Ion kompleks [ Co ( CN ) 6 ​ ] 3 − memiliki geometri ....

Pembahasan

Keberadaan ligan pada ion kompleks ini memegang peran penting dalam hal geometri ion kompleks. Hal ini dapat terjadi, karena adanya perbedaan kekuatan ligan. Ligan itu dibedakan menjadi 2, ada ligan kuat dan juga ada ligan lemah. Ligan kuat }\mathrm{CN}^-{\color[rgb]{0.0, 0.0, 1.0}>}{\mathrm{NO}}_2^-{\color[rgb]{0.0, 0.0, 1.0}>}{\mathrm{NH}}_3{\color[rgb]{0.0, 0.0, 1.0}>}\mathrm{SCN}^-" data-mathml="«math class=¨wrs_chemistry¨ xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«mi»CO«/mi»«mo mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»§#62;«/mo»«msup»«mi»CN«/mi»«mo»-«/mo»«/msup»«mo mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»§#62;«/mo»«msup»«msub»«mi»NO«/mi»«mn»2«/mn»«/msub»«mo»-«/mo»«/msup»«mo mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»§#62;«/mo»«msub»«mi»NH«/mi»«mn»3«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»§#62;«/mo»«msup»«mi»SCN«/mi»«mo»-«/mo»«/msup»«/math»" role="math" 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style="max-width: none;"> Ligan lemah }{\mathrm C}_2{\mathrm O}_4^{2-}{\color[rgb]{0.0, 0.0, 1.0}>}\mathrm{OH}^-{\color[rgb]{0.0, 0.0, 1.0}>}\mathrm F^-{\color[rgb]{0.0, 0.0, 1.0}>}\mathrm{Cl}^-{\color[rgb]{0.0, 0.0, 1.0}>}\mathrm{Br}^-{\color[rgb]{0.0, 0.0, 1.0}>}\mathrm I^-" data-mathml="«math class=¨wrs_chemistry¨ xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»H«/mi»«mn»2«/mn»«/msub»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»O«/mi»«mo mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»§#62;«/mo»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»C«/mi»«mn»2«/mn»«/msub»«msup»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»O«/mi»«mn»4«/mn»«/msub»«mrow»«mn»2«/mn»«mo»-«/mo»«/mrow»«/msup»«mo mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»§#62;«/mo»«msup»«mi»OH«/mi»«mo»-«/mo»«/msup»«mo mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»§#62;«/mo»«msup»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»F«/mi»«mo»-«/mo»«/msup»«mo mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»§#62;«/mo»«msup»«mi»Cl«/mi»«mo»-«/mo»«/msup»«mo mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»§#62;«/mo»«msup»«mi»Br«/mi»«mo»-«/mo»«/msup»«mo mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»§#62;«/mo»«msup»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»I«/mi»«mo»-«/mo»«/msup»«/math»" role="math" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="max-width: none;"> Ligan CN − merupakan ligan kuat yangdapat mengalami dua kemungkinan berikut. Jika jumlah elektron tidak berpasangan pada atom pusat berjumlah genap, ligan kuat mendesak elektron tersebut untuk berpasangan. Jika jumlah elektron tidak berpasangannya ganjil, elektron ini mengalami eksitasi ke orbital lain yang kosong. Penentuan biloks atom pusat dapat menggunakan persamaan berikut. muatan kompleks − 3 biloks Co ​ = = = ​ muatan ligan + biloks atom pusat 6 × ( − 1 ) + biloks Co + 3 ​ Pada ion Co 3 + yang memiliki jumlah elektron yang tidak berpasangan sebanyak 4 (genap), elektron didesak untuk berpasangan membentuk konfigurasi berikut. 27 ​ Co = [ 18 ​ Ar ] 4 s 2 3 d 7 27 ​ Co 3 + = [ 18 ​ Ar ] 4 s 0 3 d 6 Selanjutnya, elektron yang tidak berpasangan akan didesak untuk berpasangan. 27 ​ Co 3 + = [ 18 ​ Ar ] 3 d 6 4 s 0 4 p 0 Terdapat 2 orbital kosong pada orbital 3 d s ehingga pasangan elektron dari ligan CN − yang merupakan ligan kuat akan menempati 2 orbital kosong yang dimiliki oleh ion Co 3 + tersebut. Empat ligan sisa akan mengisi1 orbital 4 s dan3 orbital 4 p yang terhibridisasi membentuk orbital hibrida d 2 sp 3 yangmemiliki geometri oktahedral. Jadi, jawaban yang benar adalah C.