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UTBK/SNBT Bahasa Inggris: Pertanyaan, Jawaban, Latihan Soal & Pembahasan

Urutkan

Diandra D

26 Januari 2022 01:36

A monkey that has acquired the sole power to hand out apples is generously rewarded with grooming sessions by the other monkeys in its group. However, as soon as another monkey can hand out apples as well, the market value of the first monkey is halved. The monkeys therefore unerringly obey the law of supply and demand. In the experiment researchers placed food containers with highly-desi red pieces of apple in two groups of South African vervet monkeys. For the monkeys there was just one problem: only one in each group could open the food container. This monkey had a low position in the rank order and was therefore scarcely groomed. However, as soon as she acquired the power to hand out apples she was val ued more and was groomed a lot by the rest of the group. Yet she could only enjoy that privilege briefly; the researchers placed a second food container that could be opened by another low-ranking female. From that moment onwards the market value of the first monkey was halved, and she was therefore groomed half as often. The experiments revealed that the female monkeys that could open the food containers were groomed more than when they exerted no power over the food production. The females concerned also did not have to groom the other monkeys as long. They were therefore paid for their services as food suppliers. Biological market theory predicts that the market value of these female monkeys should vary according to the law of supply and demand. The fact that the grooming time of the first monkey was halved as soon as the second monkey gained the power to distribute apples, confirms this idea; the price of goods-in this case the female monkeys who could open the containers-was instantaneously adjusted to the market. Immediately after the opening of the food containers, the researchers registered how long the females were groomed for. The next occasion on which the females could open a container was, however, several. days later. The fact that the females were still groomed more indicates that the vervet monkeys apply a strategy that works in the long term. The choice of partners is also influenced by long-term attitudes; the monkeys can value one monkey relatively more than the others. A change in price-grooming for less long if there is another monkey that supplies apples is only possible if a negotiation process takes place. Many economists assume that such negotiations can only take place if they are concluded with a contract. However, the vervet monkeys do not have the possibil ity to conclude such binding contracts and yet they still succeed in agreeing to a change in price for a service. 10. According to the text, the grooming time of the female monkey that can open a food container A. is decided through negotiations with other monkeys B. is not affected when another female can supply apples C. is reduced if there is another monkey that supplies apples D. is determined by the number of apples they can provide E. is always the same for every monkey

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Jongdi J

26 Januari 2022 01:36

A monkey that has acquired the sole power to hand out apples is generously rewarded with grooming sessions by the other monkeys in its group. However, as soon as another monkey can hand out apples as well, the market value of the first monkey is halved. The monkeys therefore unerringly obey the law of supply and demand. In the experiment researchers placed food containers with highly-desi red pieces of apple in two groups of South African vervet monkeys. For the monkeys there was just one problem: only one in each group could open the food container. This monkey had a low position in the rank order and was therefore scarcely groomed. However, as soon as she acquired the power to hand out apples she was val ued more and was groomed a lot by the rest of the group. Yet she could only enjoy that privilege briefly; the researchers placed a second food container that could be opened by another low-ranking female. From that moment onwards the market value of the first monkey was halved, and she was therefore groomed half as often. The experiments revealed that the female monkeys that could open the food containers were groomed more than when they exerted no power over the food production. The females concerned also did not have to groom the other monkeys as long. They were therefore paid for their services as food suppliers. Biological market theory predicts that the market value of these female monkeys should vary according to the law of supply and demand. The fact that the grooming time of the first monkey was halved as soon as the second monkey gained the power to distribute apples, confirms this idea; the price of goods-in this case the female monkeys who could open the containers-was instantaneously adjusted to the market. Immediately after the opening of the food containers, the researchers registered how long the females were groomed for. The next occasion on which the females could open a container was, however, several. days later. The fact that the females were still groomed more indicates that the vervet monkeys apply a strategy that works in the long term. The choice of partners is also influenced by long-term attitudes; the monkeys can value one monkey relatively more than the others. A change in price-grooming for less long if there is another monkey that supplies apples is only possible if a negotiation process takes place. Many economists assume that such negotiations can only take place if they are concluded with a contract. However, the vervet monkeys do not have the possibil ity to conclude such binding contracts and yet they still succeed in agreeing to a change in price for a service. 9. The word "unerringly" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to .... A. equally B. precisely C. progressively D. abruptly E. unexpectedly

