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The question is based on the following passage. There are numerous consequences due to illegal logging and illegal activities in the forestry sector. Revenues lost by governments caused by illegal logging results in a decrease of their ability to invest in the forestry sector. This has an effect on poverty levels, primarily because of the revenue lost by the government. As a result, this reduces their financial capability as well as the programs that could be implemented to help the poor. Moreover, poor people are not in a position to influence political bodies. This keeps them from accessing the forest resource. Finally, the resource’s low cost contributes to an increase in waste and provides very little incentive to buy timber harvested from forests managed in a sustainable manner. Inadequate forest law enforcement and governance in other countries can also threaten sustainable forest management. As for the direct negative consequences of illegal logging on the wood products industry, their effect is to simultaneously increase harvesting and increase the availability of timber, thus lowering the price for producers. The price decrease suffered by producers can lead to unfair competition, thus reducing the profitability of legal companies. Illegal logging is disincentive to sustainable forest management. The illegal timber trade threatens not only the viability of legal trade, but also its reputation. Despite the negative impacts, some stakeholders might benefit from illegal forest activities, such as consumers who could benefit from lower prices and national industries that could increase their competitiveness by having access to lower timber prices. Several initiatives have emerged to combat illegal logging and illegal activities in the forestry sector. Among them, it is important to mention the policy statements issued by wood producers’ associations, government initiatives which range from procurement policies to the signature of memoranda of understanding between countries, and the procurement policies of major do-it-yourself centres. Other more practical solutions are being put forward to reduce illegal logging and trade. Some of those solutions relate more to timber trade. There is no doubt that forest certification is seen, for some, as a tool among many others that enables control over the illegal wood trade. They include log tracking systems, legality license-based verification systems such as labelling, private and public procurement policies, international cooperation and coordination on trade statistics, information exchange on illegal logging and illegal trade, and the study of possible trade-related measures. In connection to paragraph 1, paragraph 2 functions to .…
The question is based on the following passage.
There are numerous consequences due to illegal logging and illegal activities in the forestry sector. Revenues lost by governments caused by illegal logging results in a decrease of their ability to invest in the forestry sector. This has an effect on poverty levels, primarily because of the revenue lost by the government. As a result, this reduces their financial capability as well as the programs that could be implemented to help the poor.
Moreover, poor people are not in a position to influence political bodies. This keeps them from accessing the forest resource. Finally, the resource’s low cost contributes to an increase in waste and provides very little incentive to buy timber harvested from forests managed in a sustainable manner. Inadequate forest law enforcement and governance in other countries can also threaten sustainable forest management.
As for the direct negative consequences of illegal logging on the wood products industry, their effect is to simultaneously increase harvesting and increase the availability of timber, thus lowering the price for producers. The price decrease suffered by producers can lead to unfair competition, thus reducing the profitability of legal companies. Illegal logging is disincentive to sustainable forest management. The illegal timber trade threatens not only the viability of legal trade, but also its reputation.
Despite the negative impacts, some stakeholders might benefit from illegal forest activities, such as consumers who could benefit from lower prices and national industries that could increase their competitiveness by having access to lower timber prices.
Several initiatives have emerged to combat illegal logging and illegal activities in the forestry sector. Among them, it is important to mention the policy statements issued by wood producers’ associations, government initiatives which range from procurement policies to the signature of memoranda of understanding between countries, and the procurement policies of major do-it-yourself centres.
Other more practical solutions are being put forward to reduce illegal logging and trade. Some of those solutions relate more to timber trade. There is no doubt that forest certification is seen, for some, as a tool among many others that enables control over the illegal wood trade. They include log tracking systems, legality license-based verification systems such as labelling, private and public procurement policies, international cooperation and coordination on trade statistics, information exchange on illegal logging and illegal trade, and the study of possible trade-related measures.
In connection to paragraph 1, paragraph 2 functions to .…
give specific impacts of illegal logging on wood factories
exemplify illegal logging risks from economy perspectives
provide details of several negative impacts of illegal logging
show two different sources on various impacts of illegal logging
explain domino effects of illegal logging towards sustainable forests
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S. Mardiana
Master Teacher
Jawaban
pilihan jawaban yang benar adalah D.
