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UTBK/SNBT Bahasa Inggris: Pertanyaan, Jawaban, Latihan Soal & Pembahasan

Urutkan

Binar K

27 Januari 2022 21:55

The information and communication technology revolution can be easily recognized as the latest revolution in the history of mankind, impacting every facet of business, society, and life worldwide with a speed beyond imagination. The last centuries have seen a continuous evolution process, which started with industrial revolution at the end of 18th century. This revolution has its roots in the invention of the first electronic computers in the 1940s, continued with the development of information technology during following decades and exploded in the early 1990s. In the 1960s and 1970s, computer technology was mainly utilized in business data processing and scientific applications of a mostly number crunching nature. As a result, the-use of this technology was limited to those who had a good command of these systems and computer programming languages. With the invention of microprocessors a new idea of distributed information established itself and computers became available on a personal basis. The contemporary development of networking both on a local and a wide area (LAN and WAN) *merged* computer and information technology with telecommunication. In 1980s the matching of the two technologies Jed to the information communication technology, with a strong focus on the management and dissemination of information by both providers and users. The most noticeable explosion in the information and communication technology revolution was the creation of the World Wide Web (WWW) and each potential in the early 1990s. During the past two decades, WWW technologies have become the driving force in allowing people worldwide to communicate and exchange information ways that have created a totally new dimension in mankind, at such a point that "global villages" are the words today better describing our planet. In recent years, through the use of web-enabled technologies, organizations of all types and sizes around the world have managed to utilize these technologies to conduct both information processing and dissemination with their prospective customers, suppliers, students, and governments. These technologies, now allowing readily available information for everyone regardless of their geographic location, bring the true meaning of the information age to its full realization and prepare a new era for mankind: the knowledge society. In recent years, the science of understanding the nature of information processing and management combined with computer and telecommunkation technologies to process, disseminate, and manage information has become known as "information and communication science and technology". It has many resources and components and originated many new disciplines but, what is more, it intervenes in changing mankind's habits and life-style. (Adapted from Cartelli, A & M. Palma (Eds.) 2009, Encyclopedia of Information Communication and Technology, New York, Hersey) Which of the following is true according to the text? A. The computer was only employed by those who understood the systems and programming languages in its early development. B. Computers are primarily used for individuals. C. In global villages every individuals is connected via World Wide Web. D. An individual's habit and lifestyle determine the way in the use of information and communication technology. E. Everyone should always be aware of the future of information technology.

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1

Jawaban terverifikasi

Binar S

27 Januari 2022 21:55

The process of global warming and the destructive nature of wild fires have created a deadly cycle in which one constantly contributes to the other. Forest fire and global warming have created a dangerous relationship. The link between these two forces has become clear in recent years. As the climate becomes warmer, forests will become drier, spawning the perfect environment for fues. In addition, as forest fires continue and gain intensity, the trees release more carbon into the atmosphere which contributes to the greenhouse effect and which therefore causes global warming. The increase in the forest fires can now be seen as a factor which contributes to global warming. Trees, in the carbon cycle, are labeled a "sink" or a store for carbon. The ability of trees to store carbon dioxide has helped to reduce the amount of C02 that is pumped into the atmosphere. But, now that more trees are being burned through increased forest fires, tills stored carbon is being release and the C02 becomes part of the greenhouse gases that drive the greenhouse effect. So we believe that extra fires intensity global warming. Furthermore, carbon is released in the *decomposition* of the trees after the fire. There is no doubt that global warming and forest fires are linked to rising temperatures. Global warming is a process which has been occurring for years and whose effects have been more intensively felt by all of living creatures. Forest fires have also been recorded for years, but as mentioned they are natural process. Therefore, it would be reasonable to attack global warming first. Much work has been done already to solve this problem. Some plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as Kyoto Protocol has been in place for years, but they have shown little results. Some experts who care about global warming say that the solutions must start at home. People, who suffer from immediate effect of global warming, must realize that most of their day to day activities contribute to climate change. But, reducing what is called a "carbon footprint" is not difficult. It can be as easy as changing travel methods, instead of driving to school or working every day, biking or walking. Or it can be as easy as buying an energy efficient appliance, or switching the lights off in rooms which are not being used. Leadership for ordinary people is what it will take to fight against global warming. People must educate each other on these harmful effects and make them known. But, this process will continue to damage forests around the world unless something is done to reduce the effects of global warming. (Adapted from http://www.globalissues.org/. Accessed February 22, 2014) It is implied in the text that ... A. People can cp,mfortably survive living in the very hot world. B. The number of scientists on global warming increases every year. C. World rising temperature can only be stopped by intelligent experts. D. The education on the dangers of global warming has been well introduced. E. Everyone must be actively involved in saving the world from destruction.