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Okedia O

26 Januari 2022 01:36

A monkey that has acquired the sole power to hand out apples is generously rewarded with grooming sessions by the other monkeys in its group. However, as soon as another monkey can hand out apples as well, the market value of the first monkey is halved. The monkeys therefore unerringly obey the law of supply and demand. In the experiment researchers placed food containers with highly-desi red pieces of apple in two groups of South African vervet monkeys. For the monkeys there was just one problem: only one in each group could open the food container. This monkey had a low position in the rank order and was therefore scarcely groomed. However, as soon as she acquired the power to hand out apples she was val ued more and was groomed a lot by the rest of the group. Yet she could only enjoy that privilege briefly; the researchers placed a second food container that could be opened by another low-ranking female. From that moment onwards the market value of the first monkey was halved, and she was therefore groomed half as often. The experiments revealed that the female monkeys that could open the food containers were groomed more than when they exerted no power over the food production. The females concerned also did not have to groom the other monkeys as long. They were therefore paid for their services as food suppliers. Biological market theory predicts that the market value of these female monkeys should vary according to the law of supply and demand. The fact that the grooming time of the first monkey was halved as soon as the second monkey gained the power to distribute apples, confirms this idea; the price of goods-in this case the female monkeys who could open the containers-was instantaneously adjusted to the market. Immediately after the opening of the food containers, the researchers registered how long the females were groomed for. The next occasion on which the females could open a container was, however, several. days later. The fact that the females were still groomed more indicates that the vervet monkeys apply a strategy that works in the long term. The choice of partners is also influenced by long-term attitudes; the monkeys can value one monkey relatively more than the others. A change in price-grooming for less long if there is another monkey that supplies apples is only possible if a negotiation process takes place. Many economists assume that such negotiations can only take place if they are concluded with a contract. However, the vervet monkeys do not have the possibil ity to conclude such binding contracts and yet they still succeed in agreeing to a change in price for a service. 8. The most appropriate title for this passage is .... A. Vervet Monkeys' Grooming Habits B. Why Monkeys Groom C. Monkeys' Reward for Distributing Food D. Economic Rules of Supply and Demand for Monkeys E. The Application of Economic Principles

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Bella B

26 Januari 2022 01:36

Mass market history textbooks suffer from a number of deficiencies. Even with judicious editing and some stu nning omissions, the typical high school history textbook is over one thousand pages long. Part of the problem lies in the publishers' desire to construct a book that appeals to as many regional markets as possible. In order to do so, the publisher must include details that have relatively little historical significance but evoke a degree of local pride in readers. But the sheer volume of information available in textbooks is not, in and of itself, the greatest difficulty with these textbooks. The most pressing problem is the textbook writers' philosophical approach to this information. The manner in which most treat history textbooks the story of Columbus "discovery" of America offers a telling example. First, there is a copious historical record indicating that a multitude of explorers had reached North America long before Columbus This record consists of a d iversity of sources, including genetic similarities between North American populations and populations in Africa, Asia, and Europe; homogenous social structures and art forms; and even oral histories and legends of various peoples. While historians argue over the value and rel iability of this evidence, it is generally accepted that travelers from Siberia. Japan, China, Polynesia, West Africa, and Iceland most likely arrived in North America long before Columbus did. Textbook authors could simply present all of this evidence to students and let them come to their own conclusions about the discovery and settlement of America. in fact, that is how professional historians work. Instead, textbook authors decide to craft a simple narrative around certain historical events at the expense of the true complexities of history. By treating history as a series of settled facts instead of a sequence of ongoing debates and interpretations, textbook authors do a great disservice to both their students and to the educational process. In their quest to portray history as a story, textbook authors have unwittingly deprived the subject of some of its most vibrant and interesting aspects. It is no wonder that high school students in the United States rank history as one of their least favorite subjects. 20. The passage implies which of the following about high school history textbooks? A. Typical modern textbooks are much longer than were those of the past. B. Despite their size, many history textbooks still fail to include certain important historical details. C. High school history textbooks have not been submitted to a proper editing process. D. High school history textbooks are the only textbooks that tend to be tailored to local markets. E. No high school history textbook presents the complexities surrounding the discovery of America.

