Berikut adalah rumus kimia dan fasa dari:
- larutan ammonium klorida =
- kalsium hidroksida =
(tidak ada keterangan fasa, namun umumnya dalam fasa larutan dan padatan)
- larutan kalsium klorida =
- gas ammonia =
- air =
Persamaan reaksi lengkapnya adalah:
Namun reaksi di atas masih belum setara. Di bawah ini adalah cara menentukan koefisien reaksinya:
- Memberikan koefisien reaksi yang dinyatakan dengan variabel (a,b,c dan d) pada setiap zat
![begin mathsize 14px style italic a N H subscript 4 Cl left parenthesis italic a italic q right parenthesis plus italic b Ca open parentheses O H close parentheses subscript 2 left parenthesis italic a italic q right parenthesis yields cCaCl subscript 2 left parenthesis italic a italic q right parenthesis plus italic d N H subscript 3 open parentheses italic g close parentheses and italic e H subscript 2 O open parentheses italic l close parentheses end style](data:image/png;base64,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)
- Menyusun persamaan matematis berdasarkan kesamaan jumlah atom unsur yang sama diruas kiri dan kanan, dimana jumlah atom = koefisien
indeks
Jumlah atom N, maka koefisien a = d
Jumlah atom Ca, maka koefisien b = c
Jumlah atom Cl, maka koefisien a = 2c
jumlah atom O, maka koefisien 2b = e
jumlah atom H, maka koefisien
- Menyelesaikan persamaan-persamaan matematis yang diperoleh pada langkah sebelumnya dengan menetapkan salah satu koefisien zat sama dengan 1, dimana zat yang dipilih biasanya adalah zat dengan rumus kimia paling komplek
Jika koefisien
= b = 1, maka:
Atom Ca, koefisien b = c maka c = 1
Atom O, koefisien 2b = e sehingga e = 2
Atom Cl, koefisien a = 2c sehingga a = 2
Atom N, a = d sehingga d = 2
Atom H, koefisien a = e = 2
- Substitusikan semua nilai koefisien reaksi kedalam persamaan reaksi sehingga menjadi reaksi yang setara:
![begin mathsize 14px style 2 N H subscript 4 Cl left parenthesis italic a italic q right parenthesis plus Ca open parentheses O H close parentheses subscript 2 left parenthesis italic a italic q right parenthesis yields Ca Cl subscript 2 left parenthesis italic a italic q right parenthesis plus 2 N H subscript 3 open parentheses italic g close parentheses and 2 H subscript 2 O open parentheses italic l close parentheses end style](data:image/png;base64,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)
Jadi, jawaban yang benar adalah A.