Since 1929, physicists have known that the univers...

Question

Since 1929, physicists have known that the universe is expanding. Most physicists hold that the entire observable universe was condensed into a tiny area of exceptional density and that this initial mass exploded outward in what is commonly referred to as the "Big Bang." The universe has been expanding steadily ever since this cataclysmic event and most physicists naturally assumed that this expansion must be gradually slowing down. Some theorists even predicted that the gravitational pull of the universe would cause the eventual contraction of the universe-the "Big Crunch." However, in 1998, a team of observers studying supernovae made a shocking discovery. Instead of slowing down, the expansion of the universe is accelerating. In fact, the acceleration appeared to have begun some 10 billion years ago. Later measurements of the cosmic microwave background and a survey of the distribution of galaxies seem to corroborate the initial finding that the expansion of the universe is indeed accelerating.

Cosmologists believe the most likely explanation for the acceleration of the universe's expansion is an entity known as dark eriergy According to theory, dark energy should account for approximately twothirds of the total cosmic energy density. It also is believed to be gravitationally repulsive and diffused throughout the areas of space unoccupied y galaxies. Although theoretically possible, dark energy, if it were found to exist, would provide theorists with a number of difficulties and perhaps even require an extensive rethinking of fundamental physics. Some cosmologists believe that the existence of dark energy impl ies the existence of subatomic particles more than thirty orders of magnitude smaller than the electron. Others have tinkered with Einstein's theory of relativity in an attempt to account for the perceived effects of dark energy.

Such drastic revisions to long-held tenets have encouraged some physicists to seek a more conventional solution to the accelerating universe enigma, one that does not invoke the specter of dark energy. These theories posit more mundane explanations, such as the aggregate gravitational effect of interstellar dust. Recently, four independent groups have found evidence of the integrated Sachs Wolfe effect, a phenomenon linked to the presence of dark energy.

The passage is primarily concerned with ....
A. defending an innovative theory
B. comparing competing scientific theories
C. detailing the ramifications of a finding
D. describing a problem and its possible solution
E. proposing a new approach to cosmology

D. Nur · Accepted Answer

Halo, Melati. Kakak bantu jawab, ya.

Jawaban yang benar untuk soal ini adalah C. detailing the ramification of a finding.

Soal ini menanyakan fokus utama teks yang tertera.

Teks di soal ini intinya membahas tentang perluasan alam semesta.

Pada paragraf 1, penulis menunjukkan hasil penelitian mengenai meningkatnya kecepatan perluasan alam semesta. Sebagai contoh, perhatikan dua kalimat berikut:

"However, in 1998, a team of observers studying supernovae made a shocking discovery. Instead of slowing down, the expansion of the universe is accelerating".

Dua kalimat tersebut memiliki arti:

"Namun, di tahun 1998, tim peneliti yang meneliti supernova membuahkan penemuan yang mengejutkan. Dibanding melambat, perluasan alam semesta malah meningkat kecepatannya".

Pada paragraf 2, penulis menunjukkan teori energi gelap yang diyakini oleh para ahli kosmologi sebagai penyebab meningkatnya kecepatan perluasan alam semesta. Sebagai contoh, perhatikan kalimat berikut:

"Cosmologists believe the most likely explanation for the acceleration of the universe's expansion is an entity known as dark energy".

Kalimat tersebut memiliki arti:

"Ahli kosmologi meyakini bahwa penjelasan paling mungkin untuk meningkatnya kecepatan perluasan alam semesta adalah karena sebuah entitas yang diketahui sebagai energi gelap".

Pada paragraf 3, penulis menunjukkan hasil penelitian yang dapat memberikan solusi dari fenomena meningkatnya kecepatan perluasan alam semesta. Sebagai contoh, perhatikan kalimat berikut:

" Recently, four independent groups have found evidence of the integrated Sachs Wolfe effect, a phenomenon linked to the presence of dark energy".

Kalimat tersebut memiliki arti:

"Baru-baru ini, empat kelompok independed telah menemukan bukti dari bersatunya efek Sachs Wolf, fenomena yang berkaitan dengan adanya energi gelap".

Berdasarkan penjelasan di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa teks di soal ini lebih fokus pada merinci penemuan terkait meningkatnya kecepatan perluasan alam semesta beserta cabang penemuannya, yaitu penemuan mengenai energi gelap (dark energy) dan fenomena efek Sachs Wolfe.

Dari pilihan A sampai E, yang cocok dengan kesimpulan tersebut adalah pilihan C.

Jadi, jawaban yang benar adalah C. detailing the ramification of a finding.

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