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UTBK/SNBT Bahasa Inggris: Pertanyaan, Jawaban, Latihan Soal & Pembahasan

Urutkan

Okedia O

27 Januari 2022 02:28

Text A The pressurized-water reactor (PWR) evolved from the reactor design for the propulsion system of the world's first nuclear submarine the U.S.S. Nautilus, launched in January 1954, A 60-MW prototype PWR installed at Shipping port, Pa., for electric power generation began delivering for commercial use i_n 1957. This was the first nuclear power plant in the United States. In the PWR, ordinary pure water under pressure is used both as the moderator and the coolant. A moderator is used in a reactor core to slow down the neutrons from their initial fission energies because lower-energy neutrons have a greater probability of being absorbed in the fuel to produce more fissions. The heat from the nuclear chain reaction is removed from the reactor by a coolant, which may include ordinary water, heavy water, liquid metal, molten salt, or gas. The water passes through the reactor core at a pressure of about 2.250 pounds per square inch and a temperature of 600°F (315°C) enters a heat exchanger in which steam is produced to drive a turbine, which in turn drives an electric generator. There are two distinct fluid loops in the design so that the coolant for the reactor core does not mix with the fluid for driving the turbine. Because of the high pressure in the coolant loop, the water there cannot boil, even at a temperature of 600°F. A PWR constructed for commercial power generation is very large because a large reactor provides power at a lower unit cost than a smaller reactor does. Text B The boiling water reactor (BWR) was developed from PWR.In the BWR, cooling water enters the reactor core and is heated when it travels between the nuclear fuel elements. The water boils under the influence of the heat generated in the reactor core. The steam is collected at the top of the reactor vessel and is subsequently delivered to a turbine that drives an electric generator. The pressure in the reactor is kept at about 1.000 psi (2 kgs/sq em), and the steam temperature is about 545UF (285°C). Under these conditions, boiling can occur. A single-cycle BWR has on.ly one fluid loop and thus has fewer main components than does a PWR. In a -dual cycle BWR, a secondary fluid is used for the production of steam. The components of a BWR tend to be very large. For an 800-MW electrical power plant, a reactor vessel about 70 feet (21 meters) high and 20 feet (6 meters) in diameter is required. The Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant consists of six BWRs. On March 11, 2011, reactors 4, 5 and 6 had been shut down prior to the earthquake for planned maintenance. The remaining reactors were shut down automatically after the earthquake, but the subsequent tsunami flooded the plant, knocking out emergency generators needed to run pumps which cool and control the reactors. Over the following days there was evidence of partial nuclear meltdowns in reactors 1, 2 and 3; hydrogen explosions destroyed the upper cladding of the building housing reactors 1 and 3; an explosion damaged reactor 2's containment; and severe fires broke out at reactor 4. 14. Bassed on the two texts, we can hypothesize that.. (A) bigger reactor vessels are safer and more cost-efficent than the smaller ones (B) the more electric power needed, the more and bigger reactor vessel required (C) the more electric power produced, the more efficient the plan will be (D) the smaller the nuclear reactor, the more efficient its unit cost will be (E) bigger reactor vessels are more expensive than those of smaller size

