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UTBK/SNBT Bahasa Inggris: Pertanyaan, Jawaban, Latihan Soal & Pembahasan

Urutkan

Melati M

26 Januari 2022 08:08

The Arctic Circle comprises approximately 6 percent of the Earth's surface. Of the 21 million square-kilometer Arctic region, only about 8 million square kilometers is onshore; the rest of the area is located on continental shelves, which are covered by no more than 500 meters of water. Expeditions to the northern regions of Canada, Russia, and Alaska have discovered some 400 oil and gas fields within the Arctic Circle. These fields are capable of producing upwards of 200 billion barrels of oil and natural gas, a quantity representing about 10 percent of the world's known petroleum reserves. And yet, most of the Arctic Circle region remains unexplored Some geologists believe that the expansive Arctic continental shelves may contain vast petroleum reserves. Recently, a group of researchers from the United States Geological Survey completed an extensive survey of the Arctic region. The members of the Circum Arctic Resource Appraisal (CARA) team sought to discover the possible petroleum reserves in all areas north of 66.56 degrees north latitude. Due to the relative lack of information on the Arctic Circle region, the CARA team was unable to employ the standard geological techniques of resource assessment, including discovery prospect modeling and deposit simulation. Instead, the scientists employed a probabilistic methodology to attempt to pinpoint areas of the Arctic Circle that had at least a 10 percent chance of harboring oil reserves excess of 1 0 billion barrels. The model used by the researchers determined the probability that a certain location possesses significant oil reserves by considering certain geologic factors typically associated with oil fields, including rock type and formation, and the relative age of the geologic structures. The results of the CARA team's study indicate that 17 of the 25 Arctic Circle regions have a greater than 10 percent chance of holding oil reserves. Geologists on the team further conclude that over 70 percent of the estimated oil reserves in the Arctic Circle occur in just five of the regions, while over 70 percent of the probable natural gas reserves lay in just three of the regions. The author of the passage is primarily concerns with .... A. critiquing a recent scientific study B. reporting the results of a geologic survey C. enumerating the world's potential remaining oil reserves D. advocating increased oil drill ing in the Arctic Circle region E. describing a new geologic research methodology

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Mawar M

26 Januari 2022 08:08

Since 1929, physicists have known that the universe is expanding. Most physicists hold that the entire observable universe was condensed into a tiny area of exceptional density and that this initial mass exploded outward in what is commonly referred to as the "Big Bang." The universe has been expanding steadily ever since this cataclysmic event and most physicists naturally assumed that this expansion must be gradually slowing down. Some theorists even predicted that the gravitational pull of the universe would cause the eventual contraction of the universe-the "Big Crunch." However, in 1998, a team of observers studying supernovae made a shocking discovery. Instead of slowing down, the expansion of the universe is accelerating. In fact, the acceleration appeared to have begun some 10 billion years ago. Later measurements of the cosmic microwave background and a survey of the distribution of galaxies seem to corroborate the initial finding that the expansion of the universe is indeed accelerating. Cosmologists believe the most likely explanation for the acceleration of the universe's expansion is an entity known as dark eriergy According to theory, dark energy should account for approximately twothirds of the total cosmic energy density. It also is believed to be gravitationally repulsive and diffused throughout the areas of space unoccupied y galaxies. Although theoretically possible, dark energy, if it were found to exist, would provide theorists with a number of difficulties and perhaps even require an extensive rethinking of fundamental physics. Some cosmologists believe that the existence of dark energy impl ies the existence of subatomic particles more than thirty orders of magnitude smaller than the electron. Others have tinkered with Einstein's theory of relativity in an attempt to account for the perceived effects of dark energy. Such drastic revisions to long-held tenets have encouraged some physicists to seek a more conventional solution to the accelerating universe enigma, one that does not invoke the specter of dark energy. These theories posit more mundane explanations, such as the aggregate gravitational effect of interstellar dust. Recently, four independent groups have found evidence of the integrated Sachs Wolfe effect, a phenomenon linked to the presence of dark energy. The author of the passage most likely mentions the "evidence of the Sachs-Wolfe effect" in order .... A. indicate mounting support for the existence of dark energy B. prove that more mundane explanations for the expansion of the universe are incorrect C. provide an example of a phenomena that will need to be rethought in light of the existence of dark energy D. show that most astronomers accept the existence of dark energy E. defend the attempts of more traditional astronomers to explain the universe's accelerating expansion

