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The question is based on the following passage. The food stimulating a suspicion is on course for inspiring even more wonder from a medical standpoint as scientists have reported the latest evidence that chili peppers are a heart-healthy food with potential to protect against the no. 1 cause of death in the developed world. The report was part of the 243rd National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS). The study focused on capsaicin and its fiery-hot relatives, a spicy family of substances termed "capsaicinoids." As the stuff that gives cayennes, jalapenos, habaneros and other chili peppers their heat, capsaicin already has an established role in medicine in rub-on-the-skin creams to treat arthritis and certain forms of pain. Past research suggested chat spicing food with chilies can lower blood pressure in people with that condition, reduce blood cholesterol, and ease the tendency for dangerous blood clots to form. "Our research has reinforced and expanded knowledge about how these substances in chilies work in improving heart health." said Zhen-Yu Chen, who presented the study. "We now have a clearer and more detailed portrait of their innermost effects on genes and other mechanisms that influence cholesterol and the health of blood vessels. It is among the first research to provide that information."The team found, for instance, that capsaicin and a close chemical relative boost heart health in two ways. They lower cholesterol levels by reducing accumulation of cholesterol in the body and increasing its breakdown and excretion in the feces. They also block action of a gene that makes arteries contract, restricting the flow of blood to the heart and other organs. The blocking action allows more blood to flow through blood vessels. "We concluded that capsaicinoids were beneficial in improving a range of factors related to heart and blood vessel health," said Chen, a professor of food and nutritional science at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. "But we certainly do not recommend that people start consuming chilies to an excess. A good diet is a matter of balance. And remember, chilies are no substitute for the prescription for medications proven to be beneficial. They may be a nice supplement, however, for people who find the hot flavor pleasant." Chen and his colleagues turned to hamsters for the study, animals that serve as stand-ins for humans in research that cannot be performed in people. They gave the hamsters high-cholesterol diets, divided them into groups, and supplemented each group's food with either no capsaicinoids in the control group or various amounts of capsaicinoids. The scientists then analyzed the effects. In addition to reducing total cholesterol levels in the blood, capsaicinoids reduced levels of the so-called "bad" cholesterol which deposits into blood vessels, but did not affect levels of so-called "good" cholesterol. The team found indications that capsaicinoids may reduce the size of deposits that already have formed in blood vessels, narrowing arteries in ways that can lead to heart attacks or strokes. Capsaicinoids also blocked the activity of a gene that produces cyclooxygenase-2, a substance that makes the muscles around blood vessels tighten. By blocking it, muscles can relax and widen, allowing more blood to flow. ( https://www.sciencedaily.com ) Based on the passage, the relationships between capsaicinoids and artery disorders is analogous with which of the following?

The question is based on the following passage.
 

    The food stimulating a suspicion is on course for inspiring even more wonder from a medical standpoint as scientists have reported the latest evidence that chili peppers are a heart-healthy food with potential to protect against the no. 1 cause of death in the developed world. The report was part of the 243rd National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS).

    The study focused on capsaicin and its fiery-hot relatives, a spicy family of substances termed "capsaicinoids." As the stuff that gives cayennes, jalapenos, habaneros and other chili peppers their heat, capsaicin already has an established role in medicine in rub-on-the-skin creams to treat arthritis and certain forms of pain. Past research suggested chat spicing food with chilies can lower blood pressure in people with that condition, reduce blood cholesterol, and ease the tendency for dangerous blood clots to form.

    "Our research has reinforced and expanded knowledge about how these substances in chilies work in improving heart health." said Zhen-Yu Chen, who presented the study. "We now have a clearer and more detailed portrait of their innermost effects on genes and other mechanisms that influence cholesterol and the health of blood vessels. It is among the first research to provide that information."The team found, for instance, that capsaicin and a close chemical relative boost heart health in two ways. They lower cholesterol levels by reducing accumulation of cholesterol in the body and increasing its breakdown and excretion in the feces. They also block action of a gene that makes arteries contract, restricting the flow of blood to the heart and other organs. The blocking action allows more blood to flow through blood vessels.

