Not all snoring is sleep apnoea, But very loud snoring, because of the obstructed airway, is sometimes a sign of it. Other symptoms are as follows; daytime sleepiness, morning headaches, high blood pressure, and abrupt awakenings or periods when someone else notices that you have stopped breathing.

    Untreated sleep apnoea has been linked to problems with glucose control that can lead to diabetes and with cardiovascular problems, such as an increased risk of high blood pressure. In addition, there is another potentially deadly effect traffic accidents caused by sleepy drivers. It is not clear exactly how many such crashes there are, but sleep experts in Europe estimate around 20 per cent.

    The concern about accidents has led a working group for the European Commission on Sleep Apnoea and Driving to recommend that the EU require drivers with sleep apnoea to get in under control, or else risk losing their licenses. The good news? "It has been demonstrated clearly now that effective treatment of sleep apnoea removes any excess risk of an auto accident," says the chairman of the working group Dr. Walter Mc Nicholas, director of the Pulmonary and Sleep Disorders Unit at St Vincent's University Hospital in Dublin.

    Two decades ago, as few as four percent of men and two percent of women had sleep apnoea, but those numbers are increasing, in part because more people have risk factors for it, such as obesity, McNicholas says. Genetics factors may also play a role. "Figures in the region of five to ten per cent are now regularly talked about as prevalence figures for significant sleep apnoea," he says. That translates to between 35 and 70 million Europeans.

    With more cases, comes another concern. "When you consider that you diagnose such people by the monitoring of their breathing while they sleep, the the logistics of that are immense," notes McNicholas. As a result, a good deal of research is focused on ways to easily and effectively find sleep apnoea, both in sleep labs and in the home. Devices that can detect sleep patterns, or portable monitors that can track sleep while worn to bed at home, are two promising solutions.

    Treatment can be another story. Probably the most familiar and at the same time most comman and most effective-treatment today is CPAP, which stands for continous positive airway pressure. The system involves a small air pump, tube, and a mask that covers the nose (or nose and mouth) during sleep to direct air gently into the upper airway.

    The thought of sleeping with a mask for the rest of one's life certainly off-puttin to some, Puertas says. After a while, some people even develop an attachment to their device. Says McNicholas, "They actually go to bed and snuggle up with the CPAP mask". He believes it is the body's subconsious reaction to being able finally to relax and have a restiful right's sleep after months or years of untreated sleep apnoea.

(Adopted from Reader's Digest)

Which of the following sentences best restates ideas in paragraph 7?

(SOAL SBMPTN REFERENSI 2020)