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UTBK/SNBT Bahasa Inggris: Pertanyaan, Jawaban, Latihan Soal & Pembahasan

Urutkan

Matahari M

26 Januari 2022 08:10

Whether it's the melodic sound of an Eric Clapton solo or the growl of a heavy metal band, the electric guitar has influenced popular music and culture more than any other instrument. Rock's greatest musicians have always been closely identified with their guitars. But instruments being designed for tomorrow's pop stars may look and sound rather different from today's familiar electric and acoustic guitars. Since the time when the electric guitar was invented, there have been incredible changes to the technical design of the instrument. rom what was once a rounded wooden box with a hole in the front, the guitar has evolved into the smooth solid body of the rock guitarist's 'axe'. The most modern guitars are really computer controlled synthesizers. Adolph Rickebacker's Electro String Company produced the world's first electric guitar. It was made of wood and played on the user's lap. he first real breakthrough in design came in 1950 when Leo Fender, a Californian radio repairman, made the first solid-bodied electric guitar, the Fender Telecaster. Soon after the inventor es Paul made the famous Gibson Les Paul. Fender launched its stylish Stratocaster two years later. The guitars became standard instruments against which newer guitar designs are measured. All sorts of different materials have been used to make guitars. Acoustic guitars are made from wood, which gives a soft tone. Wood is also a popular material in electric guitar manufacture, but more modern materials such as glass and carbon fiber are also used. There have also been guitars with metal bodies and necks though these were never popular with players, who claim metal feels cold in the hand. Plastics, on the other hand, have been more used in guitar bodies. A company that makes parts for the aerospace industry has begun to use a kind of fiberglass that was originally used in helicopter blades to make the bodies for its electric-acoustic instruments As long as scientists and musicians work together harmoniously, the electric guitar will continue to benefit from technological innovations. But for all the efforts of the guitar companies' design engineers, production managers and quality controller, it's the musicians who finally make the instruments sing - and not necessarily in the way the guitar maker intended. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the guitars that were designed in the fifties? A. They were not commercially successful. B. They were made of metal. C. They were often used as a standard to design new models. D. They were played sitting down . E. They were computer-assisted

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Melati M

26 Januari 2022 08:10

Whether it's the melodic sound of an Eric Clapton solo or the growl of a heavy metal band, the electric guitar has influenced popular music and culture more than any other instrument. Rock's greatest musicians have always been closely identified with their guitars. But instruments being designed for tomorrow's pop stars may look and sound rather different from today's familiar electric and acoustic guitars. Since the time when the electric guitar was invented, there have been incredible changes to the technical design of the instrument. rom what was once a rounded wooden box with a hole in the front, the guitar has evolved into the smooth solid body of the rock guitarist's 'axe'. The most modern guitars are really computer controlled synthesizers. Adolph Rickebacker's Electro String Company produced the world's first electric guitar. It was made of wood and played on the user's lap. he first real breakthrough in design came in 1950 when Leo Fender, a Californian radio repairman, made the first solid-bodied electric guitar, the Fender Telecaster. Soon after the inventor es Paul made the famous Gibson Les Paul. Fender launched its stylish Stratocaster two years later. The guitars became standard instruments against which newer guitar designs are measured. All sorts of different materials have been used to make guitars. Acoustic guitars are made from wood, which gives a soft tone. Wood is also a popular material in electric guitar manufacture, but more modern materials such as glass and carbon fiber are also used. There have also been guitars with metal bodies and necks though these were never popular with players, who claim metal feels cold in the hand. Plastics, on the other hand, have been more used in guitar bodies. A company that makes parts for the aerospace industry has begun to use a kind of fiberglass that was originally used in helicopter blades to make the bodies for its electric-acoustic instruments As long as scientists and musicians work together harmoniously, the electric guitar will continue to benefit from technological innovations. But for all the efforts of the guitar companies' design engineers, production managers and quality controller, it's the musicians who finally make the instruments sing - and not necessarily in the way the guitar maker intended. An appropriate title for the text is .... A. The making of electric guitars B. Materials guitars are made of C. The guitar legends D. Guitars as electric-acoustic instruments E. Guitar standards: how to comply with