1

1

Jawaban terverifikasi

Bella B

27 Januari 2022 02:28

Text A The pressurized-water reactor (PWR) evolved from the reactor design for the propulsion system of the world's first nuclear submarine the U.S.S. Nautilus, launched in January 1954, A 60-MW prototype PWR installed at Shipping port, Pa., for electric power generation began delivering for commercial use i_n 1957. This was the first nuclear power plant in the United States. In the PWR, ordinary pure water under pressure is used both as the moderator and the coolant. A moderator is used in a reactor core to slow down the neutrons from their initial fission energies because lower-energy neutrons have a greater probability of being absorbed in the fuel to produce more fissions. The heat from the nuclear chain reaction is removed from the reactor by a coolant, which may include ordinary water, heavy water, liquid metal, molten salt, or gas. The water passes through the reactor core at a pressure of about 2.250 pounds per square inch and a temperature of 600°F (315°C) enters a heat exchanger in which steam is produced to drive a turbine, which in turn drives an electric generator. There are two distinct fluid loops in the design so that the coolant for the reactor core does not mix with the fluid for driving the turbine. Because of the high pressure in the coolant loop, the water there cannot boil, even at a temperature of 600°F. A PWR constructed for commercial power generation is very large because a large reactor provides power at a lower unit cost than a smaller reactor does. Text B The boiling water reactor (BWR) was developed from PWR.In the BWR, cooling water enters the reactor core and is heated when it travels between the nuclear fuel elements. The water boils under the influence of the heat generated in the reactor core. The steam is collected at the top of the reactor vessel and is subsequently delivered to a turbine that drives an electric generator. The pressure in the reactor is kept at about 1.000 psi (2 kgs/sq em), and the steam temperature is about 545UF (285°C). Under these conditions, boiling can occur. A single-cycle BWR has on.ly one fluid loop and thus has fewer main components than does a PWR. In a -dual cycle BWR, a secondary fluid is used for the production of steam. The components of a BWR tend to be very large. For an 800-MW electrical power plant, a reactor vessel about 70 feet (21 meters) high and 20 feet (6 meters) in diameter is required. The Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant consists of six BWRs. On March 11, 2011, reactors 4, 5 and 6 had been shut down prior to the earthquake for planned maintenance. The remaining reactors were shut down automatically after the earthquake, but the subsequent tsunami flooded the plant, knocking out emergency generators needed to run pumps which cool and control the reactors. Over the following days there was evidence of partial nuclear meltdowns in reactors 1, 2 and 3; hydrogen explosions destroyed the upper cladding of the building housing reactors 1 and 3; an explosion damaged reactor 2's containment; and severe fires broke out at reactor 4. 13. Which of the following statements is supported by both texts? (A) BWR power plants are more prone to earthquake than those of PWR (B) BWR nuclear power plants can stand severe earthquakes but not tsunamis (C) PWR yields steam through pressuised water; BWR through boiling water (D) PWR nuclear vessels are more efficient and cheaper than those of BWR (E) The size of PWR and BWR is much smaller than that of the modern one

1

1

Jawaban terverifikasi

Diandra D

27 Januari 2022 02:28

Text A The pressurized-water reactor (PWR) evolved from the reactor design for the propulsion system of the world's first nuclear submarine the U.S.S. Nautilus, launched in January 1954, A 60-MW prototype PWR installed at Shipping port, Pa., for electric power generation began delivering for commercial use i_n 1957. This was the first nuclear power plant in the United States. In the PWR, ordinary pure water under pressure is used both as the moderator and the coolant. A moderator is used in a reactor core to slow down the neutrons from their initial fission energies because lower-energy neutrons have a greater probability of being absorbed in the fuel to produce more fissions. The heat from the nuclear chain reaction is removed from the reactor by a coolant, which may include ordinary water, heavy water, liquid metal, molten salt, or gas. The water passes through the reactor core at a pressure of about 2.250 pounds per square inch and a temperature of 600°F (315°C) enters a heat exchanger in which steam is produced to drive a turbine, which in turn drives an electric generator. There are two distinct fluid loops in the design so that the coolant for the reactor core does not mix with the fluid for driving the turbine. Because of the high pressure in the coolant loop, the water there cannot boil, even at a temperature of 600°F. A PWR constructed for commercial power generation is very large because a large reactor provides power at a lower unit cost than a smaller reactor does. Text B The boiling water reactor (BWR) was developed from PWR.In the BWR, cooling water enters the reactor core and is heated when it travels between the nuclear fuel elements. The water boils under the influence of the heat generated in the reactor core. The steam is collected at the top of the reactor vessel and is subsequently delivered to a turbine that drives an electric generator. The pressure in the reactor is kept at about 1.000 psi (2 kgs/sq em), and the steam temperature is about 545UF (285°C). Under these conditions, boiling can occur. A single-cycle BWR has on.ly one fluid loop and thus has fewer main components than does a PWR. In a -dual cycle BWR, a secondary fluid is used for the production of steam. The components of a BWR tend to be very large. For an 800-MW electrical power plant, a reactor vessel about 70 feet (21 meters) high and 20 feet (6 meters) in diameter is required. The Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant consists of six BWRs. On March 11, 2011, reactors 4, 5 and 6 had been shut down prior to the earthquake for planned maintenance. The remaining reactors were shut down automatically after the earthquake, but the subsequent tsunami flooded the plant, knocking out emergency generators needed to run pumps which cool and control the reactors. Over the following days there was evidence of partial nuclear meltdowns in reactors 1, 2 and 3; hydrogen explosions destroyed the upper cladding of the building housing reactors 1 and 3; an explosion damaged reactor 2's containment; and severe fires broke out at reactor 4. 12. Which of the following is factual information supported by both texts? (A) Electricity is produced in the reactor core when boiling occurs (B) Water boils because the temperature is kept above 5455UF (C) The smaller reactor is more efficient than the bigger one (D) two fluid loops are used as a coolant and as a steam collector (E) similar pressurised water is used to generated heat and steam

