SMA Bahasa Inggris: Pertanyaan, Jawaban, Latihan Soal & Pembahasan

Supply & Demand: How Market Works

The two basic terms used most often by economists are supply and demand. The amount of something that is available-the supply-and the amount of something that people want-the demand-make up a working market. The market is the way in which an economic activity is organized between buyers and sellers through their behavior and interaction with one another.

Buyers as a group, determine the overall demand for a particular product at various prices. The interaction of buyers and sellers in the market helps to determine the market price, thereby allocating scarce goods and services efficiently. The price is taken into account when deciding how much of something to consume, and also how much to produce.

The relationship between the price and quantity demanded is so universal is called the law of demand. This law states that with all else equal, when the price of goods rises, the quantity demanded falls-and when the price falls, the quantity demanded rises. The supply curve provides the opposite information: the higher the price, the higher the quantity supplied-and the lower the price, the lower the quantity supplied.

A key function of the market is to find the equilibrium price when supply and demand are in balance. At this price, the goods supplied are equal to what is being demanded thereby bringing about the most efficient allocation of the goods. An efficient allocation of goods in market is one in which no one can be made better off unless someone else is made worse off.

 

The “law of demand” works if ….

I am sure most of you have downloaded music a number of times. Downloading music is one of our favourite activities on the INternet. Most of us love surfing web sites that facilitate music downloads. Downloading music may make it conveniently available. But does it have a negative effect on the music industry?

Downloading music makes it readily available to the masses. Music reaches the masses in minute. Whet it can be downloaded, music lovers get what they need without struggling for long periods of time. When music becomes available within sometime after its release, it is a real musical treat for those waiting for the release.

When you download music, you save on the costs that would be incurrerd if you would have decided to buy it. The original copies of music need you shell out big bucks. If music is downloadable, you are sure to save money and thanks to the facilities of free downloading.

Supporters of music downloading claim that making music readily available contributes to the increased popularity of the artists. The concept of making music available for free downloads has in fact contributed to the fame of the music industry. Being available for download, music reaches the crowd in a relatively lesser amount of time thus boosting its popularity.

On the other hand, thogh downloading music makes it readily available to the masses, it also makes it spreadable and wide overly. Something that is scarce is precious while something that is plentiful and easy to get tends to have lesser value.

The practice of downloading music leads to the diminishing sales of music cassettes, CDs and DVDs. It reduces the sale figures of music companies. It has an adverse effect on the music industry.

Downloading music gives rise to copyright and privacy issue. By downloading music you lose its originality. When you use the copied versions of music; you indirectly encourage piracy. As you download music, you do not go for the purchase of the original copies of music, which may result in an indirect violation of copyright.

What can you infer from the text?

To: [email protected]

From: [email protected]

 

Subject: computer training

Marvin,

I am attaching the latest schedule from the Computer Training Center. As we have discussed in person, your computer skills are not quite up to normal and you would benefit from taking one of those courses. We also discussed the fact your first-year employee probationary status is still in effect and that you are required to take some training courses during this time. Please sign up for one of these courses as soon as possible. I would encourage you to choose a beginning word processing class, as your skills in that area whole fully lacking. You have a good knowledge of database software, though you could benefit from an advanced-level class if that is what interests you most. The choice, of course, is up to you, but I recommend word processing. In choosing your class schedule, please remember that you must be present at our weekly staff meetings (Wednesday afternoon at 2:00). As soon as you have decided on a course and schedule, please contact Elizabeth Mortimer in the Human Resources Department and she will take care of the registration process for you. We at NZ, Inc. will, of course, take care of all the fees. All you have to do is attend the classes. Please e-mail me as soon as you are registered for a course.

Sam Silliman

 

The company suggested that Marvin take a computer course in order ….

I am sure most of you have downloaded music a number of times. Downloading music is one of our favourite activities on the INternet. Most of us love surfing web sites that facilitate music downloads. Downloading music may make it conveniently available. But does it have a negative effect on the music industry?

Downloading music makes it readily available to the masses. Music reaches the masses in minute. Whet it can be downloaded, music lovers get what they need without struggling for long periods of time. When music becomes available within sometime after its release, it is a real musical treat for those waiting for the release.