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Lili R

27 Januari 2022 21:55

The process of global warming and the destructive nature of wild fires have created a deadly cycle in which one constantly contributes to the other. Forest fire and global warming have created a dangerous relationship. The link between these two forces has become clear in recent years. As the climate becomes warmer, forests will become drier, spawning the perfect environment for fues. In addition, as forest fires continue and gain intensity, the trees release more carbon into the atmosphere which contributes to the greenhouse effect and which therefore causes global warming. The increase in the forest fires can now be seen as a factor which contributes to global warming. Trees, in the carbon cycle, are labeled a "sink" or a store for carbon. The ability of trees to store carbon dioxide has helped to reduce the amount of C02 that is pumped into the atmosphere. But, now that more trees are being burned through increased forest fires, tills stored carbon is being release and the C02 becomes part of the greenhouse gases that drive the greenhouse effect. So we believe that extra fires intensity global warming. Furthermore, carbon is released in the *decomposition* of the trees after the fire. There is no doubt that global warming and forest fires are linked to rising temperatures. Global warming is a process which has been occurring for years and whose effects have been more intensively felt by all of living creatures. Forest fires have also been recorded for years, but as mentioned they are natural process. Therefore, it would be reasonable to attack global warming first. Much work has been done already to solve this problem. Some plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as Kyoto Protocol has been in place for years, but they have shown little results. Some experts who care about global warming say that the solutions must start at home. People, who suffer from immediate effect of global warming, must realize that most of their day to day activities contribute to climate change. But, reducing what is called a "carbon footprint" is not difficult. It can be as easy as changing travel methods, instead of driving to school or working every day, biking or walking. Or it can be as easy as buying an energy efficient appliance, or switching the lights off in rooms which are not being used. Leadership for ordinary people is what it will take to fight against global warming. People must educate each other on these harmful effects and make them known. But, this process will continue to damage forests around the world unless something is done to reduce the effects of global warming. (Adapted from http://www.globalissues.org/. Accessed February 22, 2014) What is the topic of the text? A. global warming and forest fires as factors contributing to rising temperatures B. the process of global warming and the nature destruction C. home solutions to anticipate the rising world temperature D. the greenhouse effect as a cause of global warming and forest fires E. the effects of global warming on the human civilization

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1

Jawaban terverifikasi

Lala S

27 Januari 2022 21:55

The process of global warming and the destructive nature of wild fires have created a deadly cycle in which one constantly contributes to the other. Forest fire and global warming have created a dangerous relationship. The link between these two forces has become clear in recent years. As the climate becomes warmer, forests will become drier, spawning the perfect environment for fues. In addition, as forest fires continue and gain intensity, the trees release more carbon into the atmosphere which contributes to the greenhouse effect and which therefore causes global warming. The increase in the forest fires can now be seen as a factor which contributes to global warming. Trees, in the carbon cycle, are labeled a "sink" or a store for carbon. The ability of trees to store carbon dioxide has helped to reduce the amount of C02 that is pumped into the atmosphere. But, now that more trees are being burned through increased forest fires, tills stored carbon is being release and the C02 becomes part of the greenhouse gases that drive the greenhouse effect. So we believe that extra fires intensity global warming. Furthermore, carbon is released in the *decomposition* of the trees after the fire. There is no doubt that global warming and forest fires are linked to rising temperatures. Global warming is a process which has been occurring for years and whose effects have been more intensively felt by all of living creatures. Forest fires have also been recorded for years, but as mentioned they are natural process. Therefore, it would be reasonable to attack global warming first. Much work has been done already to solve this problem. Some plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as Kyoto Protocol has been in place for years, but they have shown little results. Some experts who care about global warming say that the solutions must start at home. People, who suffer from immediate effect of global warming, must realize that most of their day to day activities contribute to climate change. But, reducing what is called a "carbon footprint" is not difficult. It can be as easy as changing travel methods, instead of driving to school or working every day, biking or walking. Or it can be as easy as buying an energy efficient appliance, or switching the lights off in rooms which are not being used. Leadership for ordinary people is what it will take to fight against global warming. People must educate each other on these harmful effects and make them known. But, this process will continue to damage forests around the world unless something is done to reduce the effects of global warming. (Adapted from http://www.globalissues.org/. Accessed February 22, 2014) Which of the following is closest meaning to the word "decomposition" (line 10)? A. development B. deterioration C. destruction D. depletion E. diversity