1

1

Jawaban terverifikasi

Jongdi J

27 Januari 2022 02:28

Text A The pressurized-water reactor (PWR) evolved from the reactor design for the propulsion system of the world's first nuclear submarine the U.S.S. Nautilus, launched in January 1954, A 60-MW prototype PWR installed at Shipping port, Pa., for electric power generation began delivering for commercial use i_n 1957. This was the first nuclear power plant in the United States. In the PWR, ordinary pure water under pressure is used both as the moderator and the coolant. A moderator is used in a reactor core to slow down the neutrons from their initial fission energies because lower-energy neutrons have a greater probability of being absorbed in the fuel to produce more fissions. The heat from the nuclear chain reaction is removed from the reactor by a coolant, which may include ordinary water, heavy water, liquid metal, molten salt, or gas. The water passes through the reactor core at a pressure of about 2.250 pounds per square inch and a temperature of 600°F (315°C) enters a heat exchanger in which steam is produced to drive a turbine, which in turn drives an electric generator. There are two distinct fluid loops in the design so that the coolant for the reactor core does not mix with the fluid for driving the turbine. Because of the high pressure in the coolant loop, the water there cannot boil, even at a temperature of 600°F. A PWR constructed for commercial power generation is very large because a large reactor provides power at a lower unit cost than a smaller reactor does. Text B The boiling water reactor (BWR) was developed from PWR.In the BWR, cooling water enters the reactor core and is heated when it travels between the nuclear fuel elements. The water boils under the influence of the heat generated in the reactor core. The steam is collected at the top of the reactor vessel and is subsequently delivered to a turbine that drives an electric generator. The pressure in the reactor is kept at about 1.000 psi (2 kgs/sq em), and the steam temperature is about 545UF (285°C). Under these conditions, boiling can occur. A single-cycle BWR has on.ly one fluid loop and thus has fewer main components than does a PWR. In a -dual cycle BWR, a secondary fluid is used for the production of steam. The components of a BWR tend to be very large. For an 800-MW electrical power plant, a reactor vessel about 70 feet (21 meters) high and 20 feet (6 meters) in diameter is required. The Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant consists of six BWRs. On March 11, 2011, reactors 4, 5 and 6 had been shut down prior to the earthquake for planned maintenance. The remaining reactors were shut down automatically after the earthquake, but the subsequent tsunami flooded the plant, knocking out emergency generators needed to run pumps which cool and control the reactors. Over the following days there was evidence of partial nuclear meltdowns in reactors 1, 2 and 3; hydrogen explosions destroyed the upper cladding of the building housing reactors 1 and 3; an explosion damaged reactor 2's containment; and severe fires broke out at reactor 4. 11. From the two texts, we can conclude that, in both PWR and BWR ... (A) two fluid loops are used to avoid the mixture of coolant and tea (B) pressurised pure water is used as a moderator and a coolant (C) reactors can be shut down automatically after an earthquake (D) pressurised pure water is used as a moderator and a coolant (E) steam is delivered to drive the turbine to generate electricity