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Diandra D

26 Januari 2022 01:36

Mass market history textbooks suffer from a number of deficiencies. Even with judicious editing and some stu nning omissions, the typical high school history textbook is over one thousand pages long. Part of the problem lies in the publishers' desire to construct a book that appeals to as many regional markets as possible. In order to do so, the publisher must include details that have relatively little historical significance but evoke a degree of local pride in readers. But the sheer volume of information available in textbooks is not, in and of itself, the greatest difficulty with these textbooks. The most pressing problem is the textbook writers' philosophical approach to this information. The manner in which most treat history textbooks the story of Columbus "discovery" of America offers a telling example. First, there is a copious historical record indicating that a multitude of explorers had reached North America long before Columbus This record consists of a d iversity of sources, including genetic similarities between North American populations and populations in Africa, Asia, and Europe; homogenous social structures and art forms; and even oral histories and legends of various peoples. While historians argue over the value and rel iability of this evidence, it is generally accepted that travelers from Siberia. Japan, China, Polynesia, West Africa, and Iceland most likely arrived in North America long before Columbus did. Textbook authors could simply present all of this evidence to students and let them come to their own conclusions about the discovery and settlement of America. in fact, that is how professional historians work. Instead, textbook authors decide to craft a simple narrative around certain historical events at the expense of the true complexities of history. By treating history as a series of settled facts instead of a sequence of ongoing debates and interpretations, textbook authors do a great disservice to both their students and to the educational process. In their quest to portray history as a story, textbook authors have unwittingly deprived the subject of some of its most vibrant and interesting aspects. It is no wonder that high school students in the United States rank history as one of their least favorite subjects. 19. The passage suggests in which of the following ways that the "philosophical approach" to historical information used by textbook authors compromises the teaching of history? A. By including far more information than is historically relevant, textbook authors make learning history a challenging process for students. B. By refusing to include a multitude of historical sources, textbook authors fail to provide teachers of history with an appreciation of the complexity of history. C. By presenting a vast amount of primary source data, textbook authors deprive students of the chance to approach historical studies the way professional historians do. D. By neglecting to introduce a certain degree of uncertainty to historical events, textbook authors have made the learning of history a less interesting process. E. By creating simple narratives out of the complex historical record, textbook authors have forced students of history to learn history the way most academics have.

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Jongdi J

26 Januari 2022 01:35

Mass market history textbooks suffer from a number of deficiencies. Even with judicious editing and some stu nning omissions, the typical high school history textbook is over one thousand pages long. Part of the problem lies in the publishers' desire to construct a book that appeals to as many regional markets as possible. In order to do so, the publisher must include details that have relatively little historical significance but evoke a degree of local pride in readers. But the sheer volume of information available in textbooks is not, in and of itself, the greatest difficulty with these textbooks. The most pressing problem is the textbook writers' philosophical approach to this information. The manner in which most treat history textbooks the story of Columbus "discovery" of America offers a telling example. First, there is a copious historical record indicating that a multitude of explorers had reached North America long before Columbus This record consists of a d iversity of sources, including genetic similarities between North American populations and populations in Africa, Asia, and Europe; homogenous social structures and art forms; and even oral histories and legends of various peoples. While historians argue over the value and rel iability of this evidence, it is generally accepted that travelers from Siberia. Japan, China, Polynesia, West Africa, and Iceland most likely arrived in North America long before Columbus did. Textbook authors could simply present all of this evidence to students and let them come to their own conclusions about the discovery and settlement of America. in fact, that is how professional historians work. Instead, textbook authors decide to craft a simple narrative around certain historical events at the expense of the true complexities of history. By treating history as a series of settled facts instead of a sequence of ongoing debates and interpretations, textbook authors do a great disservice to both their students and to the educational process. In their quest to portray history as a story, textbook authors have unwittingly deprived the subject of some of its most vibrant and interesting aspects. It is no wonder that high school students in the United States rank history as one of their least favorite subjects. 18. The "problem" mentioned in the first paragraph can best be described as arising from the pressure to .... A. create a product that will please as many customers as possible B. include as many relevant historical facts as feasible C. produce a text that will avoid containing controversial statements D. develop a book that contains a simple narrative E. arouse the interest of consumers from a particular region

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Okedia O

26 Januari 2022 01:35

Mass market history textbooks suffer from a number of deficiencies. Even with judicious editing and some stu nning omissions, the typical high school history textbook is over one thousand pages long. Part of the problem lies in the publishers' desire to construct a book that appeals to as many regional markets as possible. In order to do so, the publisher must include details that have relatively little historical significance but evoke a degree of local pride in readers. But the sheer volume of information available in textbooks is not, in and of itself, the greatest difficulty with these textbooks. The most pressing problem is the textbook writers' philosophical approach to this information. The manner in which most treat history textbooks the story of Columbus "discovery" of America offers a telling example. First, there is a copious historical record indicating that a multitude of explorers had reached North America long before Columbus This record consists of a d iversity of sources, including genetic similarities between North American populations and populations in Africa, Asia, and Europe; homogenous social structures and art forms; and even oral histories and legends of various peoples. While historians argue over the value and rel iability of this evidence, it is generally accepted that travelers from Siberia. Japan, China, Polynesia, West Africa, and Iceland most likely arrived in North America long before Columbus did. Textbook authors could simply present all of this evidence to students and let them come to their own conclusions about the discovery and settlement of America. in fact, that is how professional historians work. Instead, textbook authors decide to craft a simple narrative around certain historical events at the expense of the true complexities of history. By treating history as a series of settled facts instead of a sequence of ongoing debates and interpretations, textbook authors do a great disservice to both their students and to the educational process. In their quest to portray history as a story, textbook authors have unwittingly deprived the subject of some of its most vibrant and interesting aspects. It is no wonder that high school students in the United States rank history as one of their least favorite subjects. 17. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with .... A. recommending solutions to a problem B. debunking a long held perspective C. explaining the nature of a fault D. responding to an argument E. evaluating a proposed course of action

