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UTBK/SNBT Bahasa Inggris: Pertanyaan, Jawaban, Latihan Soal & Pembahasan

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Diandra D

26 Januari 2022 01:36

The bailout of the Chrysler Corporation by the federal government in 1979 was widely hailed as a success. Four years later Chrysler was profitable again, and proponents of the aimed that it had saved Chrysler from bankruptcy without costing the taxpayers one penny. But a closer examination of the facts of the case leads to a more complicated picture. In 1979 Chrysler was on the verge of bankruptcy. Thousands of workers had been laid off, creditors were unpaid and the senior management appealed to the administration of Jimmy Carter to provide more than 1 billion in tax rebates. The administration's proposal, however, was not for direct tax relief but rather for federal loan guarantees, which administration officials were initially estimating at a value of $750 million but which ultimately totaled more than $1.2 billion. When in 983 Chrysler was profitable again, supporters of the ballout claimed that the taxpayers had saved Crysler from bankruptcy without having spent a dime, since the federal government had not had to pay for any defaulted loans. Chrysler is supposed to pay the government the difference between the guaranteed rate the loans carry and the rate they would have carried had they been issued without the government guarantee. This is, however, not entirely the case. In the early 1980s Chrysler was allowed, under the terms of the bailout, to issue federally guaranteed bonds at a rate of 10.35 %. The Ford Motor Company, by contrast, was in better shape than Chrysler at the time, but was forced to issue bonds with a rate of %. It would seem then that Chrysler should have been paying the government a guarantee of at least 4%; in reality, however, Chrysler was only paying the government a guarantee of 1%. Further, he loss of jobs from cuts at Chrysler would have resulted in a reduction of payroll paxes to the federal government. 8. The author of the passage most likely considers the Chrysler bailout to be .... A. a model for future government interventions B. a warning to those who would support planned economies C. an example of an unsuccessful government bailout D. more costly than its supporters suggest E. a political decision that was unfair to the Ford Motor Company

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Jongdi J

26 Januari 2022 01:36

The bailout of the Chrysler Corporation by the federal government in 1979 was widely hailed as a success. Four years later Chrysler was profitable again, and proponents of the aimed that it had saved Chrysler from bankruptcy without costing the taxpayers one penny. But a closer examination of the facts of the case leads to a more complicated picture. In 1979 Chrysler was on the verge of bankruptcy. Thousands of workers had been laid off, creditors were unpaid and the senior management appealed to the administration of Jimmy Carter to provide more than 1 billion in tax rebates. The administration's proposal, however, was not for direct tax relief but rather for federal loan guarantees, which administration officials were initially estimating at a value of $750 million but which ultimately totaled more than $1.2 billion. When in 983 Chrysler was profitable again, supporters of the ballout claimed that the taxpayers had saved Crysler from bankruptcy without having spent a dime, since the federal government had not had to pay for any defaulted loans. Chrysler is supposed to pay the government the difference between the guaranteed rate the loans carry and the rate they would have carried had they been issued without the government guarantee. This is, however, not entirely the case. In the early 1980s Chrysler was allowed, under the terms of the bailout, to issue federally guaranteed bonds at a rate of 10.35 %. The Ford Motor Company, by contrast, was in better shape than Chrysler at the time, but was forced to issue bonds with a rate of %. It would seem then that Chrysler should have been paying the government a guarantee of at least 4%; in reality, however, Chrysler was only paying the government a guarantee of 1%. Further, he loss of jobs from cuts at Chrysler would have resulted in a reduction of payroll paxes to the federal government. 7. The passage suggests which of the following about the Ford Motor Company? A. It is a larger corporation than Chrysler. B. it currently is more profitable than Chrysler. C. It faced similar chal lenges to those Chrysler faced in the 1980s. D. It was handicapped by the high price of loans. E. It was more financially sound than was Chrysler in the early 1980s.