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1

Jawaban terverifikasi

Okedia O

27 Januari 2022 02:28

The most common causes of tsunamis are underwater earthquakes. To understand underwater earthquakes, you must first understand plate tectonics. The theory of plate tectonics suggests that the lithosphere, or top layer of the Earth, is made up of a series of huge plates. These plates make up the continents and seafloor. They rest on an underlying viscous called the asthenosphere. Think of a pie cut into eight slices. The pie crust would be the lithosphere and the hot, sticky pie filling underneath would be the asthenosphere. On the Earth, these plates are constantly in motion, moving along each other at a speed of 1 to 2 inches (2.5-5 em) per year. The movement occurs most dramatically along fault lines (where the pie is cut). These motions are capable of producing earthquakes and volcanism, which, when they occur at the bottom of the ocean, are two possible sources of tsunamis. When two plates come into contact at a region known as a plate boundary, a heavier plate can slip under a lighter one. This is called subduction. Underwater subduction often leaves enormous "hand prints" in the form of deep ocean trenches a long the seafloor. In some cases of subduction, part of the seafloor connected to the lighter plate may "snap up" suddenly due to pressure from the sinking plate. This result in an earthquake. The focus of the earthquake is the point within the Earth where the rupture first occurs, rocks break and the first seismic waves a re generated. The epicenter is the point on the seafloor directly above the focus. When this piece of the plate snaps up and sends tons of rock shooting upward with tremendous force, the energy of that force is transferred to the water. The energy pushes the water upward above normal sea level. Th is is the birth of a tsunami. The earthquake that generated the December 26, 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean was a 9.0 on the Richter scale - one of the biggest in recorded history. 10 The following is mentioned is the text about tsunamis, EXPECT that they are... (A) predictable fallowing any incidence of earthquake (B) close the rise of sea levels from the sinking plate (C) connectect to deep ocean trenches along sea floors (D) related to strong movements of plate tectonics (E) highly linked to underwater earthquakes

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1

Jawaban terverifikasi

Bella B

27 Januari 2022 02:28

The most common causes of tsunamis are underwater earthquakes. To understand underwater earthquakes, you must first understand plate tectonics. The theory of plate tectonics suggests that the lithosphere, or top layer of the Earth, is made up of a series of huge plates. These plates make up the continents and seafloor. They rest on an underlying viscous called the asthenosphere. Think of a pie cut into eight slices. The pie crust would be the lithosphere and the hot, sticky pie filling underneath would be the asthenosphere. On the Earth, these plates are constantly in motion, moving along each other at a speed of 1 to 2 inches (2.5-5 em) per year. The movement occurs most dramatically along fault lines (where the pie is cut). These motions are capable of producing earthquakes and volcanism, which, when they occur at the bottom of the ocean, are two possible sources of tsunamis. When two plates come into contact at a region known as a plate boundary, a heavier plate can slip under a lighter one. This is called subduction. Underwater subduction often leaves enormous "hand prints" in the form of deep ocean trenches a long the seafloor. In some cases of subduction, part of the seafloor connected to the lighter plate may "snap up" suddenly due to pressure from the sinking plate. This result in an earthquake. The focus of the earthquake is the point within the Earth where the rupture first occurs, rocks break and the first seismic waves a re generated. The epicenter is the point on the seafloor directly above the focus. When this piece of the plate snaps up and sends tons of rock shooting upward with tremendous force, the energy of that force is transferred to the water. The energy pushes the water upward above normal sea level. Th is is the birth of a tsunami. The earthquake that generated the December 26, 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean was a 9.0 on the Richter scale - one of the biggest in recorded history. 9. which the following natural disaster happening in Indonesia is retated to the fault movement of plate tectonics? (A) Volcanic eruptions (B) Soil erosion (C) Landslides (D) Floods (E) disasters