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Binar K

27 Januari 2022 21:55

The process of global warming and the destructive nature of wild fires have created a deadly cycle in which one constantly contributes to the other. Forest fire and global warming have created a dangerous relationship. The link between these two forces has become clear in recent years. As the climate becomes warmer, forests will become drier, spawning the perfect environment for fues. In addition, as forest fires continue and gain intensity, the trees release more carbon into the atmosphere which contributes to the greenhouse effect and which therefore causes global warming. The increase in the forest fires can now be seen as a factor which contributes to global warming. Trees, in the carbon cycle, are labeled a "sink" or a store for carbon. The ability of trees to store carbon dioxide has helped to reduce the amount of C02 that is pumped into the atmosphere. But, now that more trees are being burned through increased forest fires, tills stored carbon is being release and the C02 becomes part of the greenhouse gases that drive the greenhouse effect. So we believe that extra fires intensity global warming. Furthermore, carbon is released in the *decomposition* of the trees after the fire. There is no doubt that global warming and forest fires are linked to rising temperatures. Global warming is a process which has been occurring for years and whose effects have been more intensively felt by all of living creatures. Forest fires have also been recorded for years, but as mentioned they are natural process. Therefore, it would be reasonable to attack global warming first. Much work has been done already to solve this problem. Some plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as Kyoto Protocol has been in place for years, but they have shown little results. Some experts who care about global warming say that the solutions must start at home. People, who suffer from immediate effect of global warming, must realize that most of their day to day activities contribute to climate change. But, reducing what is called a "carbon footprint" is not difficult. It can be as easy as changing travel methods, instead of driving to school or working every day, biking or walking. Or it can be as easy as buying an energy efficient appliance, or switching the lights off in rooms which are not being used. Leadership for ordinary people is what it will take to fight against global warming. People must educate each other on these harmful effects and make them known. But, this process will continue to damage forests around the world unless something is done to reduce the effects of global warming. (Adapted from http://www.globalissues.org/. Accessed February 22, 2014) The purpose of the text is to ... A. report the dangers of global warming for the survival of living creatures B. persuade the reader to fight against the world rising temperature C. argue for the importance of the efforts to stop global warming D. compare between global warming and forest fires E. describe the effects of global warming

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Binar S

27 Januari 2022 21:55

The process of global warming and the destructive nature of wild fires have created a deadly cycle in which one constantly contributes to the other. Forest fire and global warming have created a dangerous relationship. The link between these two forces has become clear in recent years. As the climate becomes warmer, forests will become drier, spawning the perfect environment for fues. In addition, as forest fires continue and gain intensity, the trees release more carbon into the atmosphere which contributes to the greenhouse effect and which therefore causes global warming. The increase in the forest fires can now be seen as a factor which contributes to global warming. Trees, in the carbon cycle, are labeled a "sink" or a store for carbon. The ability of trees to store carbon dioxide has helped to reduce the amount of C02 that is pumped into the atmosphere. But, now that more trees are being burned through increased forest fires, tills stored carbon is being release and the C02 becomes part of the greenhouse gases that drive the greenhouse effect. So we believe that extra fires intensity global warming. Furthermore, carbon is released in the *decomposition* of the trees after the fire. There is no doubt that global warming and forest fires are linked to rising temperatures. Global warming is a process which has been occurring for years and whose effects have been more intensively felt by all of living creatures. Forest fires have also been recorded for years, but as mentioned they are natural process. Therefore, it would be reasonable to attack global warming first. Much work has been done already to solve this problem. Some plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as Kyoto Protocol has been in place for years, but they have shown little results. Some experts who care about global warming say that the solutions must start at home. People, who suffer from immediate effect of global warming, must realize that most of their day to day activities contribute to climate change. But, reducing what is called a "carbon footprint" is not difficult. It can be as easy as changing travel methods, instead of driving to school or working every day, biking or walking. Or it can be as easy as buying an energy efficient appliance, or switching the lights off in rooms which are not being used. Leadership for ordinary people is what it will take to fight against global warming. People must educate each other on these harmful effects and make them known. But, this process will continue to damage forests around the world unless something is done to reduce the effects of global warming. (Adapted from http://www.globalissues.org/. Accessed February 22, 2014) The text mentions all of the following, except ... A. the factors leading to world rising temperature B. the solutions against global warming C. the education about global warming D. the site of global warming E. the effects of forest fires

