The question is based on the text . Two French researchers have recently proposed the ﬁrst ever model explaining how the great majority of regular satellites in our solar system were formed out of planet rings. The model, the only one of its kind, was first tested in 2010 on Saturn’s moons. It seems to account for the present distribution of "giant" planets and also explains how the satellites of the "terrestrial" planets such as Earth or Pluto came into being. These results are a major step forward in understanding and explaining the formation of planet systems across the universe. There is a fundamental (1) between giant planet systems, such as Jupiter and Saturn, and the terrestrial plants, such as Earth or Pluto. (2) the giants are surrounded by rings and a myriad of small natural satellites, the terrestrial planets have few moons, or just one, and no rings. Until now, two models have been commonly used to explain the presence of regular satellites in our solar system. These indicate that the satellites of the terrestrial planets like Earth or Pluto were formed following a giant collision. They also indicate that the satellites of the giant planets were formed in a nebula surrounded the planet. They do not, however, account for the speciﬁc distribution and chemical composition of the satellites orbiting the giant planets. In 2010 and 2011, a French research team (3) anew model to describe how Saturn’s moons came into being based on numerical simulations and Cassini probe data. The researchers discovered that Saturn’s rings, (4) are very thin disks made up of small blocks of ice surrounding the planet, in turn gave birth to ice satellites. This is due to the fact that the rings spread over time and, when they reach a certain distance from the planet (known as the Roche limit or Roche radius), their ends agglomerate and form small bodies that break oﬀ and move away. This is how rings give birth to satellites orbiting the planet. The most appropriate answer to fill in the blank number (3) is ....

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The question is based on the text.

Two French researchers have recently proposed the ﬁrst ever model explaining how the great majority of regular satellites in our solar system were formed out of planet rings. The model, the only one of its kind, was first tested in 2010 on Saturn’s moons. It seems to account for the present distribution of "giant" planets and also explains how the satellites of the "terrestrial" planets such as Earth or Pluto came into being. These results are a major step forward in understanding and explaining the formation of planet systems across the universe.

There is a fundamental (1) ____ between giant planet systems, such as Jupiter and Saturn, and the terrestrial plants, such as Earth or Pluto. (2) ____ the giants are surrounded by rings and a myriad of small natural satellites, the terrestrial planets have few moons, or just one, and no rings. Until now, two models have been commonly used to explain the presence of regular satellites in our solar system. These indicate that the satellites of the terrestrial planets like Earth or Pluto were formed following a giant collision. They also indicate that the satellites of the giant planets were formed in a nebula surrounded the planet. They do not, however, account for the speciﬁc distribution and chemical composition of the satellites orbiting the giant planets.

In 2010 and 2011, a French research team (3) ____ a new model to describe how Saturn’s moons came into being based on numerical simulations and Cassini probe data. The researchers discovered that Saturn’s rings, (4) ____ are very thin disks made up of small blocks of ice surrounding the planet, in turn gave birth to ice satellites. This is due to the fact that the rings spread over time and, when they reach a certain distance from the planet (known as the Roche limit or Roche radius), their ends agglomerate and form small bodies that break oﬀ and move away. This is how rings give birth to satellites orbiting the planet.

The most appropriate answer to fill in the blank number (3) is ....

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