Pertanyaan

The text is for the following question. Onthe International Day in Support of the Victims of Torture, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has urged all states to end impunity for torture. "The prohibition of torture is absolute - under all circumstances. Yet, this core principle is undermined every day in detention centers, prisons, police stations, psychiatric institutions, and elsewhere," he said in a statementon Wednesday. The occasion, whichfalls on June 26 every year, is aimed at honoring victims of torture and reiterating global commitment to eradicating the crime. Guterres said he was encouraged that the world was moving towards universal ratification of the1984 UN Convention against Torture (CAT). "But states needed to ensure their national laws are in line with the convention in order to move from prohibiting torture from principle to practice."he said. Some 166 countries have ratified the convention, making it one of themost widely ratified international conventions. However, despite torture being condemned and criminalized widely, human rights experts say very few countries actually prosecute the offence. CAT defines torture as "any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted for such purposes as obtaining information or a confession or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain is inflicted by a public official or any person acting in an official capacity." Crucially, it also obliges states to investigate and prosecute torture, regardless of where the offence occurred. "But that happens only rarely,"said experts. Swart, M. (2019). Why do states allow impunity for torture?. Takenon June 16, 2019 from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/6/26/why-do-states-allow-impunity-for-torture. Why does Antonio mention “detention centers, prisons, police stations, and psychiatric institutions” in the second paragraph?