UTBK/SNBT Bahasa Inggris: Pertanyaan, Jawaban, Latihan Soal & Pembahasan

A.D. 830: A storm sends an Indonesian trading ship drastically off course. Months later, dozens of ragged survivors make landfall on an island off the southeast coast of Africa, more than 3,000 miles from home Today, Murray Cox, a computational biologist at New Zealand Masses University, says a scenario like this may describe the gloomy origins of the first permanent settlement on Madagascar, home to about 22 milion 4 Genetic and linguistic studied suggest the islands native Malagasy people are mainly of Indonesian descent. The idea of early Indonesians traveling 3,000 miles to the island intrigued Cox. Its a surprisingly long distance to come, he says. So he used settlement simulations. Cox soon pinpointed one that would explain the una pattirns evident in Madagascar today. Surprisingly, the current papulation descends primarily from just 30 or so Indonesian women who arrived 12 centuries ago. His conclusion is supported by prior finding that about 30 percent of Malagasy have the same mitechondrial una, which is passed from mother, to child-far less diversity than in typical human populations, which share less than 2 percent. This suggests rapid, recent growtg from a very small founded populations, Cox says. computer modeling to purse the clue, running through 40 million It is unclear how Madagascars founding mothers (and the fathers who must have been with them) arrived. Cox proposed scafaring merchants throws off course, or refugees fleeing political strive; the latter could explain why women, usually not found on trade ships, were on board. Now, Cox plans to explore whether small founding groups are characteristics of other early island settlement, including Hawaii. There may be general rules for settling islands, he says Which of the following is the restatement of the sentence The idea of early Indonesians traveling 3,000 miles to the island intrigued

A.D. 830: A storm sends an Indonesian trading ship drastically off course. Months later, does of ragged survivors make landfall on an island off the southeast coast of Africa, more than 3,000 miles from home. Today, Murray Cox, a computational biologist at New Zealand Masses University, says a scenario like this may describe.the gloomy origins of the.first permanent settlement on. Madagascar, home to about 22 million people-today. linguistic studied suggest the islands native Malagasy-people are mainly of Indonesian descent. The idea of early Indonesians traveling 3,000 miles to the island intrigued Cox. Its a surprisingly long distance to come, he says. So he used computer modeling to purse the clue, running through 40 million settlement simulations. Cox soon pinpointed one that would explain the una pattern evident in Madagascar today. Surprisingly, the current papulation descends primarily from just 30 or so Indonesian women what lived 12 ceinturies ago. His conclusion is supported by prior finding that about 30 percent of Malagasy have the same mitechondrial una, which is passed from mother to child-far less diversity than in typical human populations, which share less than 2 percent. This suggests rapid, recent growtg from a very small founded populations, Cox says It is unclear how Madagascars founding mothers (and the fathers who must have been with them) arrived. Cox,proposed scafaring merchants throws off course, or refugees fleeing political strive; the latter could explain why women, usually not found on trade ships, were on board. Now, Cox plans to explore whether small founding groups are characteristics of other early island settlement, including Hawaii. Ther rules for settling islands, he save

The passage implies that Indonesian settlers in Madagascar most.probably

A.D 830: A storm sends an Indonesian trading ship drastically off course. Months later, dozens of ragged survivors make landfall en an island off the southeast coast of Africa, more than 3,000,miles from home. Today, Murray Cox, a computational biologist at New Zealand Masses University, says a scenario like this may describe.the gloomy origins of the first permanent settlement on. Madagascar, home to about 22 million 2 people today. Genetic and linguistic studied suggest the islands native Malagasypeople are mainly of Indonesian descent. The idea of early Indonesians traveling 3,000 miles to the island intrigued. Cox. Its a surprisingly long distance to come, he says. So he used computer modeling to purse the clue, running through 40 million settlement simulations. Cox soon pinpointed one that would explain the una pattern evident in Madagascar today. Surprisingly, the current populations descends primarily from just 30 or so Indonesian women who arrived 12 centuries ago. His conclusion is supported by prior finding that about 30 percent of Malagasy have the same mitechondrial una, which is passed from mother to child-far less diversity than in typical hum populations, which share less than 2 percent. This suggests rapid, recent growtg from a very small founded populations, Cox says. It is unclear how Madagascars founding mothers (and the fathers who must have been with them) arrived. Cox proposed seafaring merchants throws off course, or refugees fleeing political strive, the latter could oxplain why women, usually not found on trade ships, were on board. Now, Cox plans to explore whether small founding groups are characteristics of other early island settlement, including Hawaii. There may be general rules for settling islands, he says

