UTBK/SNBT Bahasa Inggris: Pertanyaan, Jawaban, Latihan Soal & Pembahasan

       Agroecologists do not always agree about what agroecology is or should be in the long term. Different definitions of the term agroecology can be distinguished largely by the specificity with which one defines the term “ecology”, as well as the term’s potential political connotations. Definition of agroecology, therefore may be first grouped according to the specific contexts within which they situate agriculture. Agroecology is defined as “the study of the relation of agricultural crops and environment. Following this definition, agroecologis would study agriculture’s various relationships with soil health, water quality, air quality, meso–and micro—fauna, surrounding flora, environmental toxins, and other environmental contexts.

       A more common definition of the word can be taken from Dalgaard et al., who refer agroecology as the study of the interactions between plants, animals, humans and environment within agricultural system. Consequently, agroecology is inherently multidisciplinary, including factor from agronomy, ecology, sociology, economics and related disciplines. In this case, the ‘-ecology” portion of “agroecology” is defined broadly to include social, cultural, and economic contexts as well.

       In global south, the term often carries overtly political connotations. Such political definitions of the term usually ascribe to it the goals of social and economic justice; special attention, in this case, is often paid to the traditional farming knowledge of indigenous populations. North American and European uses of the term sometimes avoid the inclusion of such overtly political goals. In these case, agroecology is seen more strictly as a scientific discipline with less specific social goals.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            (www.dostoc.com)

Based on passage above, if someone is a genuine agroecologist, he/she will likely......

       Agroecologists do not always agree about what agroecology is or should be in the long term. Different definitions of the term agroecology can be distinguished largely by the specificity with which one defines the term “ecology”, as well as the term’s potential political connotations. Definition of agroecology, therefore may be first grouped according to the specific contexts within which they situate agriculture. Agroecology is defined as “the study of the relation of agricultural crops and environment. Following this definition, agroecologis would study agriculture’s various relationships with soil health, water quality, air quality, meso–and micro—fauna, surrounding flora, environmental toxins, and other environmental contexts.

       A more common definition of the word can be taken from Dalgaard et al., who refer agroecology as the study of the interactions between plants, animals, humans and environment within agricultural system. Consequently, agroecology is inherently multidisciplinary, including factor from agronomy, ecology, sociology, economics and related disciplines. In this case, the ‘-ecology” portion of “agroecology” is defined broadly to include social, cultural, and economic contexts as well.

       In global south, the term often carries overtly political connotations. Such political definitions of the term usually ascribe to it the goals of social and economic justice; special attention, in this case, is often paid to the traditional farming knowledge of indigenous populations. North American and European uses of the term sometimes avoid the inclusion of such overtly political goals. In these case, agroecology is seen more strictly as a scientific discipline with less specific social goals.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            (www.dostoc.com)

Ideas in paragraphs 2 and 3 define agroecology as shown in the  consecutive relation as....

             Over this decade, employment in jobs requiring education beyond a high school diploma will grow more rapidly than employment in jobs that do not; of the 30 fastest growing occupations, more than half require post-secondary education. With the average earnings of college graduates at a level that is twice as high as that of  workers with only a high school diploma, higher education is now the clearest (31)…into the middle class.

            In higher education, the U.S has been outpaced internationally. While the United States ranks ninth in the world in the proportion of young adults enrolled in college, we have fallen to 16th in the world in our share of certificates and degrees awarded to adults age 25 – 34 -–lagging behind Korea, Canada, Japan and other nations. While more than half of college students graduate within six year, the (32)…for low-income students is around 25 percent. 

            Acknowledging these factors early in his administration, President Obama challenged every American to commit to at least one years of higher education or post-secondary training. (33)…that America would once again have the highest proportion of college graduates in the world by 2020.

The option that the best completes 33 is....