9

1

Jawaban terverifikasi

Diandra D

27 Januari 2022 02:28

The most common causes of tsunamis are underwater earthquakes. To understand underwater earthquakes, you must first understand plate tectonics. The theory of plate tectonics suggests that the lithosphere, or top layer of the Earth, is made up of a series of huge plates. These plates make up the continents and seafloor. They rest on an underlying viscous called the asthenosphere. Think of a pie cut into eight slices. The pie crust would be the lithosphere and the hot, sticky pie filling underneath would be the asthenosphere. On the Earth, these plates are constantly in motion, moving along each other at a speed of 1 to 2 inches (2.5-5 em) per year. The movement occurs most dramatically along fault lines (where the pie is cut). These motions are capable of producing earthquakes and volcanism, which, when they occur at the bottom of the ocean, are two possible sources of tsunamis. When two plates come into contact at a region known as a plate boundary, a heavier plate can slip under a lighter one. This is called subduction. Underwater subduction often leaves enormous "hand prints" in the form of deep ocean trenches a long the seafloor. In some cases of subduction, part of the seafloor connected to the lighter plate may "snap up" suddenly due to pressure from the sinking plate. This result in an earthquake. The focus of the earthquake is the point within the Earth where the rupture first occurs, rocks break and the first seismic waves a re generated. The epicenter is the point on the seafloor directly above the focus. When this piece of the plate snaps up and sends tons of rock shooting upward with tremendous force, the energy of that force is transferred to the water. The energy pushes the water upward above normal sea level. Th is is the birth of a tsunami. The earthquake that generated the December 26, 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean was a 9.0 on the Richter scale - one of the biggest in recorded history. 8. Implied in the text is that the earthquake will never occur when... (A) the subduction is envidenced (B) seismic wave are generated (C) no fault line of plate tectonics happens (D) havier plates and lighter ones break up (E) ocean trenches lie along the seashore

2

1

Jawaban terverifikasi

Jongdi J

27 Januari 2022 02:28

The most common causes of tsunamis are underwater earthquakes. To understand underwater earthquakes, you must first understand plate tectonics. The theory of plate tectonics suggests that the lithosphere, or top layer of the Earth, is made up of a series of huge plates. These plates make up the continents and seafloor. They rest on an underlying viscous called the asthenosphere. Think of a pie cut into eight slices. The pie crust would be the lithosphere and the hot, sticky pie filling underneath would be the asthenosphere. On the Earth, these plates are constantly in motion, moving along each other at a speed of 1 to 2 inches (2.5-5 em) per year. The movement occurs most dramatically along fault lines (where the pie is cut). These motions are capable of producing earthquakes and volcanism, which, when they occur at the bottom of the ocean, are two possible sources of tsunamis. When two plates come into contact at a region known as a plate boundary, a heavier plate can slip under a lighter one. This is called subduction. Underwater subduction often leaves enormous "hand prints" in the form of deep ocean trenches a long the seafloor. In some cases of subduction, part of the seafloor connected to the lighter plate may "snap up" suddenly due to pressure from the sinking plate. This result in an earthquake. The focus of the earthquake is the point within the Earth where the rupture first occurs, rocks break and the first seismic waves a re generated. The epicenter is the point on the seafloor directly above the focus. When this piece of the plate snaps up and sends tons of rock shooting upward with tremendous force, the energy of that force is transferred to the water. The energy pushes the water upward above normal sea level. Th is is the birth of a tsunami. The earthquake that generated the December 26, 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean was a 9.0 on the Richter scale - one of the biggest in recorded history. 7. The main idea of this text is that... (A) deep ecea trench is a result of an eartquake (B) the energy of subduction can lead to the carthguakes (C) plate tectonics lead to an earthquake and volcanism (D) tsunamis is the Indian Ocean are the biggest in the history (E) strong movements of undersea fault lines cause tsunamis

