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    Around half Europe's buildings were built before 1975. Some have architectural values, others less so, but many hide an ugly reality. According to Emilio Pizzi, at the Politecnico di Milano University, the buildings were built in a time when energy parameters like efficiency, consumption, and emissions were not a top priority. So, there was a strong need to transform and update the thermal  performances of Europe's architectural heritage. He added that it is time to innovate new systems, to retrofit these buildings with energy efficiency in mind.

   The researchers have developed new insulation materials to make old buildings more energy efficient, in terms of their facades, wall cavities and interiors. Karim Ghazi Wakili, a physicist with EMPA Research Institute, showed Euro News three prototypes. The first is insulation material made mainly out of three layers of polyester fibers. They are supposed to have the highest thermal insulation. The next material has only one layer of polyester fibers. And it has two textiles on both sides. The third material is the cheapest one. It is made out of a material called 'perlite: It is thicker because perlite has higher thermal conductivity.

    Gabriele Masera, a building of the Politecnico di Milano University states that the researchers have tested these materials in a building of the Politecnico di Milano University in Italy. It was built in 1965. The inner walls of one room were covered with sensors and fitted with the three prototypes of insulation materials. The sensors measure temperature, humidity and heat flow at three different places; outside the building- that is why we have sensors installed on the facade - in the cavity walls, and finally on the inner surface of the walls.

   Outside sensors also measure radiation and wind speed. This way we are able to see how much heat leaks from the different materials in building. All the data will help us build a mathematical model that will allow us to understand how each material reacts to different climatic conditions.

   Magnetti Building in Milan, which makes refabricated kits for retrofitting exterior facades, is the kind of company the research aims at. Insulation materials developed by researchers will be included in some of its kits, which can be customized.

    Director of Operations Marco Predo believes the market is ready for such solutions, provided they come at a competitive price. In recent years, we have seen data that seems to prove the market for retrofitting facades and existing buildings is indeed on the rise. So we are quite optimistic indeed about the market prospects for these new insulation materials.

     The researchers hope their new insulation solutions could become an affordable market reality in around four or five years.

(Adapted from: http://ec.europa.eu)

The paragraph of following that passage will most likely talk about the ____.