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Fifa H

26 Januari 2022 08:08

Since 1929, physicists have known that the universe is expanding. Most physicists hold that the entire observable universe was condensed into a tiny area of exceptional density and that this initial mass exploded outward in what is commonly referred to as the "Big Bang." The universe has been expanding steadily ever since this cataclysmic event and most physicists naturally assumed that this expansion must be gradually slowing down. Some theorists even predicted that the gravitational pull of the universe would cause the eventual contraction of the universe-the "Big Crunch." However, in 1998, a team of observers studying supernovae made a shocking discovery. Instead of slowing down, the expansion of the universe is accelerating. In fact, the acceleration appeared to have begun some 10 billion years ago. Later measurements of the cosmic microwave background and a survey of the distribution of galaxies seem to corroborate the initial finding that the expansion of the universe is indeed accelerating. Cosmologists believe the most likely explanation for the acceleration of the universe's expansion is an entity known as dark eriergy According to theory, dark energy should account for approximately twothirds of the total cosmic energy density. It also is believed to be gravitationally repulsive and diffused throughout the areas of space unoccupied y galaxies. Although theoretically possible, dark energy, if it were found to exist, would provide theorists with a number of difficulties and perhaps even require an extensive rethinking of fundamental physics. Some cosmologists believe that the existence of dark energy impl ies the existence of subatomic particles more than thirty orders of magnitude smaller than the electron. Others have tinkered with Einstein's theory of relativity in an attempt to account for the perceived effects of dark energy. Such drastic revisions to long-held tenets have encouraged some physicists to seek a more conventional solution to the accelerating universe enigma, one that does not invoke the specter of dark energy. These theories posit more mundane explanations, such as the aggregate gravitational effect of interstellar dust. Recently, four independent groups have found evidence of the integrated Sachs Wolfe effect, a phenomenon linked to the presence of dark energy. Which of the following is suggested by the passage a reason dark energy provides an explanation for an accelerating expansion of the universe? A. Dark energy fi lls two thirds of the universe. B. Cosmologists believe that it is theoretically possible for dark energy to exist. C. The space unoccupied by galaxies creates a vacuum. D. A separating force can cause acceleration. E. Most of the universe is made up of particles larger than an electron.

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Matahari M

26 Januari 2022 08:08

Since 1929, physicists have known that the universe is expanding. Most physicists hold that the entire observable universe was condensed into a tiny area of exceptional density and that this initial mass exploded outward in what is commonly referred to as the "Big Bang." The universe has been expanding steadily ever since this cataclysmic event and most physicists naturally assumed that this expansion must be gradually slowing down. Some theorists even predicted that the gravitational pull of the universe would cause the eventual contraction of the universe-the "Big Crunch." However, in 1998, a team of observers studying supernovae made a shocking discovery. Instead of slowing down, the expansion of the universe is accelerating. In fact, the acceleration appeared to have begun some 10 billion years ago. Later measurements of the cosmic microwave background and a survey of the distribution of galaxies seem to corroborate the initial finding that the expansion of the universe is indeed accelerating. Cosmologists believe the most likely explanation for the acceleration of the universe's expansion is an entity known as dark eriergy According to theory, dark energy should account for approximately twothirds of the total cosmic energy density. It also is believed to be gravitationally repulsive and diffused throughout the areas of space unoccupied y galaxies. Although theoretically possible, dark energy, if it were found to exist, would provide theorists with a number of difficulties and perhaps even require an extensive rethinking of fundamental physics. Some cosmologists believe that the existence of dark energy impl ies the existence of subatomic particles more than thirty orders of magnitude smaller than the electron. Others have tinkered with Einstein's theory of relativity in an attempt to account for the perceived effects of dark energy. Such drastic revisions to long-held tenets have encouraged some physicists to seek a more conventional solution to the accelerating universe enigma, one that does not invoke the specter of dark energy. These theories posit more mundane explanations, such as the aggregate gravitational effect of interstellar dust. Recently, four independent groups have found evidence of the integrated Sachs Wolfe effect, a phenomenon linked to the presence of dark energy. The passage implies that the expansion of the universe .... A. has been continuing for approximately 10 billion years B. was assumed in most theoretical models of the universe C. will eventually slow down and stop, leading to a "Big Crunch" D. is thought to result from the initial conditions of the universe E. is continuing to accelerate at a constant rate