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Mawar M

26 Januari 2022 08:10

Although the Austrian school of economic thought sometimes called the Vienna school, hares with neoclassical economics a focus on the action oftheindividual actor, distinguishes itself most from this more orthodox perspective with its infuential Austrian Business Cycle Theory (ABCT). ABCT represents an attempt by the school's theorists to explain the “boom and bust" cycle in modem economies. Proponents of the ABCT claim that Economic recessions wil not occur in a purely free market system because it is highly unlikely that a preponderance o fbusiness leaders and entrepreneurs will simultaneously engage in risky economic -practices. Thus, economic downturns must instead result from unnatural interference with the economic system. The ABCT claim that this interference comes in the form of banks artifcially manipulating interest rates. Economists from the Austrian school contend that banks, by creating new money, drive down interest rates, which fools investors Into thinking that the supply of saved funds is larger than itactually is. This misapprehension Of reality causes businesses and entrepreneurs to focus their energies on investment, which causes the economy to shift from emphasizing consumer goods to capital goods. For a short while, the economy booms. However, the investors soon find that their speculation was based on incorrect assumptions about the economy and has resuted in an increase in production for which there is no comparable demand from consumers. A recession then occurs as the economy attempts to correct itself after this period of wasteful investment. ABCT has received a fair share of crticism. Most problematically, the theory raquires businesspersons and entrepreneurs to continually act irrationaly by making unsound investments during periods of low interest rates. However, ABCT and the Austrian school in general have remained infuential in economic circles due to their emphasis on the time preferences of individuals. While neoclassical economists make use of the idea of time references in some economic analyses, the Austrian school makes time preferences a major focus of its theoretical investigations, Ieading to a number of interesting hypotheses about economic activities. According to the passage, a major difference between the Austrian school and the neoclassical school is the Austrian school's .... A. focus on the actions of the individuals in the economic system B. attempt to explain an economy's boom and bust cycles C. emphasis on historical factors in its economic analyses D. endorsement of a purely free market E. ascription of irrational behavior to economic actors

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Fifa H

26 Januari 2022 08:10

Although the Austrian school of economic thought sometimes called the Vienna school, hares with neoclassical economics a focus on the action oftheindividual actor, distinguishes itself most from this more orthodox perspective with its infuential Austrian Business Cycle Theory (ABCT). ABCT represents an attempt by the school's theorists to explain the “boom and bust" cycle in modem economies. Proponents of the ABCT claim that Economic recessions wil not occur in a purely free market system because it is highly unlikely that a preponderance o fbusiness leaders and entrepreneurs will simultaneously engage in risky economic -practices. Thus, economic downturns must instead result from unnatural interference with the economic system. The ABCT claim that this interference comes in the form of banks artifcially manipulating interest rates. Economists from the Austrian school contend that banks, by creating new money, drive down interest rates, which fools investors Into thinking that the supply of saved funds is larger than itactually is. This misapprehension Of reality causes businesses and entrepreneurs to focus their energies on investment, which causes the economy to shift from emphasizing consumer goods to capital goods. For a short while, the economy booms. However, the investors soon find that their speculation was based on incorrect assumptions about the economy and has resuted in an increase in production for which there is no comparable demand from consumers. A recession then occurs as the economy attempts to correct itself after this period of wasteful investment. ABCT has received a fair share of crticism. Most problematically, the theory raquires businesspersons and entrepreneurs to continually act irrationaly by making unsound investments during periods of low interest rates. However, ABCT and the Austrian school in general have remained infuential in economic circles due to their emphasis on the time preferences of individuals. While neoclassical economists make use of the idea of time references in some economic analyses, the Austrian school makes time preferences a major focus of its theoretical investigations, Ieading to a number of interesting hypotheses about economic activities. It can be inferred from the passage that proponents of the ABCT that an economy in the midst of a recession .... A. would be characterized by artificially low interest rates B. must be subject to some form of market controls C. would be unlikely to recover unless banks raise interest rates D. would contain a h igh number of irrationally acting investors E. must correct itself by emphasizing the production of consumer goods

