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Question 17-20 are based on the following passage.
Although the theory that all things n nature are conceived of the same elementary substance is now familiar to most philosophers, when Baruch de Spinoza proffered his version of this theory in the tense religio-political climate of seventeenth-century Europe, he met not only with censure but with threats and even exile. Cast out the Jewish community in his youth due to heterodox ideas, Spinoza found himself once again reviled in his early adulthood, this time by many prominent members of Dutch society. One is forced to wonder how much of the isolation on this brilliant man's life was due to these imposed periods of solitude as opposed to being solely due to his philosophical goal of living a life of the mind.
Which of the following best describes the main idea of the passage?
Spinoza was a martyr to old-fashioned ideas who lived and died in. undeserved obscurity, due to the narrow-mindedness of others.
If the Dutch society of the seventeenth century had been more receptive, the course of history might have been dramatically different.
The French Revolution was, at the most fundamental level, a fight to determine which idea would gain ascendancy.
All tangible objects are made from the same universal substance, as shown by the seventeenth century philosopher Spinoza.
Spinoza may be viewed as an example of someone who suffered for proposing ideas that were, at that time, unpopular.
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