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The question is based on the following passage. There have been amazing world-breaking scientific advances. However, the dark cloud on the horizon is the emerging Ebola epidemic in West Africa and the warning undercurrent that comes with it. At the time of writing at least 7,000 people have been infected and half of those have died. It is estimated that the numbers can be doubled or even tripled. Also, because the rates of infection appear to be growing exponentially, tens of thousands, or even millions, might ultimately be affected. To put the scale of the present situation into perspective, since the first recorded case of Ebola in the Democratic Republic of Congo 38 years ago, there have been fewer than 2,500 deaths documented in total. Thus, this single present outbreak is already three times larger than the entire Ebola death toll ever. It is also no longer just an African problem. The West has had its own wake-up call this week as the US and Spain, countries previously regarded as immune to the threat thanks to modern medicine, have reported imported cases of the condition and, despite strict infection-control guidelines and practices, onward transmissions of Ebola on their home soil. What is remarkable though is that, while Ebola is terrifying and dramatic in its impact when it causes an outbreak, it appears to be a relatively easy agent to fight. Experimental vaccines tested so far on animals have been impressively effective. The vaccines protect against even injection of the living Ebola virus. However, because they are at a test stage, these agents, which will be critical if we are to nip outbreak in the bus, are nowhere near ready for mass production. Trials are only now getting underway of human versions of the vaccines in the UK, and the US. “Way too late,” many are saying, to prevent the inevitable. Hence, why is it that, nearly 40 years after Ebola first surfaced, the world finds itself in a state of panic? Now, up to ten thousand people are dead, owing to a bug that is probably preventable thanks to scientific research done decades ago. The answer is that Ebola was regarded as someone else’s problem. It was a tropical disease of low importance and (presumed to be) constrained by geography and climate to a part of the world that held little economic interest to the rest of us. Still, therein lies a salutary lesson because, if even a tiny fraction had been spent 20 years ago to develop an Ebola vaccine, we probably would not be in this position now. The present outbreak is now costing the world in terms of lost productivity, humanitarian aid and human lives lost. It is easy to dismiss tropical diseases as an issue that will not affect the West. However, the present situation is a warning shot across our bows that we ignored at our peril. The assumption the author has about the West is … (SBMPTN – 2015)
The question is based on the following passage.
There have been amazing world-breaking scientific advances. However, the dark cloud on the horizon is the emerging Ebola epidemic in West Africa and the warning undercurrent that comes with it. At the time of writing at least 7,000 people have been infected and half of those have died. It is estimated that the numbers can be doubled or even tripled. Also, because the rates of infection appear to be growing exponentially, tens of thousands, or even millions, might ultimately be affected.
To put the scale of the present situation into perspective, since the first recorded case of Ebola in the Democratic Republic of Congo 38 years ago, there have been fewer than 2,500 deaths documented in total. Thus, this single present outbreak is already three times larger than the entire Ebola death toll ever. It is also no longer just an African problem. The West has had its own wake-up call this week as the US and Spain, countries previously regarded as immune to the threat thanks to modern medicine, have reported imported cases of the condition and, despite strict infection-control guidelines and practices, onward transmissions of Ebola on their home soil.
What is remarkable though is that, while Ebola is terrifying and dramatic in its impact when it causes an outbreak, it appears to be a relatively easy agent to fight. Experimental vaccines tested so far on animals have been impressively effective. The vaccines protect against even injection of the living Ebola virus. However, because they are at a test stage, these agents, which will be critical if we are to nip outbreak in the bus, are nowhere near ready for mass production. Trials are only now getting underway of human versions of the vaccines in the UK, and the US. “Way too late,” many are saying, to prevent the inevitable.
Hence, why is it that, nearly 40 years after Ebola first surfaced, the world finds itself in a state of panic? Now, up to ten thousand people are dead, owing to a bug that is probably preventable thanks to scientific research done decades ago. The answer is that Ebola was regarded as someone else’s problem. It was a tropical disease of low importance and (presumed to be) constrained by geography and climate to a part of the world that held little economic interest to the rest of us. Still, therein lies a salutary lesson because, if even a tiny fraction had been spent 20 years ago to develop an Ebola vaccine, we probably would not be in this position now. The present outbreak is now costing the world in terms of lost productivity, humanitarian aid and human lives lost. It is easy to dismiss tropical diseases as an issue that will not affect the West. However, the present situation is a warning shot across our bows that we ignored at our peril.
The assumption the author has about the West is … (SBMPTN – 2015)
They act fast to prevent a disease only if it is important for them.
Tropical disease are considered exotic and dangerous by the people.
It is difficult to convince them that they need to send medical help to Africa.
They are really interested in developing Ebola vaccines for mass production.
They intentionally postpone developing Ebola vaccines because it is expensive.
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Jawaban
jawaban yang tepat adalah A.