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Okedia O

26 Januari 2022 01:36

The bailout of the Chrysler Corporation by the federal government in 1979 was widely hailed as a success. Four years later Chrysler was profitable again, and proponents of the aimed that it had saved Chrysler from bankruptcy without costing the taxpayers one penny. But a closer examination of the facts of the case leads to a more complicated picture. In 1979 Chrysler was on the verge of bankruptcy. Thousands of workers had been laid off, creditors were unpaid and the senior management appealed to the administration of Jimmy Carter to provide more than 1 billion in tax rebates. The administration's proposal, however, was not for direct tax relief but rather for federal loan guarantees, which administration officials were initially estimating at a value of $750 million but which ultimately totaled more than $1.2 billion. When in 983 Chrysler was profitable again, supporters of the ballout claimed that the taxpayers had saved Crysler from bankruptcy without having spent a dime, since the federal government had not had to pay for any defaulted loans. Chrysler is supposed to pay the government the difference between the guaranteed rate the loans carry and the rate they would have carried had they been issued without the government guarantee. This is, however, not entirely the case. In the early 1980s Chrysler was allowed, under the terms of the bailout, to issue federally guaranteed bonds at a rate of 10.35 %. The Ford Motor Company, by contrast, was in better shape than Chrysler at the time, but was forced to issue bonds with a rate of %. It would seem then that Chrysler should have been paying the government a guarantee of at least 4%; in reality, however, Chrysler was only paying the government a guarantee of 1%. Further, he loss of jobs from cuts at Chrysler would have resulted in a reduction of payroll paxes to the federal government. 6. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with which of the following? A. Arguing against federal bailouts of private Companies B. Discussing the reasons for the bailout's failure C. Challenging the view that the bailout did not cost the federal government money D. Exploring the economics oi government intervention in the economy E. Making the case that Chrysler is not a successful company

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Bella B

26 Januari 2022 01:36

The bailout of the Chrysler Corporation by the federal government in 1979 was widely hailed as a success. Four years later Chrysler was profitable again, and proponents of the aimed that it had saved Chrysler from bankruptcy without costing the taxpayers one penny. But a closer examination of the facts of the case leads to a more complicated picture. In 1979 Chrysler was on the verge of bankruptcy. Thousands of workers had been laid off, creditors were unpaid and the senior management appealed to the administration of Jimmy Carter to provide more than 1 billion in tax rebates. The administration's proposal, however, was not for direct tax relief but rather for federal loan guarantees, which administration officials were initially estimating at a value of $750 million but which ultimately totaled more than $1.2 billion. When in 983 Chrysler was profitable again, supporters of the ballout claimed that the taxpayers had saved Crysler from bankruptcy without having spent a dime, since the federal government had not had to pay for any defaulted loans. Chrysler is supposed to pay the government the difference between the guaranteed rate the loans carry and the rate they would have carried had they been issued without the government guarantee. This is, however, not entirely the case. In the early 1980s Chrysler was allowed, under the terms of the bailout, to issue federally guaranteed bonds at a rate of 10.35 %. The Ford Motor Company, by contrast, was in better shape than Chrysler at the time, but was forced to issue bonds with a rate of %. It would seem then that Chrysler should have been paying the government a guarantee of at least 4%; in reality, however, Chrysler was only paying the government a guarantee of 1%. Further, he loss of jobs from cuts at Chrysler would have resulted in a reduction of payroll paxes to the federal government. 5. The purpose of the second paragraph is to .... A. provide an historical overview of a case B. offer insight into the strategies of Chrysler's management C. argue for the success of bailout D. give a context for why the bailout failed E. argue against federal bai louts of private companies

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Diandra D

26 Januari 2022 01:36

Recent investigations into how children acquire knowledge about the outside world have produced agreement on one point. Children are not the blank slates imagined by philosophes since Descartes according to leading cognitive scientists, it appears that children possess some form of innate understanding about the physical world and its concepts, such as force, heat, matter, and weight. But while scientists agree that there is some sort of initial ramework present in the minds of children through which observations about the outside world are filtered and then interpreted, there is considerable disagreement over how to characterize and describe these structures. Some research suggests that children's innate knowledge is comprised of a number of abstract phenomenological principles. These principles provide abstractions of common events which a child can use to draw conclusions about the outside world. For example, a child might possess an inherent understanding of the force of gravity, which is represented in tile child's mind by a basic principle : if something is not supported, it falls. From this simple principle, the child can then make a number of suppositions about how gravity works on objects in the world around him. Other researchers be ieve that a child's mind comes equipped with a number of basic theories about common physical domains. These theories restrict both the type and number of viable inferences a child makes about the world, although these initial theories may then be amended by culturally acquired knowledge. Experiments have shown that when asked about the shape of the earth, very young children visualize it as a flat surface, usually a square or disc, resting on some form of support, with the inhabitants living on "top" of the surface. Such a perspective would be consistent with a child's basic experiences of the world. However, older children accurately describe the earth as a sphere floating in space, a picture that contradicts our intuitions about objects but is in accordance with the culturally and scientifically accepted views of the earth. Tellingly, none of the children in the experiment pictured the earth as a pyramid, a point, a line, or any of a number of other possible geometric forms. 4. The author of the passage mentions "a pyramid, a point, a line, or any of a number of other possible geometric forms" most likely in order to ... . A. support an earlier assertion about the nature of certain mental models B. describe several other possible ways of visualizing the earth C. indicate how children who lacked an inherent theory about the world would respond D. question the validity of the experiment used by researchers E. suggest an area of further research into the way children perceive the earth