When you download music, you save on the costs that would be incurrerd if you would have decided to buy it. The original copies of music need you shell out big bucks. If music is downloadable, you are sure to save money and thanks to the facilities of free downloading.

Supporters of music downloading claim that making music readily available contributes to the increased popularity of the artists. The concept of making music available for free downloads has in fact contributed to the fame of the music industry. Being available for download, music reaches the crowd in a relatively lesser amount of time thus boosting its popularity.

On the other hand, thogh downloading music makes it readily available to the masses, it also makes it spreadable and wide overly. Something that is scarce is precious while something that is plentiful and easy to get tends to have lesser value.

The practice of downloading music leads to the diminishing sales of music cassettes, CDs and DVDs. It reduces the sale figures of music companies. It has an adverse effect on the music industry.

Downloading music gives rise to copyright and privacy issue. By downloading music you lose its originality. When you use the copied versions of music; you indirectly encourage piracy. As you download music, you do not go for the purchase of the original copies of music, which may result in an indirect violation of copyright.

The seventh paragraph is about ...

A Memoir of WS Rendra

 

Willibrordus Surendra Broto Rendra, known as WS Rendra was born in Solo on November 7, 1935. He was a poet, writer, dramatist, cultural activist, and theater director. He was one of the most talented artists and often called “the peacock” by the press.

 Rendra studied at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, the same school as Marlon Brando, the greatest movie actor of all time. After he graduated, he returned to Indonesia in 1968, and he founded Bengkel Teater (Theater Workshop) in Yogyakarta. The group quickly astonished audience with works that were artistically experimental. Rendra rose to fame as a poet in the 1950’s. He is also credited as the man who brought modern Indonesian theater to its maturity through his experimental works with Bengkel Teater. Rendra brought traditional expressions into modern context.

In 1969, he created a series of dramas without any dialogues where actors employed their bodies and simple sounds such as bip bop, zzzz, and rambate rata-rata. The journalist poet Gunawan Mohamad dubbed these experimental performances as a “mini-word theater.”

Rendra died at the age of 73, but the remained he most influential poet in the country.

 

What does the writer suggest Rendra was?

I am sure most of you have downloaded music a number of times. Downloading music is one of our favourite activities on the INternet. Most of us love surfing web sites that facilitate music downloads. Downloading music may make it conveniently available. But does it have a negative effect on the music industry?

Downloading music makes it readily available to the masses. Music reaches the masses in minute. Whet it can be downloaded, music lovers get what they need without struggling for long periods of time. When music becomes available within sometime after its release, it is a real musical treat for those waiting for the release.

When you download music, you save on the costs that would be incurrerd if you would have decided to buy it. The original copies of music need you shell out big bucks. If music is downloadable, you are sure to save money and thanks to the facilities of free downloading.

Supporters of music downloading claim that making music readily available contributes to the increased popularity of the artists. The concept of making music available for free downloads has in fact contributed to the fame of the music industry. Being available for download, music reaches the crowd in a relatively lesser amount of time thus boosting its popularity.

On the other hand, thogh downloading music makes it readily available to the masses, it also makes it spreadable and wide overly. Something that is scarce is precious while something that is plentiful and easy to get tends to have lesser value.

The practice of downloading music leads to the diminishing sales of music cassettes, CDs and DVDs. It reduces the sale figures of music companies. It has an adverse effect on the music industry.

Downloading music gives rise to copyright and privacy issue. By downloading music you lose its originality. When you use the copied versions of music; you indirectly encourage piracy. As you download music, you do not go for the purchase of the original copies of music, which may result in an indirect violation of copyright.

What is the argument against downloading music?

A Memoir of WS Rendra

 

Willibrordus Surendra Broto Rendra, known as WS Rendra was born in Solo on November 7, 1935. He was a poet, writer, dramatist, cultural activist, and theater director. He was one of the most talented artists and often called “the peacock” by the press.

 Rendra studied at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, the same school as Marlon Brando, the greatest movie actor of all time. After he graduated, he returned to Indonesia in 1968, and he founded Bengkel Teater (Theater Workshop) in Yogyakarta. The group quickly astonished audience with works that were artistically experimental. Rendra rose to fame as a poet in the 1950’s. He is also credited as the man who brought modern Indonesian theater to its maturity through his experimental works with Bengkel Teater. Rendra brought traditional expressions into modern context.