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Bella B

26 Januari 2022 01:35

The economic world has been buzzing for the last two years now as investors, homeowners, and trend analysts alike attempt to identify the causes, and ultimate effects, of the sub-prime lending mortgage crisis. Papers have been filled with headlines detai l ing the mass evictions, leading in particularly tragic cases to entire communities being reduced to little more than shanty towns. The onus today seems to be to find which people in which industry are to blame, but, in the end, untangling that knotted mess may prove impossible, and even were we to reveal an identifiable cause, would that help solve the current problems? What is not drawing as much attention, but perhaps should be, is the effect that all of this has had not just on the value of the dollar internationally but domestically as well. The cost to rent an apartment has risen dramatically in most major metropol itan areas, as families that once owned homes are forced back i nto the rental market. The cost of student loans has also peaked sharply, with federal interest rates up to three times as high as the rates from a mere six years ago. Unfortunately for the many people affected by this, it seems unl ikely that the rising cost of a college education will come to the attention of those at the highest levels until the country sees a decrease in the number of students receiving college degrees, at which point the solution may be out of our hands. 16. The word peaked in the second paragraph most nearly means .... A. reached an apex only to descend again B. set a precedent for future valuations C. quickly ascended in price D. artificially inflated E. caught nationwide attention

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Diandra D

26 Januari 2022 01:35

The economic world has been buzzing for the last two years now as investors, homeowners, and trend analysts alike attempt to identify the causes, and ultimate effects, of the sub-prime lending mortgage crisis. Papers have been filled with headlines detai l ing the mass evictions, leading in particularly tragic cases to entire communities being reduced to little more than shanty towns. The onus today seems to be to find which people in which industry are to blame, but, in the end, untangling that knotted mess may prove impossible, and even were we to reveal an identifiable cause, would that help solve the current problems? What is not drawing as much attention, but perhaps should be, is the effect that all of this has had not just on the value of the dollar internationally but domestically as well. The cost to rent an apartment has risen dramatically in most major metropol itan areas, as families that once owned homes are forced back i nto the rental market. The cost of student loans has also peaked sharply, with federal interest rates up to three times as high as the rates from a mere six years ago. Unfortunately for the many people affected by this, it seems unl ikely that the rising cost of a college education will come to the attention of those at the highest levels until the country sees a decrease in the number of students receiving college degrees, at which point the solution may be out of our hands. 15. According to the author of the passage, the entity most likely to blame for the economic situation is .... A. the unscrupulous lending industry that failed to recognize the potential pitfalls in the sub-prime lending scheme B. ultimately of less import than is recognizing the far-ranging side effects and working to find a solution C. also solely responsible for the present weakness of the dollar in overseas markets D. only going to recognize the true effects of the mistakes that have been made once the results are irreversible E. the public at large because it was the public that supported the sub-prime loans without learning what they entailed

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Jongdi J

26 Januari 2022 01:35

The economic world has been buzzing for the last two years now as investors, homeowners, and trend analysts alike attempt to identify the causes, and ultimate effects, of the sub-prime lending mortgage crisis. Papers have been filled with headlines detai l ing the mass evictions, leading in particularly tragic cases to entire communities being reduced to little more than shanty towns. The onus today seems to be to find which people in which industry are to blame, but, in the end, untangling that knotted mess may prove impossible, and even were we to reveal an identifiable cause, would that help solve the current problems? What is not drawing as much attention, but perhaps should be, is the effect that all of this has had not just on the value of the dollar internationally but domestically as well. The cost to rent an apartment has risen dramatically in most major metropol itan areas, as families that once owned homes are forced back i nto the rental market. The cost of student loans has also peaked sharply, with federal interest rates up to three times as high as the rates from a mere six years ago. Unfortunately for the many people affected by this, it seems unl ikely that the rising cost of a college education will come to the attention of those at the highest levels until the country sees a decrease in the number of students receiving college degrees, at which point the solution may be out of our hands. 14. The author's attitude towards the economic problems discussed in the passage could most accurately be described as ... . A. frenzied ire B. calculated scorn C. reasoned frustration D. modulated optimism E. scholarly disdain

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Jawaban terverifikasi
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