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Jongdi J

26 Januari 2022 01:36

Recent investigations into how children acquire knowledge about the outside world have produced agreement on one point. Children are not the blank slates imagined by philosophes since Descartes according to leading cognitive scientists, it appears that children possess some form of innate understanding about the physical world and its concepts, such as force, heat, matter, and weight. But while scientists agree that there is some sort of initial ramework present in the minds of children through which observations about the outside world are filtered and then interpreted, there is considerable disagreement over how to characterize and describe these structures. Some research suggests that children's innate knowledge is comprised of a number of abstract phenomenological principles. These principles provide abstractions of common events which a child can use to draw conclusions about the outside world. For example, a child might possess an inherent understanding of the force of gravity, which is represented in tile child's mind by a basic principle : if something is not supported, it falls. From this simple principle, the child can then make a number of suppositions about how gravity works on objects in the world around him. Other researchers be ieve that a child's mind comes equipped with a number of basic theories about common physical domains. These theories restrict both the type and number of viable inferences a child makes about the world, although these initial theories may then be amended by culturally acquired knowledge. Experiments have shown that when asked about the shape of the earth, very young children visualize it as a flat surface, usually a square or disc, resting on some form of support, with the inhabitants living on "top" of the surface. Such a perspective would be consistent with a child's basic experiences of the world. However, older children accurately describe the earth as a sphere floating in space, a picture that contradicts our intuitions about objects but is in accordance with the culturally and scientifically accepted views of the earth. Tellingly, none of the children in the experiment pictured the earth as a pyramid, a point, a line, or any of a number of other possible geometric forms. 3. The passage suggests that the "basic theories" possessed by children ... . A. are not necessarily immutable B. are eventually abandoned C. are soon replaced by cultural lessons D. are restricted to a few domains E. are learned responses to the world

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Okedia O

26 Januari 2022 01:36

Recent investigations into how children acquire knowledge about the outside world have produced agreement on one point. Children are not the blank slates imagined by philosophes since Descartes according to leading cognitive scientists, it appears that children possess some form of innate understanding about the physical world and its concepts, such as force, heat, matter, and weight. But while scientists agree that there is some sort of initial ramework present in the minds of children through which observations about the outside world are filtered and then interpreted, there is considerable disagreement over how to characterize and describe these structures. Some research suggests that children's innate knowledge is comprised of a number of abstract phenomenological principles. These principles provide abstractions of common events which a child can use to draw conclusions about the outside world. For example, a child might possess an inherent understanding of the force of gravity, which is represented in tile child's mind by a basic principle : if something is not supported, it falls. From this simple principle, the child can then make a number of suppositions about how gravity works on objects in the world around him. Other researchers be ieve that a child's mind comes equipped with a number of basic theories about common physical domains. These theories restrict both the type and number of viable inferences a child makes about the world, although these initial theories may then be amended by culturally acquired knowledge. Experiments have shown that when asked about the shape of the earth, very young children visualize it as a flat surface, usually a square or disc, resting on some form of support, with the inhabitants living on "top" of the surface. Such a perspective would be consistent with a child's basic experiences of the world. However, older children accurately describe the earth as a sphere floating in space, a picture that contradicts our intuitions about objects but is in accordance with the culturally and scientifically accepted views of the earth. Tellingly, none of the children in the experiment pictured the earth as a pyramid, a point, a line, or any of a number of other possible geometric forms. 2. Which of the following is most similar to the "suppositions" a child might make about the world around him as detailed in the passage? A. Because a child knows that an object that is not supported will fall, he infers that a certain stool will not be strong enough to hold his weight. B. Because the child knows that she can walk on the floor, she deduces that she will not be able to walk on the ground. C. Because a child knows that some objects are heavier than others, he concludes that he will be able to lift a small stone but not a large rock. D. Because a child knows that a thrown object will fall back to earth, she realizes that she will break a window if she throws a baseball. E. Because a child knows that a hot object is dangerous to touch, he figures out that raw food can be cooked on a stove