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Melati M

26 Januari 2022 08:08

Since 1929, physicists have known that the universe is expanding. Most physicists hold that the entire observable universe was condensed into a tiny area of exceptional density and that this initial mass exploded outward in what is commonly referred to as the "Big Bang." The universe has been expanding steadily ever since this cataclysmic event and most physicists naturally assumed that this expansion must be gradually slowing down. Some theorists even predicted that the gravitational pull of the universe would cause the eventual contraction of the universe-the "Big Crunch." However, in 1998, a team of observers studying supernovae made a shocking discovery. Instead of slowing down, the expansion of the universe is accelerating. In fact, the acceleration appeared to have begun some 10 billion years ago. Later measurements of the cosmic microwave background and a survey of the distribution of galaxies seem to corroborate the initial finding that the expansion of the universe is indeed accelerating. Cosmologists believe the most likely explanation for the acceleration of the universe's expansion is an entity known as dark eriergy According to theory, dark energy should account for approximately twothirds of the total cosmic energy density. It also is believed to be gravitationally repulsive and diffused throughout the areas of space unoccupied y galaxies. Although theoretically possible, dark energy, if it were found to exist, would provide theorists with a number of difficulties and perhaps even require an extensive rethinking of fundamental physics. Some cosmologists believe that the existence of dark energy impl ies the existence of subatomic particles more than thirty orders of magnitude smaller than the electron. Others have tinkered with Einstein's theory of relativity in an attempt to account for the perceived effects of dark energy. Such drastic revisions to long-held tenets have encouraged some physicists to seek a more conventional solution to the accelerating universe enigma, one that does not invoke the specter of dark energy. These theories posit more mundane explanations, such as the aggregate gravitational effect of interstellar dust. Recently, four independent groups have found evidence of the integrated Sachs Wolfe effect, a phenomenon linked to the presence of dark energy. The passage is primarily concerned with .... A. defending an innovative theory B. comparing competing scientific theories C. detailing the ramifications of a finding D. describing a problem and its possible solution E. proposing a new approach to cosmology

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Mawar M

26 Januari 2022 08:08

In studying the phenomenon usually referred to as sleep, we are actually dealing with more than one phenomenon. In point of fact, we spend the night alternating between two different types of sleep, each with d ifferent brain mechanism and different purposes. As a person falls asleep, his brain waves develop a slower and less regular pattern than in a waking state. This is called orthodox sleep. In this state the brain is apparently resting. Its blood supply is reduced, and its temperature falls slightly. Breathing and heart rate are regular. The muscles remain slightly tensed. After about an hour in this state, however, the brain waves begin to show a more active pattern again, even though the person is apparently asleep very deeply. This is called paradoxical sleep because it has much in common with being awake. Paradoxical (active) sleep is marked by irregular breathing and heart rate, increased blood supply to the brain, and increased brain temperature. Most of the muscles are relaxed. There are various jerky movements of the body and face, including short burst of rapid eye movement, which indicate that we are dreaming. Thus, we spend the night alternating between these two vital 'restoration jobs' : working on the brain and working on the body. Orthodox sleep is characterized by all of the following, EXCEPT ..... A. regular heart rate and breathing B. lower brain temperature C. jerky body movements D. reduced supply of oxygen to the brain E. slightly tensed muscles

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Fifa H

26 Januari 2022 08:08

In studying the phenomenon usually referred to as sleep, we are actually dealing with more than one phenomenon. In point of fact, we spend the night alternating between two different types of sleep, each with d ifferent brain mechanism and different purposes. As a person falls asleep, his brain waves develop a slower and less regular pattern than in a waking state. This is called orthodox sleep. In this state the brain is apparently resting. Its blood supply is reduced, and its temperature falls slightly. Breathing and heart rate are regular. The muscles remain slightly tensed. After about an hour in this state, however, the brain waves begin to show a more active pattern again, even though the person is apparently asleep very deeply. This is called paradoxical sleep because it has much in common with being awake. Paradoxical (active) sleep is marked by irregular breathing and heart rate, increased blood supply to the brain, and increased brain temperature. Most of the muscles are relaxed. There are various jerky movements of the body and face, including short burst of rapid eye movement, which indicate that we are dreaming. Thus, we spend the night alternating between these two vital 'restoration jobs' : working on the brain and working on the body. The second stage of sleep is called paradoxical sleep because .... A. It comes after the orthodox phase of sleeping B. We sleep but our muscles are tense C. It is totally different form orthodox sleep D. We only dream during this phase of sleeping E. The brain is active during this phase of sleeping

