessing social media. Indonesia ranked third among countries with the highest number of Facebook users, below the U.S and India.                 The popularity of the Internet and social media unfortunately has not extended to the education sector. ICT has not become a backbone of improving the country’s competitiveness through education. The Ministry of Education and Culture recorded that only about 50 percent of the 234,919 primary and secondary schools in Indonesia had access to the Internet in mid 2014.                 Advancement of ICT should ideally be able to revolutionize education. Technology brings new sources of learning beyond teachers. Moreover, the divide between students and subjects is further narrowed by the availability of educational content through ICT. A revolution in education is also possible through ICT as students can learnt at the appropriate speed according to their capacity. Interactive digital content allows students to pick particular topics that they want to explore more. In a nutshell, there is a democratization of the learning process.                 Unfortunately, it is still a long road to revolutionize education in Indonesia through ICT. In addition to building technology infrastructure across the country’s island, ICT literacy for teachers, parents and students is also of importance. Without it, we are constrained from reaping the full benefits of ICT in education. (Adapted from: http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/08/03/new-old-tren-education.html)

Based on the passage, the word burst in line 3 means…

Nowadays, our lives are practically dependent on the Information Communications Technology (ICT). Data from the Communications and Information Ministry show that Internet users in Indonesia increased from 74 million people in 2013 to 111 million in 2014. In Indonesia, Internet burst has been mainly used for accessing social media. Indonesia ranked third among countries with the highest number of Facebook users, below the U.S and India.                 The popularity of the Internet and social media unfortunately has not extended to the education sector. ICT has not become a backbone of improving the country’s competitiveness through education. The Ministry of Education and Culture recorded that only about 50 percent of the 234,919 primary and secondary schools in Indonesia had access to the Internet in mid 2014.                 Advancement of ICT should ideally be able to revolutionize education. Technology brings new sources of learning beyond teachers. Moreover, the divide between students and subjects is further narrowed by the availability of educational content through ICT. A revolution in education is also possible through ICT as students can learnt at the appropriate speed according to their capacity. Interactive digital content allows students to pick particular topics that they want to explore more. In a nutshell, there is a democratization of the learning process.                 Unfortunately, it is still a long road to revolutionize education in Indonesia through ICT. In addition to building technology infrastructure across the country’s island, ICT literacy for teachers, parents and students is also of importance. Without it, we are constrained from reaping the full benefits of ICT in education. (Adapted from: http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/08/03/new-old-tren-education.html)

What does the passage mainly deal with?

               With the increasing concern about use and misuse of pesticides in commercial agriculture and home gardens, more and more inquiries for “organically grown” commodities are received every year. Non-chemical control practices for plant diseases have been known and recommended for years. The backbone of any integrated pest control program must always include cultural and sanitation practices, two important components of non-chemical disease control. Unfortunately, disease problems may begin as soon as seeds are planted and can continue into harvest and storage.

               Plant diseases may be caused by several different living pathogenic organisms such as fungi, bacteria, viruses. Phytoplasmas, and nematodes. In addition to these parasitic organisms, non-living factors such as deficiencies or excesses of water, light, temperatures, air pollution, pesticides, and nutrients can either presdispose a plant to disease or directly cause plant injury. Fortunately, many disease problems can be prevented or controlled without the use of pesticides.

               Effective plant disease control must begin at the onset of disease or even before symptoms appear. Several non-chemical practices that can reduce plant loss are as follows. First is resistance. Effective plant disease control through resistance (or a plant’s tolerance or immunity to a disease) is based on the knowledge of diseases known to occur in an area. Selection of resistant plants may eliminate many disease problems.

               Exclusion, another non-chemical practice, is preventing the entrance and establishment of disease causing organism (pathogens) into arcas where plants are grown. This means avoid bringing diseases into and/or moving them around in the garden. Use certified, disease-free seeds or transplants in sterilized beds or buy them from a reputable dealer. Also, avoid transporting soil or tools from knowm disease areas to disease-free areas.

               Last but not least is eradication. Eradication is the elimination of the disease-causing organism after it has become established on a plant. Eradication can be accomplished by sanitation, crop rotation, fallowing, and soil sanitation treatments.

It can be predicted based on the passage that ....

               With the increasing concern about use and misuse of pesticides in commercial agriculture and home gardens, more and more inquiries for “organically grown” commodities are received every year. Non-chemical control practices for plant diseases have been known and recommended for years. The backbone of any integrated pest control program must always include cultural and sanitation practices, two important components of non-chemical disease control. Unfortunately, disease problems may begin as soon as seeds are planted and can continue into harvest and storage.

               Plant diseases may be caused by several different living pathogenic organisms such as fungi, bacteria, viruses. Phytoplasmas, and nematodes. In addition to these parasitic organisms, non-living factors such as deficiencies or excesses of water, light, temperatures, air pollution, pesticides, and nutrients can either presdispose a plant to disease or directly cause plant injury. Fortunately, many disease problems can be prevented or controlled without the use of pesticides.

