SMA Bahasa Inggris: Pertanyaan, Jawaban, Latihan Soal & Pembahasan

The following text is for questions 9 to 12.

Scientists Reveal First Image Ever Made of a Black Hole

    Scientists on Wednesday revealed the first image ever made of a black hole, depicting its hot, shadowy edges where light bends around itself in a cosmic effect.

    Assembling data gathered by eight radio telescopes around the world, astronomers created the picture showing the violent neighborhood around a supermassive black hole, the light-sucking monsters of the universe theorized by Einstein more than a century ago and confirmed by observations for decades. It looked llke a flaming orange, yellow, and black ring.

    "We have seen what we thought was unseeable. We have seen and taken a picture of a black hole. Here it is," said Sheperd Doeleman of Harvard.

    Jessica Dempsey, a co-discoverer and deputy director of the East Asian Observatory in Hawaii, said it remmded her of the powerful flaming Eye of Sauron from the "Lord of the Rings" trilogy.

    Unlike smaller black holes that come from collapsed stars, supermassive black holes are mysterious in origin. Situated at the center of most galaxies, including ours, they are so dense that nothing, not even light, can escape their gravitational pull. This one's "event horizon"-the point of no return around it, where light and matter begin to fall inexorably into the abyss-is as big as our entire solar system.

    Three years ago, scientists using an extraordinarily sensitive observing system heard the sound of two much smaller black holes merging to create a gravitational wave, as Albert Einstein predicted. The new image, published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters and announced around the world in several news conferences, adds light to that sound.

    Outside scientists suggested the achievement could be worthy of a Nobel Prize, just like the gravitational wave discovery.

    While much around a black hole falls into a death spiral and is never to be seen again, the new image captures "lucky gas and dust" circling at just far enough to be safe and seen millions of years later on Earth, Dempsey said.

    "Taken over four days when astronomers had to have the perfect weather all across the world and literally all the stars had to align, the image helps confirm Einstein's general relativity theory," Dempsey said. Einstein a century ago even predicted the symmetrical shape that scientists just found, she said.

    "It's circular, but on one side the light is brighter," Dempsey added. "That's because that light is approaching Earth."

(Adopted from: https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/scientistsreveal-first-image-ever-made-of-a-black-hole/storyKhKhbqAAp2kuVt4F7oG1JN.html (April 11, 2019))

The discovery is along with a/an ____ theory. 

The following text is for questions 13 to 16.

Komodo Dragons Not Under Stress: Head of Komodo National Park

    The head of East Nusa Tenggara's (NTT) Komodo National Park, Sudiyono, has denied reports saying that komodo dragons at the park are under stress as a result of tourists.

    "The komodo dragons are comfortable, so far. There may be a change in attitude, but they're not stressed. When the animal is stressed out, they become aggressive and until now there hasn't been any aggressive behavior," Sudiyono explained.

    His remarks came as a response to reports aying that an increase in the number of visitors at the park caused stress on the lizard species, the largest in the world.

    Sudiyono said no special studies were carried out that proved the komodo dragons were stressed, however, he noted that the dragons were more aggressive if they were disturbed while eating.

    "The komodo dragons will be more aggressive when they are eating or being disturbed while eating. If they have finished eating but they see something moving, thetr instincts will tell them that [the moving object] is food," he said.

    Speaking on recent cases in which visitors were attacked by komodo dragons, Sudiyono said the attacks occurred because the visitors were not with their guide. Visitors must be accompanied by a guide at all times, according to park rules. ·

    In regard to the rising number of visitors, Sudiyono said the situation was automatically controlled by the limited number of available guides and the visitors taking part in other activities, such as diving, snorkeling, and island-hopping.

    Head of the NTT tourism office, Maurius Ardu Jelamu, previously expressed concerns over the supposedly stressed-out komodo dragons.

    "I've received a lot of insight from foreign tourists, some from Singapore and Europe. When they visited, they saw how visit patterns were not managed well due to the high number of visitors in the park," he said.

(Adopted from: http:/lwww.thejakartapost.com/travel2017/11/14/komododragons-not-under-stress-head-of-komodo-national-park.html (April 14,2019))

What condition shows that komodo dragons are under stress? 

The following text is for questions 6 to 8.

Indonesia Shoes Production Ranks Fourth in the World

    Jakarta (ANTARA) - Indonesia's shoes production ranks fourth in the world level with 1.4 billion pairs in 2018, contributing 4.6 percent of the global production.