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Bella B

26 Januari 2022 01:36

Recent investigations into how children acquire knowledge about the outside world have produced agreement on one point. Children are not the blank slates imagined by philosophes since Descartes according to leading cognitive scientists, it appears that children possess some form of innate understanding about the physical world and its concepts, such as force, heat, matter, and weight. But while scientists agree that there is some sort of initial ramework present in the minds of children through which observations about the outside world are filtered and then interpreted, there is considerable disagreement over how to characterize and describe these structures. Some research suggests that children's innate knowledge is comprised of a number of abstract phenomenological principles. These principles provide abstractions of common events which a child can use to draw conclusions about the outside world. For example, a child might possess an inherent understanding of the force of gravity, which is represented in tile child's mind by a basic principle : if something is not supported, it falls. From this simple principle, the child can then make a number of suppositions about how gravity works on objects in the world around him. Other researchers be ieve that a child's mind comes equipped with a number of basic theories about common physical domains. These theories restrict both the type and number of viable inferences a child makes about the world, although these initial theories may then be amended by culturally acquired knowledge. Experiments have shown that when asked about the shape of the earth, very young children visualize it as a flat surface, usually a square or disc, resting on some form of support, with the inhabitants living on "top" of the surface. Such a perspective would be consistent with a child's basic experiences of the world. However, older children accurately describe the earth as a sphere floating in space, a picture that contradicts our intuitions about objects but is in accordance with the culturally and scientifically accepted views of the earth. Tellingly, none of the children in the experiment pictured the earth as a pyramid, a point, a line, or any of a number of other possible geometric forms. 1. The author's primary purpose is to .... A. describe a new theory of cognitive development in children B. present evidence that proves a recent theory correct C. resolve a contradiction between two competing theories D. advocate for further research into an important scientific field E. detail two possible ways to define certain theorized traits

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Diandra D

26 Januari 2022 01:36

Globalization is a subject often talked about today, and no writing can be expected to adequately cover every part of it. However, any aspect of society can be divided into component parts and in analyzing the relative worth of globalization, the four most contentious areas are worth examining. To begin, we need a definition of "globalization", both academically and in the personal effects on our lives. Academically, the term refers to the growing internationalization of the world's economies, financial markets, people and populations, as well as internationalization of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods. Looking at this in a more personal sense, globalization means activities such as watching foreign films, wearing American fashion, buying international brands, eating food in different ethnic restaurants or in fast food chains. It means living in multi-cultural societies, investing in international markets, using the internet, or traveling to other countries for work, study, or pleasure. Globalization is truly touching on the lives of almost everyone on earth. One controversial issue is whether globalization is actually "Americanization" that is, a means by which America can spread economic and cultural dominance. "Globalization is certainly bringing changes to the country it reaches, but perhaps change is an essential and natural part of life. We could say that the fact that American products are successful in world markets simply shows that they are well-made, and see nothing more to it than that. However, we could also say that the whole world seems to drink Coca-Cola, watch American TV dramas, and eat at American fast food restaurants. Especially in fi lm, music, and television, there is an overwhelming and growing dominance of US products, mostly at the expense of local economies and culture. The next issue is whether globalization causes inequality. On the one hand, there is evidence that inequalities in global income and poverty are decreasing, as shown by the rise in income and living standards in China. The actual countries that are becoming. Poorer are those that are not open to world trade, such as many nations in Africa. But there is equal evidence that this gap between the rich and the poor, among nations and within nations, is increasing. Market forces give the rich the power to add further to their wealth. Large corporations invest in poorer countries not particularly to help them, but instead so they can make greater profits from lower wage levels, often exploiting the country, and ultimately leaving it more debt-ridden than even before. The role of the internet is also open to debate. English, for example, is the main language of the internet because it is the rich English-speaking countries generating most of the content. Perhaps then, the internet has become a method of cultural takeover, in which Western values dominate and try to intrude upon other legitimate ways of thinking. Contrasting this completely, many people within developing countries see the internet as an opportunity to obtain knowledge and communication from around the world in a way that, before, they would have not thought possible. This gives chances for economic development in many industries, such as tourism-and this is very important in developing countries such as Thailand. The environmental impact of global ization is perhaps the biggest bone of contention. Being connected to the world economy contributes to environmental improvements in some ways. It helps knowledge-sharing, which in tum increases some incomes and improves property-rights, the latter resulting in regulating the distribution and use of agricultural lands more efficiently. Yet, multinational companies have a poor record in environmental protection. Notoriously, industries such as forestry, mining, and fishing, often exploit the many natural resources of poor countries, showing little regard to the long term cost, as in the case of New Guinea and Indonesia. The companies take advantage of less stringent protection policy, which may result in the loss, through rampant and one-sided economic development, of an irreplaceable national treasure. 12. Accordi ng to the passage, all of the following is true about globalization , EXCEPT ... A. Countries affected by globalization changes significantly. B. Globalization helps close the gap between rich and developing countries. C. Working abroad is one of the many examples of globalization. D. Globalization inspires economic improvement through tourism. E. No one wants global izations effect their own culture.