               Effective plant disease control must begin at the onset of disease or even before symptoms appear. Several non-chemical practices that can reduce plant loss are as follows. First is resistance. Effective plant disease control through resistance (or a plant’s tolerance or immunity to a disease) is based on the knowledge of diseases known to occur in an area. Selection of resistant plants may eliminate many disease problems.

               Exclusion, another non-chemical practice, is preventing the entrance and establishment of disease causing organism (pathogens) into arcas where plants are grown. This means avoid bringing diseases into and/or moving them around in the garden. Use certified, disease-free seeds or transplants in sterilized beds or buy them from a reputable dealer. Also, avoid transporting soil or tools from knowm disease areas to disease-free areas.

               Last but not least is eradication. Eradication is the elimination of the disease-causing organism after it has become established on a plant. Eradication can be accomplished by sanitation, crop rotation, fallowing, and soil sanitation treatments.

What is the best summary for the passage? 

               With the increasing concern about use and misuse of pesticides in commercial agriculture and home gardens, more and more inquiries for “organically grown” commodities are received every year. Non-chemical control practices for plant diseases have been known and recommended for years. The backbone of any integrated pest control program must always include cultural and sanitation practices, two important components of non-chemical disease control. Unfortunately, disease problems may begin as soon as seeds are planted and can continue into harvest and storage.

               Plant diseases may be caused by several different living pathogenic organisms such as fungi, bacteria, viruses. Phytoplasmas, and nematodes. In addition to these parasitic organisms, non-living factors such as deficiencies or excesses of water, light, temperatures, air pollution, pesticides, and nutrients can either presdispose a plant to disease or directly cause plant injury. Fortunately, many disease problems can be prevented or controlled without the use of pesticides.

               Effective plant disease control must begin at the onset of disease or even before symptoms appear. Several non-chemical practices that can reduce plant loss are as follows. First is resistance. Effective plant disease control through resistance (or a plant’s tolerance or immunity to a disease) is based on the knowledge of diseases known to occur in an area. Selection of resistant plants may eliminate many disease problems.

               Exclusion, another non-chemical practice, is preventing the entrance and establishment of disease causing organism (pathogens) into arcas where plants are grown. This means avoid bringing diseases into and/or moving them around in the garden. Use certified, disease-free seeds or transplants in sterilized beds or buy them from a reputable dealer. Also, avoid transporting soil or tools from knowm disease areas to disease-free areas.

               Last but not least is eradication. Eradication is the elimination of the disease-causing organism after it has become established on a plant. Eradication can be accomplished by sanitation, crop rotation, fallowing, and soil sanitation treatments.

What topic does the paragraph following the passage most likely discuss?

          The green movement is catching on in many pockets of the world. This is especially true in the construction industry. Today’s buzz words, which include global warming and zero emission, are causing everyday people to look for ways to reduce their carbon footprint. Purchasing environmentally-friendly property is a good investment for those who are concerned about their own health and the well-being of the earth. Based on this trend, entire districts, known as eco-communities, are being designed with green initiatives in mind. Dockside Green in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada is one of these communities. Its goal is to become the world’s first zero-emissions neighborhood.

          Builders of Dockside Green have the environment in mind with every choice they make. They ensure proper ventilation, and guarantee residents 100% fresh indoor air. Interior and exterior building materials, such as paints and wood, are natural and non-toxic. Eco-conscious builders use bamboo wherever possible because it is durable and does not require pesticides to grow.

          Energy efficiency is one of the top priorities in eco-communities, such as Dockside Green. Not only do energy-efficient appliances and light fixtures reduce the environmental impact of heating and hot water, they also save residents and business owners money. Dockside Green claims that home owners will use 55% less energy than average residents in Canada. Though they are sharing space by investing in condo-style living, residents will have individual utility metres. Studies show that people use approximately 20% less energy when they are billed for exactly what they use. In addition, water is treated at Dockside Green and reused on site for flushinh toilets.

          Planners of eco-communities such as Dockside Green must take the future into account. Dockside Green will reuse 90% of its construction waste. They also plan to continue using local suppliers for all of their transport and maintenance needs. This is a great way to reduce emissions. Dockside residents will be encouraged to make use of a mini transit system and buy into the community’s car share program. Finally, plans are in the works for a high-tech heating system that will use renewable biomass instead of fossil fuels.

The false idea that the author many hold about Dockside Green is that ....

          The green movement is catching on in many pockets of the world. This is especially true in the construction industry. Today’s buzz words, which include global warming and zero emission, are causing everyday people to look for ways to reduce their carbon footprint. Purchasing environmentally-friendly property is a good investment for those who are concerned about their own health and the well-being of the earth. Based on this trend, entire districts, known as eco-communities, are being designed with green initiatives in mind. Dockside Green in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada is one of these communities. Its goal is to become the world’s first zero-emissions neighborhood.

