harmful consequences to the drug addict and those around them. Drug addiction is a brain disease because the abuse of drugs leads to changes in the structure and function of the brain. Although it is true that for most people the initial decision to take drugs is voluntary, over time the changes in the brain caused by repeated drug abuse can impair a person's self-control and ability to make sound decisions, and at the same time create an intense impulse to take drugs. Long-term drug abuse causes changes in other brain chemical systems and circuits, as well. Brain imaging studies of drug- addicted individuals show changes in areas of the brain that are critical to judgment, decision-making, learning and memory, and behavior control. Together, these changes can drive an abuser to seek out and take drugs compulsively -- in other words, to become addicted to drugs. While these brain changes can powerfully influence behavior and the impulse to use drugs, people in the midst of an addiction do not completely lose their ability to exercise judgment and make decisions; their desire to stop using drugs and pursue treatment hinges on the wish to live sober. As with many chronic, relapsing disorders, recovery then becomes an active lifelong process. Drug addiction can be a preventable disease. Research has shown that prevention programs that involve the family, schools, communities, and the media are effective in reducing drug abuse. Although many events and cultural factors affect drug abuse trends, when youths perceive drug abuse as harmful, they reduce their arug taking. It is necessary, therefore, to help youth and the general public to understand the risks of drug abuse and for teachers, parents, and health care professionals to keep sending the message that drug addiction can be prevented if a person never abuses drugs. 41. How can we compare the 2nd and the 3rd paragraphs? A. Both paragraphs tell about the brain damage caused by drug addiction. B. While the 2nd paragraph tells about changes in other brain chemical systems, the 3rd one tells about the prevention. C. Both paragraphs tell how to get rid of drug addiction D. The 2nd paragraph tells about the damage in other brain chemical systems, the3rd one tells about rehabilitation of the users. E. Both paragraphs tell about the ways how to prevent drug addiction. 42. "...when youths perceive drug abuse as harmful, they reduce their drug taking." (Paragraph 3) What is the closest meaning of the underlined word? A. Perform B. Recognize C. Show D. Resists E. Discuss

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Combine the following sentences with relative pronoun. I know Ms. Maria. We met Ms. Maria at party last night I go to Paris for holiday. Paris is my favourite city. The birthday party is very interesting. I went to it. Joanna has a dinner in that restaurant. The restaurant is near the airport.

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The Empty Pot Once upon a time, an emperor needed to select a successor to his throne. The emperor was old and had no children. Because he loved flowers and plants, he decided to call the children in the kingdom and gave cach a seed. He said that the child who could show the best results within six months would win the contest and she/he would become the next to wear the crown. Every child in the kingdom wanted to win the competition. There was a huge crowd of children in the palace on the day when the emperor gave the seeds. Each child returned home with one seed. One of the children was Jhrunk. He was a good gardener, even people said that he was the best young gardener in his village. He carefully carried the emperor's seed, and when he got home he put it into a pot and tried to plant it properly. One week later, Jhronk-another child-an-nounced that his seed was sprouting through the soil. Jhranky was a girl who said that a tiny plant had emerged from her pot. Then many other kids into a tiny plant. Jhrunk was puzzled-none of these said the same that the seed had changed the form children could grow plants as well as him! But Jhrunk's seed did not grow. Jhrunk was confused-what was wrong? He carefully repotted his seed into a new pot. He changed the method, but still his seed did not grow. Six months passed. The children had to bring their plants to the palace. Jhronk, Jhranky and other children cleaned their pots. Then they prepared themselves by dressing in their finest clothes. Some mothers or fathers walked along side their children to hold the plants. "What will I do?', Jhrunk asked his parents. "My seed wouldn't grow. My pot is empty. You did the best you could do,' said his father. Thrunk, just bring your pot to the emperor," said his mother, 'and tell the real thing. It was the best you could do. Jhrunk carried his empty pot to the palace. He felt a shame, but he agreed to what his parents said. It was the best thing he could do. He had tried his best. At the palace, all the children lined up in rows. They brought their blossoming plants. Then the em-peror checked the plants one by one. When he came to Jhrunk, he scowled even more and said, "What is it? You brought me an empty pot? If you are pleased, Your Majesty,' said Jhrunk, 'I tried the best. I planted your seed with the best soil. I kept and I watched it everyday. When the seed didn't grow, I repotted it in a new soil. I even repotted it again. But it didn't grow. I'm sorry, Jhrunk hang his head. Hmm,' said the emperor. 'I should choose you as my successor.' He continued. Everybody was sur-prised. But then the emperor said, 'I don't know where all these children got their seed. There is no way anything could grow the seed I gave for the contest. I had boiled all the seeds. And he smiled at Jhrunk and said, "You are the only child honest enough to return with an empty pot. Who participated in the compitition?

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129. Arrange the following sentences to form a sequential paragraph. (1) Therefore, they rely on sunshine for warmth. (2) They belong to a group of 3,800 scaly-skinned reptiles. (3) This is why they live in warm climates. (4) Lizards are reptiles. (5) Besides, they bask in the sun for hours each day. (6) They cannot control their own body heat. Adopted from: John Farndon, 1000 Facts on Animals. Essex, Miles Kelly Publishing Ltd, 2001. A. 1-4-2-6-3-5 B. 2-4-1-6-3-5 C. 4-2-6-1-3-5 D 2-4-1-6-3-5 130. Arrange the following sentences to form a sequential paragraph. (1) This "exchange" happens in the atmosphere, allowing the rays of the sun to pass and the Earth's heat to return to its source. (2) This causes the Earth's temperature increases. (3) What is "the green house effect"? (4) If the atmosphere is polluted, the rays of the sun can pass. (5) The Earth is warmed by the sun and in return emits heat into space. (6) However, because the Earth cannot return enough heat through the atmosphere, the balance between heat coming and going is altered. A. 5-1-3-4-6-2 B. 3-5-4-1-2-6 C. 3-5-1-4-6-2 D. 4-6-2-3-5-1

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Bregedel Tempe (Tempe Fritters) Ingredients: • 150 g tempe • 2 tablespoons fried shallots • 3 kaffir lime leaves • 1 tablespoon flour • 1 egg • 1 cup vegetable oil for frying Spice paste: • 3 large chilies, seeds removed • 3 small chilies • 2 red shallots • 2 cloves garlic • ½ teaspoon chopped galangal • 1 candle nut • ½ teaspoon coriander seeds • ½ teaspoon salt • ¼ teaspoon shrimp paste Steps: 1. Mash the tempe with a fork or place in the bowl of a food processor and blend until it resembles coarse bread crumbs. 2. Grind the spices in a mortar and pestle or place in the bowl of a food processor and blend to a smooth paste. 3. Put the mashed tempe in a bowl and mix with the spice paste, fried shallots and lime leaves. Stir in the flour, followed by the egg. 4. Shape the tempe into fritters the size of a golf ball and flatten a little with a fork. 5. Heat the vegetable oil in a wok over a medium flame. When the oil is hot, drop the fritters into the oil, five or six at a time 6. Fry until golden brown on both sides, drain on absorbent paper and serve hot with rice. Questions: 1. What does the text tell about? 2. What is the purpose of the writer with the text? 3. What is the type of the text above? 4. What is the goal of the text? 5. How many ingredients do you need to make the spice paste? 6. How many steps are mentioned in the text to make bregedel tempe? 7. Write the third step to make bregedel tempe. 8. "... and blend until it resembles coarse bread crumbs."What does the underlined word refer to? 9. How do you fry bregedel tempe before it is served? 10. What do you do with the egg?

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