The following text is for questions 10 to 13.

Pantheon

    Pantheon, building in Rome that was begun in -27 BC by the statesman Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, is probably a building of the ordinary Classical temple type-rectangular with a gabled roof supported by a colonnade on all sides. It was completely rebuilt by the emperor Hadrian sometime between 118 and 128 AD, and some alterations were made in the early 3rd century by the emperors Septimius Severns and Caracalla. It is a circular building of concrete faced with brick, with a great concrete dome rising from the walls and with a front porch of Corinthian columns supporting a gabled roof with triangular pediment. Beneath the porch are huge bronze double doors, 24 feet (7 meters) high, the earliest-known large examples of this type.

    The Pantheon is remarkable for its size, its construction, and its design. Until modern times, the dome was the largest built, measuring about 142 feet (43 meters) in diameter and rising to a height of 71 feet (22 meters) above its base. There is no external evidence of brick arch support inside the dome, except in the lowest part, and the exact method of construction has never been determined. Two factors, however, are known to have contributed to its success: the excellent quality of the mortar used in the concrete and the careful selection and grading of the aggregate material, which ranges from heavy basalt in the foundations of the building and the lower part of the walls, through brick and tufa (a stone formed from volcanic dust), to the lightest of pumice toward the center of the vault. In addition, the uppermost third of the drum of the walls, seen from the outside, coincides with the lower part of the dome, seen from the inside, and helps contain the thrust with internal brick arches. The drum itself is strengthened by huge brick arches and piers set above one another inside the walls, which are 20 feet (6 meters) thick.

    The porch is conventional in design, but the body ofthe building, an immense circular space lit solely by the iight that floods through the 27-foot (8-meter) "eye," or oculus, opening at the center of the dome, was revolutionary; possibly this was the first of several great buildings of antiquity that were designed to favor the interior rather than the exterior. In contrast to the plain appearance of the outside, the interior of the building is lined with colored marble, and the walls are marked by seven deep recesses, screened by pairs of columns whose modest size gives scale to the immensity of the rotunda. Rectangular coffers, or indentations, were cut in the ceiling, probably under Severus, and decorated with bronze rosettes and molding.

(Adopted· from; httpsJ/www.tlritannica.com/topic/Pantheon-building-Romeltaly (October 22, 2018))

What was Pantheon used for?