38

1

Jawaban terverifikasi

Okedia O

27 Januari 2022 02:28

The most common causes of tsunamis are underwater earthquakes. To understand underwater earthquakes, you must first understand plate tectonics. The theory of plate tectonics suggests that the lithosphere, or top layer of the Earth, is made up of a series of huge plates. These plates make up the continents and seafloor. They rest on an underlying viscous called the asthenosphere. Think of a pie cut into eight slices. The pie crust would be the lithosphere and the hot, sticky pie filling underneath would be the asthenosphere. On the Earth, these plates are constantly in motion, moving along each other at a speed of 1 to 2 inches (2.5-5 em) per year. The movement occurs most dramatically along fault lines (where the pie is cut). These motions are capable of producing earthquakes and volcanism, which, when they occur at the bottom of the ocean, are two possible sources of tsunamis. When two plates come into contact at a region known as a plate boundary, a heavier plate can slip under a lighter one. This is called subduction. Underwater subduction often leaves enormous "hand prints" in the form of deep ocean trenches a long the seafloor. In some cases of subduction, part of the seafloor connected to the lighter plate may "snap up" suddenly due to pressure from the sinking plate. This result in an earthquake. The focus of the earthquake is the point within the Earth where the rupture first occurs, rocks break and the first seismic waves a re generated. The epicenter is the point on the seafloor directly above the focus. When this piece of the plate snaps up and sends tons of rock shooting upward with tremendous force, the energy of that force is transferred to the water. The energy pushes the water upward above normal sea level. Th is is the birth of a tsunami. The earthquake that generated the December 26, 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean was a 9.0 on the Richter scale - one of the biggest in recorded history. 6. Which of the following best states the topic of this text? (A) The birth of tsunami (B) The magnitude of tsunamis (C) Tsunamis is the Indian Ocean (D) Suries of huge plates on earth (E) Lithosphere and asthenosphere

8

1

Jawaban terverifikasi

Diandra D

27 Januari 2022 02:28

Delivering medicine to the world’s poorest people is a challenge. Hot, poor places such as Tanzania have many microbes but microscopic health budgets. Dangerous myths deter many sick rural folk from seeking medical help. Even if they do seek help, it is often unavailable, for they do not have the money to pay for it, and their government rarely has the money to give it to them for free. Because they cannot afford adequate health care, poor people are sick a lot of the time. And because they are sick a lot of the time, they find it hard to put in the long hours of productive labour that might make them less poor. All hope is not lost, however. A recent experiment in Tanzania has shown that a small health budget can go a long way, provided that the money is spent with care. With the help of a Canadian charity, the Tanzanian health ministry set up a health project in two rural districts, with a combined population of about 700,000. Five years ago, annual health spending in Tanzania was about 8 a head. This figure included an estimate for the annual cost of trained staff. The charity added 2 a head to the pot, on condition that it was spent rationally. By this, the donors meant that the amount of money spent on fighting a particular disease should reflect the burden that disease imposed on the local population. This may sound obvious; however, in this region, no one had a clue which diseases caused the most trouble, so the first task was to find out. Researchers were sent out to carry out a door-to-door survey, asking representative households whether anyone had been ill or died recently, and if so with what symptoms. These raw numbers were then crunched to produce a ‘burden of disease’ profile for the two districts. In other words, researchers sought to measure how many years of life were being lost to each disease, including the damage done to families when breadwinners die. They then compared their results with the amount spent by the local health authorities on each disease and found that it bore no relation whatsoever to the harm which the disease inflicted on local people. Some diseases were horribly neglected, such as malaria, which accounted for 30% of the years of life lost but only 5% of the health budget. Other conditions, meanwhile, attracted more than their fair share of cash. Tuberculosis, which accounted for less than 4% of years of life lost, received 22% of the budget. This tiny infusion of cash from the Canadians, in the form of an extra 2 a head, was enough to allow the districts health authorities to make their spending reflect the disease burden. The results of all this were stunning. Infant mortality fell by 28% between 1999 and 2000 and the proportion of children dying before their fifth birthday dropped by 14%. 20. The purpose of the writer in writing this article is probably to ___ (A) Show how genereous foreign institutions can be in helping other countries (B) Persuade other countries to copy the Tanzanian model (C) Show how the money is spent is more important than how much is spent (D) Explain the types of diseases people cain find in Tanzania (E) invite donors to donate money te countries i need of cash

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