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Matahari M

26 Januari 2022 08:08

In studying the phenomenon usually referred to as sleep, we are actually dealing with more than one phenomenon. In point of fact, we spend the night alternating between two different types of sleep, each with d ifferent brain mechanism and different purposes. As a person falls asleep, his brain waves develop a slower and less regular pattern than in a waking state. This is called orthodox sleep. In this state the brain is apparently resting. Its blood supply is reduced, and its temperature falls slightly. Breathing and heart rate are regular. The muscles remain slightly tensed. After about an hour in this state, however, the brain waves begin to show a more active pattern again, even though the person is apparently asleep very deeply. This is called paradoxical sleep because it has much in common with being awake. Paradoxical (active) sleep is marked by irregular breathing and heart rate, increased blood supply to the brain, and increased brain temperature. Most of the muscles are relaxed. There are various jerky movements of the body and face, including short burst of rapid eye movement, which indicate that we are dreaming. Thus, we spend the night alternating between these two vital 'restoration jobs' : working on the brain and working on the body. It seems that our brain gets some rest .... A. after several hours of sleeping B. during the orthodox sleep C. before and after the orthodox sleep D. when we wake up from sleeping E. during the paradoxical sleep

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Melati M

26 Januari 2022 08:08

In studying the phenomenon usually referred to as sleep, we are actually dealing with more than one phenomenon. In point of fact, we spend the night alternating between two different types of sleep, each with d ifferent brain mechanism and different purposes. As a person falls asleep, his brain waves develop a slower and less regular pattern than in a waking state. This is called orthodox sleep. In this state the brain is apparently resting. Its blood supply is reduced, and its temperature falls slightly. Breathing and heart rate are regular. The muscles remain slightly tensed. After about an hour in this state, however, the brain waves begin to show a more active pattern again, even though the person is apparently asleep very deeply. This is called paradoxical sleep because it has much in common with being awake. Paradoxical (active) sleep is marked by irregular breathing and heart rate, increased blood supply to the brain, and increased brain temperature. Most of the muscles are relaxed. There are various jerky movements of the body and face, including short burst of rapid eye movement, which indicate that we are dreaming. Thus, we spend the night alternating between these two vital 'restoration jobs' : working on the brain and working on the body. The two different types of sleep are characterized by different .... A. lengths of sleep B. degrees of soundness C. sleep movements D. brain wave pattern E. eye movements

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Mawar M

26 Januari 2022 08:08

In 1775. James Adair published History of the American I nd ians, a work that historians have quoted as an insight into the characteristics of eighteenth-century Cherokee society. Residing with the Cherokee for over forty years, the British Adair was considered an expert on the subject. However, his depiction of events has lead to a false conclusion, a fault made by those who were not accurately pinpointing the timeline at which his observations were made. Adair noted that the Cherokee were settling in towns with some distance between each other because "the land will not admit any other settlement." The conclusion drawn from this statement was that the deterioration of the Cherokee society was caused by a depletion of resources such as crops, acreage, and wild life. However, new findings suggest that it was outside stressors, such as warfare, that lead to the collapse. What, then, of Adair's assertion? A recent study noted that because Adair chronicled h is experiences over a forty-year period, his quote could have referred to any interval within that span, not necessari ly the final stage of the society. Furthermore, after carefully examining cartographical data, which depicted an abundance of land, anthropologists determined that the Cherokee society must have flourished until the French and Indian wars added unexpected pressure and also usurped precious time that could have been spent farming. With which of the following statements would the author of the passage most likely agree? A. The Cherokee brought about their own demise by settl ing in towns too close to one another. B. It is impossible for a British academic to fully understand the plight of the Cherokee. C. During the forty years Adair lived with the Cherokee, their settlement pattern probably did not change dramatically. D. Once he has died, it is impossible to pin down exactly when an anthropologist may have received a quote. E. James Adair should have been more careful in assigning meaning to quotations he received from Cherokee people

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Jawaban terverifikasi
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