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Lili R

27 Januari 2022 21:55

Parents send their children to school with the best of intentions, believing that formal education is what kids need to become productive, happy adults. Many parents do have *qualms* about how well schools are performing, but the conventional wisdom is that these issues can be resolved with more money, better teachers, more challenging curricula, or more rigorous tests. But what if the real problem is school itself? The unfortunate fact is that one of our most cherished institutions is, by its very nature, failing our children and our society. Children are required to be in school, where their freedom is greatly restricted, far more than most adults would tolerate in their workplaces. In recent decades, we've been compelling them to spend ever more time in this kind of setting, and there's strong evidence that this is causing psychological damage to many of them. And as scientists have investigated how children naturally learn, they've realized that kids do so most deeply and fully, and with greatest enthusiasm, in conditions that are almost opposite to those of school. Compulsory education has been a fixture of our culture now for several generations. President Obama and Secretary of Education Anne Duncan are so enamored of it that they want even longer school days and years. Most people assume that the basic design of today's schools emerged from scientific evidence about how children learn. But nothing could be further from the truth. Schools as we know them today are a product of history, not of research. The blueprint for them was developed during the Protestant Reformation, when schools were created to teach children to read the Bible, to believe Scripture without questioning it, and to obey authority figures without questioning them. When schools were taken over by the state, made compulsory, and directed toward secular ends, the basic structureand methods of teaching remained unchanged. Subsequent attempts at reform have failed because they haven't altered the basic blueprint. The top-down, teach-and-test method, in which learning is motivated by a system of rewards and punishments rather than by curiosity or by any real desire to know, is well designed for indoctrination and obedience training but not much else. It's no wonder that many of the world's greatest entrepreneurs and innovators either left school early (like Thomas Edison) or said they hated school and learned despite it, not because of it (like Albert Einstein). What is the purpose of the text? A. To review how compulsory education in the USA has met parents'education. B. To remind American parents that the formal school is basically a product of culture. C. To tell the readers that formal schools in the USA have been constantly developed for a long time. D. To discuss if the American school system is truly effective to educate children. E. To describe how American chlldren learn at school and in the real-life settings.

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Lala S

27 Januari 2022 21:55

Parents send their children to school with the best of intentions, believing that formal education is what kids need to become productive, happy adults. Many parents do have *qualms* about how well schools are performing, but the conventional wisdom is that these issues can be resolved with more money, better teachers, more challenging curricula, or more rigorous tests. But what if the real problem is school itself? The unfortunate fact is that one of our most cherished institutions is, by its very nature, failing our children and our society. Children are required to be in school, where their freedom is greatly restricted, far more than most adults would tolerate in their workplaces. In recent decades, we've been compelling them to spend ever more time in this kind of setting, and there's strong evidence that this is causing psychological damage to many of them. And as scientists have investigated how children naturally learn, they've realized that kids do so most deeply and fully, and with greatest enthusiasm, in conditions that are almost opposite to those of school. Compulsory education has been a fixture of our culture now for several generations. President Obama and Secretary of Education Anne Duncan are so enamored of it that they want even longer school days and years. Most people assume that the basic design of today's schools emerged from scientific evidence about how children learn. But nothing could be further from the truth. Schools as we know them today are a product of history, not of research. The blueprint for them was developed during the Protestant Reformation, when schools were created to teach children to read the Bible, to believe Scripture without questioning it, and to obey authority figures without questioning them. When schools were taken over by the state, made compulsory, and directed toward secular ends, the basic structureand methods of teaching remained unchanged. Subsequent attempts at reform have failed because they haven't altered the basic blueprint. The top-down, teach-and-test method, in which learning is motivated by a system of rewards and punishments rather than by curiosity or by any real desire to know, is well designed for indoctrination and obedience training but not much else. It's no wonder that many of the world's greatest entrepreneurs and innovators either left school early (like Thomas Edison) or said they hated school and learned despite it, not because of it (like Albert Einstein). What is the topic of the text above? A. restrictions on children's freedom at the US schools B. parents'expectation on reformation in American school system C. doubts on the effectiveness of American school systems D. regulation for American children to stay longer at schools E. absence of research-based school system in the USA