In presenting the ideas, the author starts by

Over this decades, employment in jobs requiring educattion beyond a high school diploma will grow more rapidly than employment in jobs that do not; of the 30 fastest growing occupations, more than half require post- secondary educattion. With the averaged earnings of college graduate at a level that is twice as high as that of workers with only a high school diploma, higher educattion is now the cleares (31)... into the middle class In higher educattion, the U.S. has been outpaced internationally. While the United States ranks ninth in the world in the propoition of young adults enroled in college, we have fallen to i6th in the world in our. share of certificates and degrees awarded to. adults ages 25-34 lagging behind Korean, Canada, Japan and other nations. While more than half of college students graduate within six years, the (32).. for low-income students is arounel-25 percent. Acknowledging these factory early in his administration, President-Obama challenged every America to that America would once commit to at least one year of higher educattion or post-secondary training. (33) again have the highest propostion of college eraduates in the world by 2020 33.

The option that best completes (33) is...

Over this decades, employment in jobs requiring educattion beyond a high school diploma will grow more rapidly than employment in jobs that do not; of the 30 fastest growing occupations, more than half require post secondary educattion. With the averaged earnings of college graduate at a level that is twice as high as that of workers with only a high school diploma, higher educattion is now the cleares (31).. into the middle class In higher educattion, the U.S. has been outpaced internationally. While the United States ranks ninth in the world in the propotion of young adults enroled in college, we have fallen to 16th-in the world in our share of certificates and degrees awarded to. adults ages 25-34 lagging behind Korean, Canada, Japan and other nations. While more than.help of college students graduate within six years, the (32) .. for low-income students is around-25 percent. Acknowledging these factory early in his administration, President Obama challenged every America to commit to at least one year of higher educattion or.post-secondary training. (33).. that America would once again have the highest propoption of college graduate in the world by 2020 32.

The option that best completes (32) is

Over this decades, employment in jobs requiring educattion beyond a high school diploma will grow more rapidly than employment in jobs that do not; of the 30 fastest growing occupations, more than half require post secondary educattion. With the averaged earnings of college graduate at a level that is twice as high as that of workers with only a high school diploma, higher educattion is now the cleares (31)... into the middle class In higher educattion, the U.S. has been outpaced internationally. While the United States ranks ninth in the world in the propojtion of young adults enroled in college, we have fallen to 16th-in the world in our share of certificates and degrees awarded to. adults ages 25-34lagging behind Korean, Canada, Japan and other nations. While more than half of college students graduate within six years, the (32).. for low-income students is around-25 percent. Acknowledging these factory early in his administration, President-Obama challenged every America to commit to at least one year of higher educattion or.post-secondary training. (3) .. that America would once again have the highest proportion of college graduate in the world by 2020 31.

The option that best completes (31) is...

Last populations of microbes live between four and six miles above the Earth surface in an atmospheric y might be living at those altitude and feasting one considered at best a pretty unpleasant location for life. i according to a new study. seem to mirror the type of bus on the surface. When the aircraft flew over the ocean, the filter caught marine heights through the same processed that send sea salt and dust into the hair on carbon compound that help warm the plant, or perhaps they were launched up there by hair currents Researchers found 17 diff event bacteria taxi. Oa averaged, 20 percent of the small particles in the upper atmosphere are living bacteria cells. Bacteria greatly outnumber fungi in the atraosphere. The bus ia the hair bacteria, and when they were over land, they found terrestrial microbes. The bacteria lively reach such great Some of the bacteria use carbon cempounds in the atmosphere, suggesting they might be able to survive there long-term. What is especially interesting about this is the potential impact microscopic creatures may have er. Clouds are collection of liquid or frozen droplets that co on ou piece of dust or a grain of salt. But nuclei could be made from bacteria, too. Some types of bacteria promoted the formation of ice droplets or of freezing\

It is assumed that bacteria in the atmosphere..