 

People still collect books as valuable antiques or for a hobby, but you get virtually all the information you need from the viewscreen of your home computer system. The computer is linked to a library—not a library of books but an electronic library where information on every subject is stored in computer memory banks.                     Having this service at your fingertips is like having a huge  brand-new encyclopedia in your homes at all times. The computer can tell you anything you want to know, and the information is always the very latest available. There need be only one central library to which computers in homes, offices, school and colleges are connected. At the library experts are constantly busy, feeding in the very latest information as they receive it. In theory one huge electronic library could serve the whole world. (blogs.smithsonianmag.com)

E-book have not spelled the demise of the local library in New York. In fact, according to a new report from the Center for an Urban Future, 40.5 million people visited the city’s public libraries, more than all of the city’s professional sports teams and major cultural institution combined.                     The report “Branches of Opportunity” looks at the changing role of the city’s libraries in the digital age. It find that while public libraries are serving more New Yokers than ever, they are “undervalued by policymakers and face growing threats. ”New York City’s library system is a unique hybrid. Three organizations—the New York Public Library, along  with the Brooklyn and Queens libraries—operate 206 local branches throughout the five boroughs.

 

Based on the information in both passage, it can be hypnotheized that...

 

People still collect books as valuable antiques or for a hobby, but you get virtually all the information you need from the viewscreen of your home computer system. The computer is linked to a library—not a library of books but an electronic library where information on every subject is stored in computer memory banks.                     Having this service at your fingertips is like having a huge  brand-new encyclopedia in your homes at all times. The computer can tell you anything you want to know, and the information is always the very latest available. There need be only one central library to which computers in homes, offices, school and colleges are connected. At the library experts are constantly busy, feeding in the very latest information as they receive it. In theory one huge electronic library could serve the whole world. (blogs.smithsonianmag.com)

E-book have not spelled the demise of the local library in New York. In fact, according to a new report from the Center for an Urban Future, 40.5 million people visited the city’s public libraries, more than all of the city’s professional sports teams and major cultural institution combined.                     The report “Branches of Opportunity” looks at the changing role of the city’s libraries in the digital age. It find that while public libraries are serving more New Yokers than ever, they are “undervalued by policymakers and face growing threats. ”New York City’s library system is a unique hybrid. Three organizations—the New York Public Library, along  with the Brooklyn and Queens libraries—operate 206 local branches throughout the five boroughs.

The topics  discussed in both passage  is....

                    Did you ride your bike to school when you were kid? A generation ago most kids rode, walked or caught the bus to school; very few of us were dropped off by our parents at the school gate. These days most of us have experienced the daily traffic jams around schools at drop-off and pick-up times, as parents drive their children to the school gate. While there is no national data on the number of children who walk or ride to school, a recent Victorian survey found nearly half of all children are driven to school every day.

                    Parents choose to drop their kids at school for number of reasons—mostly to do with safety and convenience. But experts say chauffeuring your kids to school every day could mean they are missing out on much –needed exercise and other life skills.

                    Research suggests at least a third of Australian children age 9 – 16 years are not getting amount of daily physical activity recommended in national guidelines. But this not because children’s participation in leisure or sporting activities has dropped off, says Dr Jan Garrard. Participation in this activities has not altered much over the years, Garrard says but what has changed is level of incidental activity children do. “ When you look at countries where children are just active as part of everyday life, they do not have  to be sporty. All they have to do is get around the way the community gets around by walking and cycling, and they get enough physical activity,” she says. 

The part following the passage above most likely contains information on....  

                    Did you ride your bike to school when you were kid? A generation ago most kids rode, walked or caught the bus to school; very few of us were dropped off by our parents at the school gate. These days most of us have experienced the daily traffic jams around schools at drop-off and pick-up times, as parents drive their children to the school gate. While there is no national data on the number of children who walk or ride to school, a recent Victorian survey found nearly half of all children are driven to school every day.

                    Parents choose to drop their kids at school for number of reasons—mostly to do with safety and convenience. But experts say chauffeuring your kids to school every day could mean they are missing out on much –needed exercise and other life skills.

                    Research suggests at least a third of Australian children age 9 – 16 years are not getting amount of daily physical activity recommended in national guidelines. But this not because children’s participation in leisure or sporting activities has dropped off, says Dr Jan Garrard. Participation in this activities has not altered much over the years, Garrard says but what has changed is level of incidental activity children do. “ When you look at countries where children are just active as part of everyday life, they do not have  to be sporty. All they have to do is get around the way the community gets around by walking and cycling, and they get enough physical activity,” she says.   

Dr. Garrard's statement"...where children are just active as part of everyday life, they do not have to be sporty..." (paragraph 3) may be best restated that....