In 1969, he created a series of dramas without any dialogues where actors employed their bodies and simple sounds such as bip bop, zzzz, and rambate rata-rata. The journalist poet Gunawan Mohamad dubbed these experimental performances as a “mini-word theater.”

Rendra died at the age of 73, but the remained he most influential poet in the country.

 

Why did Gunawan Muhammad call Rendra’s series of drama as a “mini-word theater”? Because ....

A Memoir of WS Rendra

 

Willibrordus Surendra Broto Rendra, known as WS Rendra was born in Solo on November 7, 1935. He was a poet, writer, dramatist, cultural activist, and theater director. He was one of the most talented artists and often called “the peacock” by the press.

 Rendra studied at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, the same school as Marlon Brando, the greatest movie actor of all time. After he graduated, he returned to Indonesia in 1968, and he founded Bengkel Teater (Theater Workshop) in Yogyakarta. The group quickly astonished audience with works that were artistically experimental. Rendra rose to fame as a poet in the 1950’s. He is also credited as the man who brought modern Indonesian theater to its maturity through his experimental works with Bengkel Teater. Rendra brought traditional expressions into modern context.

In 1969, he created a series of dramas without any dialogues where actors employed their bodies and simple sounds such as bip bop, zzzz, and rambate rata-rata. The journalist poet Gunawan Mohamad dubbed these experimental performances as a “mini-word theater.”

Rendra died at the age of 73, but the remained he most influential poet in the country.

 

How did Bengkel Theater amaze their fans?

SPORTMANSHIP

Ideals, reality clash at Olympic badminton

 

John Leicester

Associated press/London

 

In sports, as in life there are those who bend rules, and those who cheat. They’ve always excited. And because of human frailties and pressure from sponsors, countries, coaches, and athletes themselves for medals and trophies, they always will. But bending rules and spitting on them is not the same thing.

Olympic ideals of fair play, sportsmanship and all of that are just that – an idea. But the reality of the Olympic Games is that success is measured in gold, silver and bronze.

Be good sportsman if you can but, above all, win and we will give you a shiny medal. And because these are Olympic medals, they will bring  fame and perhaps fortune, too. Winning medals changes lives. Being good sports alone rarely do. Sad, perhaps, but true.

Between the Olympics ideal and the Olympics reality is a trap that eight badminton players fell into at London 2012.

They didn’t cheat. Instead, they tried to win – by deliberately trying to lose. They bent the rules to breaking point. But they didn’t trample on them like doped sprinter Ben Johnson at the 1998 Seoul Olympics or Fred Lorz in 1904, the New Yorker who hitched a ride by car for much of the Olympics marathon and then ran over the finish line in first place. it’s not like a boxer taking a dive or a soccer player scoring in his own goal to get a fat envelope from syndicate. Those are cheats, dammed cheats. The women badminton players from China, South Korea and Indonesia are not.

                                    

What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

SPORTMANSHIP

Ideals, reality clash at Olympic badminton

 

John Leicester

Associated press/London

 

In sports, as in life, there are those who bend rules and those who cheat. They’ve always excited. And because of human frailties and pressure from sponsors, countries, coaches, and athletes themselves for medals and trophies, they always will. But bending rules and spitting on them is not the same thing.

Olympic ideals of fair play, sportsmanship and all of that are just that – an idea. But the reality of the Olympic Games is that success is measured in gold, silver, and bronze.

Be good sportsman if you can but, above all, win and we will give you a shiny medal. And because these are Olympic medals, they will bring fame and perhaps fortune, too. Winning medals changes lives. Being good sports alone rarely do. Sad, perhaps, but true.

Between the Olympics ideal and the Olympics reality is a trap that eight badminton players fell into at London 2012.

They didn’t cheat. Instead, they tried to win – by deliberately trying to lose. They bent the rules to breaking point. But they didn’t trample on them like doped sprinter Ben Johnson at the 1998 Seoul Olympics or Fred Lorz in 1904, the New Yorker who hitched a ride by car for much of the Olympics marathon and then ran over the finish line in first place. it’s not like a boxer taking a dive or a soccer player scoring in his own goal to get a fat envelope from syndicate. Those are cheats, dammed cheats. The women badminton players from China, South Korea, and Indonesia are not.

 

The eight badminton players fell into at London 2012 because they ….