    "We concluded that capsaicinoids were beneficial in improving a range of factors related to heart and blood vessel health," said Chen, a professor of food and nutritional science at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. "But we certainly do not recommend that people start consuming chilies to an excess. A good diet is a matter of balance. And remember, chilies are no substitute for the prescription for medications proven to be beneficial. They may be a nice supplement, however, for people who find the hot flavor pleasant."

    Chen and his colleagues turned to hamsters for the study, animals that serve as stand-ins for humans in research that cannot be performed in people. They gave the hamsters high-cholesterol diets, divided them into groups, and supplemented each group's food with either no capsaicinoids in the control group or various amounts of capsaicinoids. The scientists then analyzed the effects.

    In addition to reducing total cholesterol levels in the blood, capsaicinoids reduced levels of the so-called "bad" cholesterol which deposits into blood vessels, but did not affect levels of so-called "good" cholesterol. The team found indications that capsaicinoids may reduce the size of deposits that already have formed in blood vessels, narrowing arteries in ways that can lead to heart attacks or strokes.

    Capsaicinoids also blocked the activity of a gene that produces cyclooxygenase-2, a substance that makes the muscles around blood vessels tighten. By blocking it, muscles can relax and widen, allowing more blood to flow.

(https://www.sciencedaily.com)


Based on the passage, the relationships between capsaicinoids and artery disorders is analogous with which of the following?space space

  1. Food and growthspace space

  2. Health and fruitspace space

  3. Drink and thirstspace space

  4. Supplement and fitnessspace space

  5. Protection and vitaminspace space

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jawaban yang tepat adalah C.

jawaban yang tepat adalah C.space space

Pembahasan

Soal menanyakan kata pada pilihan yang beranalogi dengan hubungan antara kapsaisinoid dan gangguan arteri pada teks. Untuk menentukan jawabannya, pertama sekali harus diketahui dulu hubungan antara kapsaisinoiddengan gangguan arteri yang dijelaskan pada teks. Paragraf kedua menyebutkan bahwa makanan-makanan pedas dapat mengurangi tekanan darah, mengurangi kolesterol dan meredakan gumpalan darah. Jadi, dapat diketahui bahwa kapsaisinoid(kandungan yang terdapat dalam cabai) merupakan obat untuk mengurangi gangguan arteri. Pilihan A tidak tepat karena makanan tidak dapat mengurangi pertumbuhan. Makanan justru meningkatkan pertumbuhan. Pilihan B tidak tepat karena kesehatan tidak dapat mengurangi buah. Pilihan Ctepat karena minuman dapat mengurangi rasa haus. Pilihan D tidak tepat suplemen tidak dapat mengurangi kebugaran.Suplemen justru meningkatkan kebugaran. Pilihan E tidak tepat perlindungan tidak dapat mengurangi perlindungan. Jadi, jawaban yang tepat adalah C.

Soal menanyakan kata pada pilihan yang beranalogi dengan hubungan antara kapsaisinoid dan gangguan arteri pada teks.

Untuk menentukan jawabannya, pertama sekali harus diketahui dulu hubungan antara kapsaisinoid dengan gangguan arteri yang dijelaskan pada teks.

Paragraf kedua menyebutkan bahwa makanan-makanan pedas dapat mengurangi tekanan darah, mengurangi kolesterol dan meredakan gumpalan darah. Jadi, dapat diketahui bahwa kapsaisinoid (kandungan yang terdapat dalam cabai)  merupakan obat untuk mengurangi gangguan arteri.

Pilihan tidak tepat karena makanan tidak dapat mengurangi pertumbuhan. Makanan justru meningkatkan pertumbuhan.

Pilihan B tidak tepat karena kesehatan tidak dapat mengurangi buah.

Pilihan C tepat karena minuman dapat mengurangi rasa haus.

Pilihan D tidak tepat suplemen tidak dapat mengurangi kebugaran. Suplemen justru meningkatkan kebugaran.

Pilihan E tidak tepat perlindungan tidak dapat mengurangi perlindungan.

Jadi, jawaban yang tepat adalah C.space space

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