Vica A

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Vica A

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Watch these videos (link attached), and answer the following questions! Work with your porther! What Causes Wind Blow? https://youtu.be/edsNPCwU9ios-28ZWP9f5-DhAw213 How Do Maglev Trains Work? https://youtu.be/m-rNILc/TKMP-60K4No3A5 K305 1. What happens to air molecules when air heats them up? 2. Why do air molecules move? And from where to where? 3. In summary, what causes wind to blow? 4. Why do cold air molecules sink? 5. What makes Maglev trains float above the track? 6. How to make Maglev trains run faster? 7. How to make Maglev trains move forward? 8. What is the advantage of Maglev trains compare to regular trains? 9. If Maglev use magnet to float, how to keep it on the track? 10. What technology is being used to make powerful magnet and switch the poles electronically?

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P. Anindya

Mahasiswa/Alumni Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

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1. They move faster and spread farther apart. 2. They move because of pressure differences, flowing from high‑pressure areas to low‑pressure areas. 3. Wind blows because uneven heating of Earth’s surface creates air‑pressure differences that make air move. 4. Because they are closer together, making the air denser and heavier than warm air. 5. Strong magnetic fields between the train and the track that produce an upward force to balance gravity. 6. By increasing the strength and speed of the changing magnetic fields that pull and push the train. 7. By switching magnetic poles along the track in sequence so magnets in front pull and magnets behind push the train forward. 8. They are faster, smoother, quieter, and have less mechanical wear because there is no wheel‑to‑rail contact. 9. By using guidance magnets and track shapes that keep the train centered and prevent it from sliding off. 10. Electromagnets controlled by electronic power systems that can change the direction and strength of electric current. Ketika udara dipanaskan, energi panas ditransfer ke molekul udara sehingga energinya naik; akibatnya molekul bergerak lebih cepat dan saling menjauh, membuat udara memuai dan massa jenisnya berkurang, sehingga lebih “ringan” dan cenderung naik. Di tempat lain, udara yang lebih dingin memiliki molekul yang bergerak lebih lambat dan lebih rapat, sehingga massa jenisnya lebih besar dan menjadi lebih “berat” lalu tenggelam atau turun ke bawah karena gravitasi. Perbedaan pemanasan permukaan Bumi (misalnya antara darat dan laut, daerah terang dan teduh, atau lintang berbeda) menyebabkan ada wilayah udara hangat bertekanan rendah dan wilayah udara dingin bertekanan tinggi; udara secara alami mengalir dari daerah bertekanan tinggi ke bertekanan rendah, dan aliran inilah yang disebut angin. Pada kereta maglev, prinsip dasarnya adalah memanfaatkan gaya magnet yang sangat kuat: medan magnet pada rel dan kereta diatur sedemikian rupa sehingga menghasilkan gaya ke atas yang menyeimbangkan berat kereta, sehingga kereta “melayang” tanpa menyentuh rel dan menghilangkan gesekan roda‑rel. Untuk menggerakkan kereta ke depan, rel dilengkapi motor listrik linier: rangkaian elektromagnet di sepanjang jalur dinyalakan dan dibalik kutubnya secara berurutan sehingga bagian depan kereta selalu “ditarik” dan bagian belakang “didorong”; jika kuat medan magnet dan kecepatan perubahan kutub ditingkatkan, gaya dorong bertambah dan kereta dapat melaju lebih cepat. Agar kereta tetap berada di atas jalur dan tidak menyimpang ke samping, digunakan magnet pandu di sisi kereta dan bentuk rel khusus (misalnya menyerupai huruf U) yang bersama sistem kontrol elektronik terus‑menerus mengoreksi posisi kereta. Semua ini dimungkinkan karena penggunaan elektromagnet (magnet yang timbul saat dialiri arus listrik, sering kali sangat kuat, kadang berbasis superkonduktor) yang dikendalikan oleh rangkaian daya elektronik modern, sehingga besar dan arah arus—dan berarti kekuatan serta kutub magnet—dapat diubah dengan sangat cepat dan presisi.


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