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Question 17 - 20 are based on the following passage.


    Recent investigations into how children acquire knowledge about the outside world have produced agreement on one point. Children are not the blank slates imagined by philosophers since Descartes. According to leading cognitive scientists, it appears that children possess some form of innate understanding about the physical world and its concepts, such as force, heat, matter, and weight. But while scientists agree that there is some sort of initial framework present in the minds of children through which observations about the outside world are filtered and then interpreted, there is considerable disagreement over how to characterize and describe these structures.

    Some research suggests that children's innate knowledge is comprised of a number of abstract phenomenological principles. These principles provide abstractions of common events which a child can use to draw conclusions about the outside world. For example, a child might possess an inherent understanding of the force of gravity, which is represented in tile child's mind by a basic principle: if something is not supported, it falls. From this simple principle, the child can then make a number of suppositions about how gravity works on objects in the world around him.

    Other researchers believe that a child's mind comes equipped with a number of basic theories about common physical domains. These theories restrict both the type and number of viable inferences a child makes about the world, although these initial theories may then be amended by culturally acquired knowledge. Experiments have shown that when asked about the shape of the earth, very young children visualize it as a flat surface, usually a square or disc, resting on some form of support, with the inhabitants living on "top" of the surface. Such a perspective would be consistent with a child's basic experiences of the world. However, older children accurately describe the earth as a sphere floating in space, a picture that contradicts our intuitions about objects but is in accordance with the culturally and scientifically accepted views of the earth. Tellingly, none of the children in the experiment pictured the earth as a pyramid, a point, a line, or any of a number of other possible geometric forms.

Which of the following is most similar to the "suppositions" a child might make about the world around him as detailed in the passage?

Which of the following is most similar to the "suppositions" a child might make about the world around him as detailed in the passage?

  1. Because a child knows that an object that is not supported will fall, he infers that a certain stool will not be strong enough to hold his weight.

  2. Because the child knows that she can walk on the floor, she deduces that she will not be able to walk on the ground.

  3. Because a child knows that some objects are heavier than others, he concludes tha he will be able to lift a small stone but not a large rock.

  4. Because a child knows that a thrown object will fall back to earth, she realizes that she will break a window if she throws a baseball.

  5. Because a child knows that a hot object is dangerous to touch, he figures out that raw food can be cooked on a stove.

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Master Teacher

Mahasiswa/Alumni Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Jawaban terverifikasi

Jawaban

jawaban yang benar adalah C.

jawaban yang benar adalah C.

Pembahasan

Jawaban yang benar adalah C. Soal menanyakan "Manakah dari pernyataan berikut yang paling sesuai dengan "pengandaian" yang mungkin dibuat seorang anak tentang dunia di sekitarnya seperti yang dijelaskan dalam teks tersebut?". Gambaran yang disampaikan dalam teks paragraf ke dua adalah "if something is not supported, it falls" artinya "jika sesuatu tidak di topang maka akan jatuh". Pemahaman yang serupa dengan gambaran tersebut ada pada pernyataan "Because a childknows that some objects are heavier than others, he concludes tha he will be able to lift a small stone but not a large rock." artinya "Karena seorang anak tahu bahwa beberapa benda lebih berat dari yang lain, ia menyimpulkan bahwa ia dapat mengangkat batu kecil tetapi tidak dapat mengangkat batu besar." Jadi, jawaban yang benar adalah C.

Jawaban yang benar adalah C.

Soal menanyakan "Manakah dari pernyataan berikut yang paling sesuai dengan "pengandaian" yang mungkin dibuat seorang anak tentang dunia di sekitarnya seperti yang dijelaskan dalam teks tersebut?".

Gambaran yang disampaikan dalam teks paragraf ke dua adalah "if something is not supported, it falls" artinya "jika sesuatu tidak di topang maka akan jatuh".

Pemahaman yang serupa dengan gambaran tersebut ada pada pernyataan "Because a child knows that some objects are heavier than others, he concludes tha he will be able to lift a small stone but not a large rock." artinya "Karena seorang anak tahu bahwa beberapa benda lebih berat dari yang lain, ia menyimpulkan bahwa ia dapat mengangkat batu kecil tetapi tidak dapat mengangkat batu besar."

Jadi, jawaban yang benar adalah C.

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