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Jongdi J

26 Januari 2022 01:36

Globalization is a subject often talked about today, and no writing can be expected to adequately cover every part of it. However, any aspect of society can be divided into component parts and in analyzing the relative worth of globalization, the four most contentious areas are worth examining. To begin, we need a definition of "globalization", both academically and in the personal effects on our lives. Academically, the term refers to the growing internationalization of the world's economies, financial markets, people and populations, as well as internationalization of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods. Looking at this in a more personal sense, globalization means activities such as watching foreign films, wearing American fashion, buying international brands, eating food in different ethnic restaurants or in fast food chains. It means living in multi-cultural societies, investing in international markets, using the internet, or traveling to other countries for work, study, or pleasure. Globalization is truly touching on the lives of almost everyone on earth. One controversial issue is whether globalization is actually "Americanization" that is, a means by which America can spread economic and cultural dominance. "Globalization is certainly bringing changes to the country it reaches, but perhaps change is an essential and natural part of life. We could say that the fact that American products are successful in world markets simply shows that they are well-made, and see nothing more to it than that. However, we could also say that the whole world seems to drink Coca-Cola, watch American TV dramas, and eat at American fast food restaurants. Especially in fi lm, music, and television, there is an overwhelming and growing dominance of US products, mostly at the expense of local economies and culture. The next issue is whether globalization causes inequality. On the one hand, there is evidence that inequalities in global income and poverty are decreasing, as shown by the rise in income and living standards in China. The actual countries that are becoming. Poorer are those that are not open to world trade, such as many nations in Africa. But there is equal evidence that this gap between the rich and the poor, among nations and within nations, is increasing. Market forces give the rich the power to add further to their wealth. Large corporations invest in poorer countries not particularly to help them, but instead so they can make greater profits from lower wage levels, often exploiting the country, and ultimately leaving it more debt-ridden than even before. The role of the internet is also open to debate. English, for example, is the main language of the internet because it is the rich English-speaking countries generating most of the content. Perhaps then, the internet has become a method of cultural takeover, in which Western values dominate and try to intrude upon other legitimate ways of thinking. Contrasting this completely, many people within developing countries see the internet as an opportunity to obtain knowledge and communication from around the world in a way that, before, they would have not thought possible. This gives chances for economic development in many industries, such as tourism-and this is very important in developing countries such as Thailand. The environmental impact of global ization is perhaps the biggest bone of contention. Being connected to the world economy contributes to environmental improvements in some ways. It helps knowledge-sharing, which in tum increases some incomes and improves property-rights, the latter resulting in regulating the distribution and use of agricultural lands more efficiently. Yet, multinational companies have a poor record in environmental protection. Notoriously, industries such as forestry, mining, and fishing, often exploit the many natural resources of poor countries, showing little regard to the long term cost, as in the case of New Guinea and Indonesia. The companies take advantage of less stringent protection policy, which may result in the loss, through rampant and one-sided economic development, of an irreplaceable national treasure. 11. What makes some people think that globalization is actually Americanization? A. The world seems to be dominated by American products. B. People around the world prefer high quality American goods. C. They have proof that USA aggressively spread its dominance. D. Coca-Cola becomes world-famous drink. E. The goods came from America has its flag logos.

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