    "Indonesia is on the fourth rank as the largest shoes producer in the world after China, India, and Vietnam. Meanwhile, as a shoes consumer we are on the fourth rank with 886 million pairs of footwear," the Director General of Small, Medium, and Various Industries at the Industry Ministry, Gati Wibawimingsih, said in a statement received by Antara here, Sunday.

    She noted that the number of footwear industries in Indonesia currently reaches 18,687 units, consisting of 18,091 small-scale businesses, 144 medium-scale businesses, and 155 large-scale businesses. "These footwear businesses have absorbed 795,000 workers," she added.

    Gati said in order to develop the national footwear industries, especially the small, medium-scale businesses, the ministry gives opportunity to the younger generation to participate in the Indonesia Footwear Creative Competition (IFCC) 2019.

    "IFCC is a 3 in 1 creative footwear competition covering design, photography, and video-graphy," Gati said.

    The event is initiated by the Indonesian Footwear Industry Development Center (BPIP) under the Directorate General of Small, Medium, and Various Industries at the Industry Ministry. The center is located in Sidoarjo, East Java province and has a task to coach the business players to develop the national footwear industry.

    According to Gati, the center also provides services to improve human resource capacity in footwear industry sector, increase knowledge and technology, and set up the standardization of footwear products.

    According to her, the younger generation always thinks about designs, brands, visualization of products, and services in their activities whether in bases of commerce, hobbies, or communities. Therefore, through the IFCC, Indonesian Footwear Industry Development Center introduces footwear to the younger generation. The center also wants to attract them that footwear is a part of mode, fashion, and promising business in the future.

(Adopted from: https://en.antaranews.com/news/123155/indonesia-shoesproduction-ranks-fourth-in-the-world (April 8, 2019))

Who is more interested in reading such a text? 

The following text is for questions 13 to 16.

Komodo Dragons Not Under Stress: Head of Komodo National Park

    The head of East Nusa Tenggara's (NTT) Komodo National Park, Sudiyono, has denied reports saying that komodo dragons at the park are under stress as a result of tourists.

    "The komodo dragons are comfortable, so far. There may be a change in attitude, but they're not stressed. When the animal is stressed out, they become aggressive and until now there hasn't been any aggressive behavior," Sudiyono explained.

    His remarks came as a response to reports aying that an increase in the number of visitors at the park caused stress on the lizard species, the largest in the world.

    Sudiyono said no special studies were carried out that proved the komodo dragons were stressed, however, he noted that the dragons were more aggressive if they were disturbed while eating.

    "The komodo dragons will be more aggressive when they are eating or being disturbed while eating. If they have finished eating but they see something moving, thetr instincts will tell them that [the moving object] is food," he said.

    Speaking on recent cases in which visitors were attacked by komodo dragons, Sudiyono said the attacks occurred because the visitors were not with their guide. Visitors must be accompanied by a guide at all times, according to park rules. ·

    In regard to the rising number of visitors, Sudiyono said the situation was automatically controlled by the limited number of available guides and the visitors taking part in other activities, such as diving, snorkeling, and island-hopping.

    Head of the NTT tourism office, Maurius Ardu Jelamu, previously expressed concerns over the supposedly stressed-out komodo dragons.

    "I've received a lot of insight from foreign tourists, some from Singapore and Europe. When they visited, they saw how visit patterns were not managed well due to the high number of visitors in the park," he said.

(Adopted from: http:/lwww.thejakartapost.com/travel2017/11/14/komododragons-not-under-stress-head-of-komodo-national-park.html (April 14,2019))

According to the previous report, komodo dragons in the park were under stress due to ____. 

The following text is for questions 13 to 16.

Komodo Dragons Not Under Stress: Head of Komodo National Park

    The head of East Nusa Tenggara's (NTT) Komodo National Park, Sudiyono, has denied reports saying that komodo dragons at the park are under stress as a result of tourists.

    "The komodo dragons are comfortable, so far. There may be a change in attitude, but they're not stressed. When the animal is stressed out, they become aggressive and until now there hasn't been any aggressive behavior," Sudiyono explained.

    His remarks came as a response to reports aying that an increase in the number of visitors at the park caused stress on the lizard species, the largest in the world.

    Sudiyono said no special studies were carried out that proved the komodo dragons were stressed, however, he noted that the dragons were more aggressive if they were disturbed while eating.

    "The komodo dragons will be more aggressive when they are eating or being disturbed while eating. If they have finished eating but they see something moving, thetr instincts will tell them that [the moving object] is food," he said.

    Speaking on recent cases in which visitors were attacked by komodo dragons, Sudiyono said the attacks occurred because the visitors were not with their guide. Visitors must be accompanied by a guide at all times, according to park rules. ·

    In regard to the rising number of visitors, Sudiyono said the situation was automatically controlled by the limited number of available guides and the visitors taking part in other activities, such as diving, snorkeling, and island-hopping.