          Builders of Dockside Green have the environment in mind with every choice they make. They ensure proper ventilation, and guarantee residents 100% fresh indoor air. Interior and exterior building materials, such as paints and wood, are natural and non-toxic. Eco-conscious builders use bamboo wherever possible because it is durable and does not require pesticides to grow.

          Energy efficiency is one of the top priorities in eco-communities, such as Dockside Green. Not only do energy-efficient appliances and light fixtures reduce the environmental impact of heating and hot water, they also save residents and business owners money. Dockside Green claims that home owners will use 55% less energy than average residents in Canada. Though they are sharing space by investing in condo-style living, residents will have individual utility metres. Studies show that people use approximately 20% less energy when they are billed for exactly what they use. In addition, water is treated at Dockside Green and reused on site for flushinh toilets.

          Planners of eco-communities such as Dockside Green must take the future into account. Dockside Green will reuse 90% of its construction waste. They also plan to continue using local suppliers for all of their transport and maintenance needs. This is a great way to reduce emissions. Dockside residents will be encouraged to make use of a mini transit system and buy into the community’s car share program. Finally, plans are in the works for a high-tech heating system that will use renewable biomass instead of fossil fuels.

Which of the following best restates be sentence 'The green movement is catching in many  pockets of the world.' in line 1?

          The green movement is catching on in many pockets of the world. This is especially true in the construction industry. Today’s buzz words, which include global warming and zero emission, are causing everyday people to look for ways to reduce their carbon footprint. Purchasing environmentally-friendly property is a good investment for those who are concerned about their own health and the well-being of the earth. Based on this trend, entire districts, known as eco-communities, are being designed with green initiatives in mind. Dockside Green in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada is one of these communities. Its goal is to become the world’s first zero-emissions neighborhood.

          Builders of Dockside Green have the environment in mind with every choice they make. They ensure proper ventilation, and guarantee residents 100% fresh indoor air. Interior and exterior building materials, such as paints and wood, are natural and non-toxic. Eco-conscious builders use bamboo wherever possible because it is durable and does not require pesticides to grow.

          Energy efficiency is one of the top priorities in eco-communities, such as Dockside Green. Not only do energy-efficient appliances and light fixtures reduce the environmental impact of heating and hot water, they also save residents and business owners money. Dockside Green claims that home owners will use 55% less energy than average residents in Canada. Though they are sharing space by investing in condo-style living, residents will have individual utility metres. Studies show that people use approximately 20% less energy when they are billed for exactly what they use. In addition, water is treated at Dockside Green and reused on site for flushinh toilets.

          Planners of eco-communities such as Dockside Green must take the future into account. Dockside Green will reuse 90% of its construction waste. They also plan to continue using local suppliers for all of their transport and maintenance needs. This is a great way to reduce emissions. Dockside residents will be encouraged to make use of a mini transit system and buy into the community’s car share program. Finally, plans are in the works for a high-tech heating system that will use renewable biomass instead of fossil fuels.

By saying "Today's buzz words, which include global warming and zero/emissions, are causing everyday people look for ways yo reduce their carbon footprint.' in lines 1 - 3, the author implies that ....

           Television was once the newest technology in our homes, and then came videos and computers. Today’s children are growing up in a rapidly changing digital age that is far different from their parents. A variety of technologies are all around us in our homes, officies, and schools. When used wisely, technology and media can support learning and relationships. Enjoyable and engaging shared experiences that optimize the potential for children’s learning and development can support children’s relationships both with adults and their peers.

           Based on some evidence by research, there has never been more important time to apply principles of development and learning when considering the use of cutting-edge technologies and new media as the so-called interactive media. Interactive media refers to digital and analog materials. Including software programs, applications (apps), some children’s relevision programming, e-books, the internet, and other forms of content designed to facilitate active and creative use by young children and to encourage social engagement with other children and adults.

           When the integration of technology and interactive media in early childhood programs is built upon solid developmental foundations, and early childhood professionals are aware of both the challenges and the opportunities, educators are positioned to improve program quality by intentionally leveraging the potential of technology and media for the benefit of every child.

           This statement provides guidance for early childhood educators about the use of technology and interactive media in ways that can optimize opportunities for young children’s development. In this statement the definition of technology tools encompasses a broad range of digital devices such as computers, tablets, multi-touch screens,interactive whiteboards, mobile devices, cameras, audio recorders, electronic toys, games, e-book readers, and older analog devices still being used such as tape recorders, record and cassette players, projectors, and microscopes.

           By appropriately and intentionally using the technology of his day – broadcast television – to connect with each individual child and with parents and families, it is demonstrated the positive potential of using technology and media in ways that are grounded in principles of child development.

Which paragraph(s) illustrate(s) the importance of the technology and interactive media use that pays attention to the principles of child development?