Pembahasan
Soal menanyakan asumsi penulis terhadap negaraBarat. Pada paragraf kedua, penulis menjelaskan "It is also no longer just an African problem. The West has had its own wake-up call this week as the US and Spain, ... have reported imported cases of the condition ..." yang artinya "Itu (Ebola ) tidak lagi hanya menjadi masalah bagi negara-negaraAfrika. Negara barat tersadar (akan hal tersebut) setelah di Amerika Serikat dan Spanyol terjadi kondisi (kasus Ebola) ....". Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sebelumnya negara Barat tidak menganggap Ebola itu sebagai masalah bagi mereka, tetapi setelah terjadi kasus di negara Barat mereka mulai sadar dan segera bertindak. Berdasarkan kalimat tersebut, penulis berasumsi bahwa negara barat mencegah penyakit hanya jika itu merupakan masalah penting bagi mereka (A). Pilihan B tidak tepat. Pada paragraf terakhir dikatakan bahwa penyakit tropis dianggap sebagai sesuatu yang tidak begitu penting. Informasinya sebagai berikut, "It was a tropical disease of low importance and (presumed to be) constrained by geography and climate to a part of the world that held little economic interest to the rest of us". Pilihan C tidak tepat. Tidak ada pernyataan pada teks yang menunjukkan bahwa dunia Barat sulit diyakinkan untuk memberikan bantuan pengobatan untukAfrika. Pada paragraf keempat disampaikan bahwa dunia Barat memangmenganggap Ebola bukan masalah mereka, tetapi pada teks tidak disebutkan apapun tentang dunia Barat yang tidak mau memberikan pertolongan kepada Afrika. Pilihan D tidak tepat. Pada paragraf ketiga disampaikan bahwa vaksin untuk Ebola belum siap diproduksi secara massal. Pengembangannyadinilai terlambat. Informasinya sebagai berikut, "Experimental vaccines tested so far on animals have been impressively effective ...However, because they are at a test stage, these agents, ... are nowhere near ready for mass production. Trials are only now getting underway of human versions of the vaccines in the UK, and the US. 'Way too late,'many are saying, to prevent the inevitable." Pilihan E tidak tepat. Pada teks tidak ada informasi apapun mengenai biaya produksi untuk pengembangan vaksin Ebola. Selain itu, tidak tepat juga jika dikatakan bahwa pengembangan vaksin ditunda. Yang benar adalah vaksin tersebut terlambat untuk dikembangkan( "Trials are only now getting underway of human versions of the vaccines in the UK, and the US. 'Way too late,'many are saying, to prevent the inevitable" ). Jadi, jawaban yang tepat adalah A.
Soal menanyakan asumsi penulis terhadap negara Barat.
Pada paragraf kedua, penulis menjelaskan "It is also no longer just an African problem. The West has had its own wake-up call this week as the US and Spain, ... have reported imported cases of the condition ..." yang artinya "Itu (Ebola ) tidak lagi hanya menjadi masalah bagi negara-negara Afrika. Negara barat tersadar (akan hal tersebut) setelah di Amerika Serikat dan Spanyol terjadi kondisi (kasus Ebola) ....". Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sebelumnya negara Barat tidak menganggap Ebola itu sebagai masalah bagi mereka, tetapi setelah terjadi kasus di negara Barat mereka mulai sadar dan segera bertindak.
Berdasarkan kalimat tersebut, penulis berasumsi bahwa negara barat mencegah penyakit hanya jika itu merupakan masalah penting bagi mereka (A).
Pilihan B tidak tepat. Pada paragraf terakhir dikatakan bahwa penyakit tropis dianggap sebagai sesuatu yang tidak begitu penting. Informasinya sebagai berikut, "It was a tropical disease of low importance and (presumed to be) constrained by geography and climate to a part of the world that held little economic interest to the rest of us".
Pilihan C tidak tepat. Tidak ada pernyataan pada teks yang menunjukkan bahwa dunia Barat sulit diyakinkan untuk memberikan bantuan pengobatan untuk Afrika. Pada paragraf keempat disampaikan bahwa dunia Barat memang menganggap Ebola bukan masalah mereka, tetapi pada teks tidak disebutkan apapun tentang dunia Barat yang tidak mau memberikan pertolongan kepada Afrika.
Pilihan D tidak tepat. Pada paragraf ketiga disampaikan bahwa vaksin untuk Ebola belum siap diproduksi secara massal. Pengembangannya dinilai terlambat. Informasinya sebagai berikut, "Experimental vaccines tested so far on animals have been impressively effective ... However, because they are at a test stage, these agents, ... are nowhere near ready for mass production. Trials are only now getting underway of human versions of the vaccines in the UK, and the US. 'Way too late,' many are saying, to prevent the inevitable."
Pilihan E tidak tepat. Pada teks tidak ada informasi apapun mengenai biaya produksi untuk pengembangan vaksin Ebola. Selain itu, tidak tepat juga jika dikatakan bahwa pengembangan vaksin ditunda. Yang benar adalah vaksin tersebut terlambat untuk dikembangkan ("Trials are only now getting underway of human versions of the vaccines in the UK, and the US. 'Way too late,' many are saying, to prevent the inevitable").
Jadi, jawaban yang tepat adalah A.
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