    Head of the NTT tourism office, Maurius Ardu Jelamu, previously expressed concerns over the supposedly stressed-out komodo dragons.

    "I've received a lot of insight from foreign tourists, some from Singapore and Europe. When they visited, they saw how visit patterns were not managed well due to the high number of visitors in the park," he said.

(Adopted from: http:/lwww.thejakartapost.com/travel2017/11/14/komododragons-not-under-stress-head-of-komodo-national-park.html (April 14,2019))

What should people do, related to the news? 

The following text is for questions 9 to 12.

Scientists Reveal First Image Ever Made of a Black Hole

    Scientists on Wednesday revealed the first image ever made of a black hole, depicting its hot, shadowy edges where light bends around itself in a cosmic effect.

    Assembling data gathered by eight radio telescopes around the world, astronomers created the picture showing the violent neighborhood around a supermassive black hole, the light-sucking monsters of the universe theorized by Einstein more than a century ago and confirmed by observations for decades. It looked llke a flaming orange, yellow, and black ring.

    "We have seen what we thought was unseeable. We have seen and taken a picture of a black hole. Here it is," said Sheperd Doeleman of Harvard.

    Jessica Dempsey, a co-discoverer and deputy director of the East Asian Observatory in Hawaii, said it remmded her of the powerful flaming Eye of Sauron from the "Lord of the Rings" trilogy.

    Unlike smaller black holes that come from collapsed stars, supermassive black holes are mysterious in origin. Situated at the center of most galaxies, including ours, they are so dense that nothing, not even light, can escape their gravitational pull. This one's "event horizon"-the point of no return around it, where light and matter begin to fall inexorably into the abyss-is as big as our entire solar system.

    Three years ago, scientists using an extraordinarily sensitive observing system heard the sound of two much smaller black holes merging to create a gravitational wave, as Albert Einstein predicted. The new image, published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters and announced around the world in several news conferences, adds light to that sound.

    Outside scientists suggested the achievement could be worthy of a Nobel Prize, just like the gravitational wave discovery.

    While much around a black hole falls into a death spiral and is never to be seen again, the new image captures "lucky gas and dust" circling at just far enough to be safe and seen millions of years later on Earth, Dempsey said.

    "Taken over four days when astronomers had to have the perfect weather all across the world and literally all the stars had to align, the image helps confirm Einstein's general relativity theory," Dempsey said. Einstein a century ago even predicted the symmetrical shape that scientists just found, she said.

    "It's circular, but on one side the light is brighter," Dempsey added. "That's because that light is approaching Earth."

(Adopted from: https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/scientistsreveal-first-image-ever-made-of-a-black-hole/storyKhKhbqAAp2kuVt4F7oG1JN.html (April 11, 2019))

Why is one side of the black hole brighter? 

Read the following questions based on your ideas!

Why do you think people like reading news? 

Read the following text. Answer  the questions that follow.

Retail Sector Projected to Grow 5 to 10 Percent

    The Indonesian Shopping Center Tenants Association (Hippindo) has projected that the retail sector will grow 5 to 10 percent this year, after having to experience a slowdown in the last three years.

    "The retail players are optimistic this year. This year, after the elections, the growth will automatically move in a positive direction," Hippindo executive Fetty Kwartati said in Jakarta on Monday as quoted by kompas.com.

    She said there had been signs of improvements in growth since the previous year, with retail industry growth expected to be higher regardless of who won the presidential election.

    Fetty said retailers had also taken the opportunity to boost sales during the voting day because the government made voting day a holiday.

    She explained that 250 local brands offered discounts on voting day. "There will be more transactions because it is a holiday. After casting their votes, groups of people will go to shops to get deals," she added.

    Despite potential political and macroeconomic challenges, she said the business climate would be improved, especially if the winning candidates offered programs that dealt with any issues.

    Fetty, the PT Mitra Adiperkasa head of corporate coffimunications, said the company targeted 15 percent growth that year, as the firm's expansion started in the first quarter of 2019, with several new outlets opened.

    Growth in the second half, she said, would be even better than growth in the first half. (bbn)

Adopted from: https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/04/1 6/retail-sector-projected-to-grow-5-to-10-percent.html (April 15, 2019)

Why would the transaction improve during the voting day? 

Change the following direct sentences into indirect ones.

My manager asked, "Will you be able to present the monthly report tomorrow?" 

The following text is for the question.

"Take care of your words when you are with people." What does it mean?