Did you ride your like to school when you were a kid? A generation ago most kids rode, walked or caught the bus to school; very few of us were dropped off by our parents at the school gate. These days most of us have experienced the daily traffic jams around school at drop-off and pick-up times, as parents drive their children to the school gate. While there is no national data on the number of children who walk or ride to school, a recent Victorian survey found early half of all children are driven to school every day.

Parents choose to drop their kids at school for a number of reasons ..... mostly to do with safety and convenience. But experts say chauffeuring your kids to school every day could mean they are missing out on much-needed exercise and other life skills.

Reasearch suggests at least a third of Australian children aged 9-16 years are not getting the amount of daily physical activity recommended in national guidelines. But this is not because children participation in leisure or potting activities has dropped off, says Dr Can Garrard. Participation in these activities has not altered much over he years, Garrard says but what has changed is the level of incidental activity children do. "When you look at countries where children are just active as part of everyday life, they do not have to be sports. All they have to do is to get around the way the community get around by walking and cycling, and they get enough physical activity," she says.

The author develops some ideas in paragraph 2 by ......

Agroecologists do not always agree about what agroecology is or should be in the long-term. Different definitions of the term agroecology can be distinguished largely by the specificity with which one defines the them "ecology," as well as the term's potential political connotations. Definitions of agroecology, therefore, may be first grouped according to the specific contexts within which they situate agriculture. Agroecology is defined as "the study of the relation of agricultural crops and environment." This definition refers to the "-ecology" part of "agroecology" narrowly as the nahiral environment. Following this definition, an agroecologist would study agriculture's various relationship with soil health, water quality, air quality, meso- and micro-sauna, surrounding flora, environmental, toxins, and other environmental contexs.

A more common definition of the word can be taken from Dalgaard et al., who refer to agroecology as the study of the interaction between plants, animals, humans, and the environment within agricultural systems. Consequently, agroecology is inherently multidisciplinary, including factors from agronomy, ecology, sociology, economics and relate disciplines. In this case, the "ecology" portion of "agroecology" is defined broadly to include social, cultural, and economic contexts as well.

In the global south, the term often carries overtly political connotations. Such political definitions of the term usually ascribe to it the goals of social and economic justice; special attention, in this case, is often paid to the traditional farming knowledge of indigenous populations. North American and European uses of the term sometimes avoid the inclusion of such overtly political goals. In these cases, agroecology is seen more strictly as a scientific discipline with less specific social goals.

Regarding the definition of agroecology, the author assumes that it .....

Agroecologists do not always agree about what agroecology is or should be in the long-term. Different definitions of the term agroecology can be distinguished largely by the specificity with which one defines the them "ecology," as well as the term's potential political connotations. Definitions of agroecology, therefore, may be first grouped according to the specific contexts within which they situate agriculture. Agroecology is defined as "the study of the relation of agricultural crops and environment." This definition refers to the "-ecology" part of "agroecology" narrowly as the nahiral environment. Following this definition, an agroecologist would study agriculture's various relationship with soil health, water quality, air quality, meso- and micro-sauna, surrounding flora, environmental, toxins, and other environmental contexs.

A more common definition of the word can be taken from Dalgaard et al., who refer to agroecology as the study of the interaction between plants, animals, humans, and the environment within agricultural systems. Consequently, agroecology is inherently multidisciplinary, including factors from agronomy, ecology, sociology, economics and relate disciplines. In this case, the "ecology" portion of "agroecology" is defined broadly to include social, cultural, and economic contexts as well.

In the global south, the term often carries overtly political connotations. Such political definitions of the term usually ascribe to it the goals of social and economic justice; special attention, in this case, is often paid to the traditional farming knowledge of indigenous populations. North American and European uses of the term sometimes avoid the inclusion of such overtly political goals. In these cases, agroecology is seen more strictly as a scientific discipline with less specific social goals.

Based on the passage above, if someone is a genuine agroecologist, he/she will likely .....