Pembahasan
Untuk soal seperti ini, fokus saja ke paragraf yang dimaksud dan pahami gagasan utamanya. Lalu perhatikan pertanyaan, hal yang ditanyakan adalah fungsi dari paragraf 2 . Makna paragraf pertama adalah 'Ada banyak konsekuensi akibat pembalakan liar dan kegiatan ilegal di sektor kehutanan.Pendapatan pemerintah yang hilang berakibat pada berkurangnya kemampuan pemerintah untuk berinvestasi di sektor kehutanan. Hal ini pun akan mengakibatkan meningkatnya jumlah kemiskinan. Kemampuan finansial serta program-program pemerintah yang dapat diterapkan untuk membantu orang miskin pun akan semakin berkurang.'Dengan demikian, kita dapat menyimpulkan bahwa gagasan utama paragraf ini adalah ‘ efek/dampak negatif illegal logging ’. Lalu, makna paragraf kedua adalah 'Selain itu, orang miskin tidak berada dalam posisi untuk mempengaruhi badan atau lembaga politik. Hal ini membuat mereka tidak dapat mengakses sumber daya hutan. Pada akhirnya, rendahnya biaya sumber daya mengakibatkan meningkatnya limbah dan kecilnya insentif (uang tambahan) bagi orang-orang untuk membeli kayu yang dipanen dari hutan yang dikelola secara berkelanjutan. Penegakan hukum dan tata kelola kehutanan yang tidak memadai di negara lain juga dapat mengancam pengelolaan hutan lestari.' Inti dari paragraf kedua ini adalah dua penyebab tidak tercapainya manajemen hutan yang berkelanjutan yang disebabkan oleh illegal logging . Penyebab tersebut adalah orang-orang miskin yang tidak punya kekuatan di badan politik dan tidak cukupnya penegakan hukum hutan di negara lain. Jadi, fungsi dari paragraf kedua adalah untuk menjelaskan kedua penyebab tersebut. Pilihan A , C , dan E tidak tepat karena dampak ( impacts/efffect s) dari illegal logging dibahas pada paragraf pertama, bukan paragraf kedua. Pilihan B tidak tepat karena resiko illegal logging dari segi ekonomi sama sekali tidak dibahas pada paragraf kedua. Oleh karena itu, pilihan jawaban yang benar adalah D.
Untuk soal seperti ini, fokus saja ke paragraf yang dimaksud dan pahami gagasan utamanya. Lalu perhatikan pertanyaan, hal yang ditanyakan adalah fungsi dari paragraf 2.
Makna paragraf pertama adalah 'Ada banyak konsekuensi akibat pembalakan liar dan kegiatan ilegal di sektor kehutanan. Pendapatan pemerintah yang hilang berakibat pada berkurangnya kemampuan pemerintah untuk berinvestasi di sektor kehutanan. Hal ini pun akan mengakibatkan meningkatnya jumlah kemiskinan. Kemampuan finansial serta program-program pemerintah yang dapat diterapkan untuk membantu orang miskin pun akan semakin berkurang.' Dengan demikian, kita dapat menyimpulkan bahwa gagasan utama paragraf ini adalah ‘efek/dampak negatif illegal logging’.
Lalu, makna paragraf kedua adalah 'Selain itu, orang miskin tidak berada dalam posisi untuk mempengaruhi badan atau lembaga politik. Hal ini membuat mereka tidak dapat mengakses sumber daya hutan. Pada akhirnya, rendahnya biaya sumber daya mengakibatkan meningkatnya limbah dan kecilnya insentif (uang tambahan) bagi orang-orang untuk membeli kayu yang dipanen dari hutan yang dikelola secara berkelanjutan. Penegakan hukum dan tata kelola kehutanan yang tidak memadai di negara lain juga dapat mengancam pengelolaan hutan lestari.'
Inti dari paragraf kedua ini adalah dua penyebab tidak tercapainya manajemen hutan yang berkelanjutan yang disebabkan oleh illegal logging. Penyebab tersebut adalah orang-orang miskin yang tidak punya kekuatan di badan politik dan tidak cukupnya penegakan hukum hutan di negara lain. Jadi, fungsi dari paragraf kedua adalah untuk menjelaskan kedua penyebab tersebut.
Pilihan A, C, dan E tidak tepat karena dampak (impacts/efffects) dari illegal logging dibahas pada paragraf pertama, bukan paragraf kedua.
Pilihan B tidak tepat karena resiko illegal logging dari segi ekonomi sama sekali tidak dibahas pada paragraf kedua.
Oleh karena itu, pilihan jawaban yang benar adalah D.
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