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Binar K

27 Januari 2022 21:55

Parents send their children to school with the best of intentions, believing that formal education is what kids need to become productive, happy adults. Many parents do have *qualms* about how well schools are performing, but the conventional wisdom is that these issues can be resolved with more money, better teachers, more challenging curricula, or more rigorous tests. But what if the real problem is school itself? The unfortunate fact is that one of our most cherished institutions is, by its very nature, failing our children and our society. Children are required to be in school, where their freedom is greatly restricted, far more than most adults would tolerate in their workplaces. In recent decades, we've been compelling them to spend ever more time in this kind of setting, and there's strong evidence that this is causing psychological damage to many of them. And as scientists have investigated how children naturally learn, they've realized that kids do so most deeply and fully, and with greatest enthusiasm, in conditions that are almost opposite to those of school. Compulsory education has been a fixture of our culture now for several generations. President Obama and Secretary of Education Anne Duncan are so enamored of it that they want even longer school days and years. Most people assume that the basic design of today's schools emerged from scientific evidence about how children learn. But nothing could be further from the truth. Schools as we know them today are a product of history, not of research. The blueprint for them was developed during the Protestant Reformation, when schools were created to teach children to read the Bible, to believe Scripture without questioning it, and to obey authority figures without questioning them. When schools were taken over by the state, made compulsory, and directed toward secular ends, the basic structureand methods of teaching remained unchanged. Subsequent attempts at reform have failed because they haven't altered the basic blueprint. The top-down, teach-and-test method, in which learning is motivated by a system of rewards and punishments rather than by curiosity or by any real desire to know, is well designed for indoctrination and obedience training but not much else. It's no wonder that many of the world's greatest entrepreneurs and innovators either left school early (like Thomas Edison) or said they hated school and learned despite it, not because of it (like Albert Einstein). Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "qualms" (line 4)? A. beliefs B. requests C. remarks D. views E. doubts

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Binar S

27 Januari 2022 21:55

Passage 4 From formulating new cancer drugs to testing dietary supplement, mice and rats play a critical role in developing new medical wonders. In fact, 95 percents of all lab animals are mice and rats, according to the Foundation for Biomedical Research (FBR). Scientist and researchers rely on mice and rats for several reasons. One is convenience: rodents are small, easly housed and maintained, and adapt well to new surroundings. Theh also reproduce quickly and have short lifespan of two three years, so several generation of mice can be observed in relatively short period of time. Mice and rats are also relatively inexpensive and can be bought in large quantities from commercial producers that breed rodents specifically of research. The rodents are also generally mild-tempered and docile, making them easy for researchers to handle, although some types of mice and rats can be more difficult to restrain than others. (www. lifeslittlemysteries.com) Passage 5 To be sure, rodents still outnumber zebrafish in medical research labs. In 2010, biomedical research papers using mice or rats were 10 times as common as those using any other lab animals, and some biological processes-complex brain disolders or anything involving lungs - are best studied in mammals rather than fish. But for most other experiments, for watching tumors develop to screening for new drugs, zebrafish are gaining ground. Zebrafish offer three major advantages over rodents. First, they quickly make more zebrafish. A female spawns hundreds of embryos three day after fertilization; mice take three weeks to produce just 10 pups. They are also inexpensive to maintan - about 6.5 cents a day for a tank of a few dozen fish, compared with 90 cents for five mice in a cage. Finally, because larval fish are transparent, researchers can watch their organs grow, making them good for studying problem with organ development. (www.popsci. com) The idea in paragraph 3 of passage 4 that differs from that in paragraph 2 pasagges 5 deals with .... (A) Levels of the challenge in reproducing the animals (B) The animal's availability and quick regeneration (C) Inexpensiveness and easy maintenance factors (D) Straightforwardness in research observation (E) Ease in controlling and compliance of the animal

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