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Matahari M

26 Januari 2022 08:10

Although the Austrian school of economic thought sometimes called the Vienna school, hares with neoclassical economics a focus on the action oftheindividual actor, distinguishes itself most from this more orthodox perspective with its infuential Austrian Business Cycle Theory (ABCT). ABCT represents an attempt by the school's theorists to explain the “boom and bust" cycle in modem economies. Proponents of the ABCT claim that Economic recessions wil not occur in a purely free market system because it is highly unlikely that a preponderance o fbusiness leaders and entrepreneurs will simultaneously engage in risky economic -practices. Thus, economic downturns must instead result from unnatural interference with the economic system. The ABCT claim that this interference comes in the form of banks artifcially manipulating interest rates. Economists from the Austrian school contend that banks, by creating new money, drive down interest rates, which fools investors Into thinking that the supply of saved funds is larger than itactually is. This misapprehension Of reality causes businesses and entrepreneurs to focus their energies on investment, which causes the economy to shift from emphasizing consumer goods to capital goods. For a short while, the economy booms. However, the investors soon find that their speculation was based on incorrect assumptions about the economy and has resuted in an increase in production for which there is no comparable demand from consumers. A recession then occurs as the economy attempts to correct itself after this period of wasteful investment. ABCT has received a fair share of crticism. Most problematically, the theory raquires businesspersons and entrepreneurs to continually act irrationaly by making unsound investments during periods of low interest rates. However, ABCT and the Austrian school in general have remained infuential in economic circles due to their emphasis on the time preferences of individuals. While neoclassical economists make use of the idea of time references in some economic analyses, the Austrian school makes time preferences a major focus of its theoretical investigations, Ieading to a number of interesting hypotheses about economic activities. Which of the fol lowing statements about the Austrian school would the author most likely agree? A. It has generally been less influential than the neoclassical school in modern economics. B. Its theory on boom and bust cycles will eventually be falsified . C. Its focus on time preferences gives it an advantage over the neoclassical school of thought. D. It has been somewhat less conventional than has been the neoclassical school. E. Its theory of economic downturns is a more or less accurate description of reality.

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Melati M

26 Januari 2022 08:10

Although the Austrian school of economic thought sometimes called the Vienna school, hares with neoclassical economics a focus on the action oftheindividual actor, distinguishes itself most from this more orthodox perspective with its infuential Austrian Business Cycle Theory (ABCT). ABCT represents an attempt by the school's theorists to explain the “boom and bust" cycle in modem economies. Proponents of the ABCT claim that Economic recessions wil not occur in a purely free market system because it is highly unlikely that a preponderance o fbusiness leaders and entrepreneurs will simultaneously engage in risky economic -practices. Thus, economic downturns must instead result from unnatural interference with the economic system. The ABCT claim that this interference comes in the form of banks artifcially manipulating interest rates. Economists from the Austrian school contend that banks, by creating new money, drive down interest rates, which fools investors Into thinking that the supply of saved funds is larger than itactually is. This misapprehension Of reality causes businesses and entrepreneurs to focus their energies on investment, which causes the economy to shift from emphasizing consumer goods to capital goods. For a short while, the economy booms. However, the investors soon find that their speculation was based on incorrect assumptions about the economy and has resuted in an increase in production for which there is no comparable demand from consumers. A recession then occurs as the economy attempts to correct itself after this period of wasteful investment. ABCT has received a fair share of crticism. Most problematically, the theory raquires businesspersons and entrepreneurs to continually act irrationaly by making unsound investments during periods of low interest rates. However, ABCT and the Austrian school in general have remained infuential in economic circles due to their emphasis on the time preferences of individuals. While neoclassical economists make use of the idea of time references in some economic analyses, the Austrian school makes time preferences a major focus of its theoretical investigations, Ieading to a number of interesting hypotheses about economic activities. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with . . .. A. proposing a new theory of boom and bust cycles in economics B. questioning the validity of a discipline's theoretical focus C. drawing a key distinction between competing schools of economic thought D. providing an overview of a significant theory from an economic school E. contrasting two different theories about the nature of economic recessions

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Mawar M

26 Januari 2022 08:10

While Chester Barnard's assertions about management proved unconventional for the 1900s, they are sage guidelines that still remain relevant today. His book, Functions of the Executive, which was published in 1983, outlined a suggested corporate communication system and also set forth theories on authority and incentives. His theory on autority depended on the direct report as well as the manager. Up until this time, certain schools of thought were focused on the actions of the higher-ranking employee; however, Barnard stressed that, in order to encourage a solid communication system, everyone had an equal part to play. In Barnard's view, the notion of authority is meaningless without a subordinate who responds accordingly. Therefore, it is the suubordinate who determines the relationship, not the manager. Another management tool that Barnard stressed, which is still applicable today, is found in his theory on incentives. He postulates that managers can use both economic incentives and persuasion to achieve their goal. Surprisingly, especially to those who value tangible rewards, his conviction is that persuasion is more powerful than material incentives. Barnard stresses that, despite the generic assumption, many employees would be delighted with nonmaterial rewards such as occasions for distinction, a pleasurable work atmosphere, and self-pride for one's labor. A study of today's most profitable companies would likely reveal that they employee much of Barnard's advice. The passage suggests which of the following about Barnard's theory on authority? A. It focused bn the actions of the manager. B. It depended more on the manager than on the subordinate. C. It viewed authority as necessary to a solid communication system. D. It placed as much importance on the role of subordinate as on the role of manager. E. It relied heavily on

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Fifa H

26 Januari 2022 08:10

While Chester Barnard's assertions about management proved unconventional for the 1900s, they are sage guidelines that still remain relevant today. His book, Functions of the Executive, which was published in 1983, outlined a suggested corporate communication system and also set forth theories on authority and incentives. His theory on autority depended on the direct report as well as the manager. Up until this time, certain schools of thought were focused on the actions of the higher-ranking employee; however, Barnard stressed that, in order to encourage a solid communication system, everyone had an equal part to play. In Barnard's view, the notion of authority is meaningless without a subordinate who responds accordingly. Therefore, it is the suubordinate who determines the relationship, not the manager. Another management tool that Barnard stressed, which is still applicable today, is found in his theory on incentives. He postulates that managers can use both economic incentives and persuasion to achieve their goal. Surprisingly, especially to those who value tangible rewards, his conviction is that persuasion is more powerful than material incentives. Barnard stresses that, despite the generic assumption, many employees would be delighted with nonmaterial rewards such as occasions for distinction, a pleasurable work atmosphere, and self-pride for one's labor. A study of today's most profitable companies would likely reveal that they employee much of Barnard's advice. The author of the passage's attitude toward Chester Barnard's theories is best described as one of .... A. cautious endorsement B. respectful appreciation C. guarded disbel ief D. wholehearted disapproval E. fanatical promotion

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Matahari M

26 Januari 2022 08:10

While Chester Barnard's assertions about management proved unconventional for the 1900s, they are sage guidelines that still remain relevant today. His book, Functions of the Executive, which was published in 1983, outlined a suggested corporate communication system and also set forth theories on authority and incentives. His theory on autority depended on the direct report as well as the manager. Up until this time, certain schools of thought were focused on the actions of the higher-ranking employee; however, Barnard stressed that, in order to encourage a solid communication system, everyone had an equal part to play. In Barnard's view, the notion of authority is meaningless without a subordinate who responds accordingly. Therefore, it is the suubordinate who determines the relationship, not the manager. Another management tool that Barnard stressed, which is still applicable today, is found in his theory on incentives. He postulates that managers can use both economic incentives and persuasion to achieve their goal. Surprisingly, especially to those who value tangible rewards, his conviction is that persuasion is more powerful than material incentives. Barnard stresses that, despite the generic assumption, many employees would be delighted with nonmaterial rewards such as occasions for distinction, a pleasurable work atmosphere, and self-pride for one's labor. A study of today's most profitable companies would likely reveal that they employee much of Barnard's advice. The passage suggests that which of the following is called into question by Barnard's theory on incentives? A. Work atmosphere is not a powerful incentive. B. Managers can use material incentives to achieve goals. C. Persuasion is correlated with self-pride for one's labor. D. Employees prefer occasions d to a pleasurable work atmosphere. E. Many profitable compan ies rely on both material and persuasive incentives.

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Melati M

26 Januari 2022 08:10

While Chester Barnard's assertions about management proved unconventional for the 1900s, they are sage guidelines that still remain relevant today. His book, Functions of the Executive, which was published in 1983, outlined a suggested corporate communication system and also set forth theories on authority and incentives. His theory on autority depended on the direct report as well as the manager. Up until this time, certain schools of thought were focused on the actions of the higher-ranking employee; however, Barnard stressed that, in order to encourage a solid communication system, everyone had an equal part to play. In Barnard's view, the notion of authority is meaningless without a subordinate who responds accordingly. Therefore, it is the suubordinate who determines the relationship, not the manager. Another management tool that Barnard stressed, which is still applicable today, is found in his theory on incentives. He postulates that managers can use both economic incentives and persuasion to achieve their goal. Surprisingly, especially to those who value tangible rewards, his conviction is that persuasion is more powerful than material incentives. Barnard stresses that, despite the generic assumption, many employees would be delighted with nonmaterial rewards such as occasions for distinction, a pleasurable work atmosphere, and self-pride for one's labor. A study of today's most profitable companies would likely reveal that they employee much of Barnard's advice. The primary purpose of the passage is to A. introduce a new perspective on business management B. propose an alternative interpretation of a classic business model C. critique the methods used by early manage ment theorists D. discuss one author's theories on business management E. evaluate a proposed course of action

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Jawaban terverifikasi
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