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King cobra, also called hamadryad, is the world’s largest venomous snake. It is found predominantly in forests from India through Southeast Asia to the Philippines and Indonesia. The snake’s maximum confirmed length is 5.6 metres, but most do not exceed 3.6 metres.
The main feature that distinguishes the king cobra from other cobras is the possession of 11 large scales on the crown of its head. Adults may be yellow, green, brown, or black. The back is typically highlighted by yellowish or whitish crossbars or chevrons, and the underside may display a single colour that may or may not be ornamented with bars. The throat is light yellow or beige. Juvenile king cobras are smaller and black. Hatchlings are about 45–55 cm long and are black with yellow or white stripes.
The king cobra is an active hunter. It preys almost exclusively on other snakes, prowling in forests, fields, and villages in the daytime as well as at night. The king cobra’s greatest predators are humans, who harvest it and use certain body parts for food, medicine, and leather.
It is not normally aggressive to humans—bites are rare—but it is hostile and dangerous during the breeding season or when cornered or startled. When threatened, the king cobra lifts the front part of its body so it stands roughly perpendicular to the ground. Its threat display also includes the spreading of its hood, which is just below its head, and the utterance of a low-pitched hiss. In this posture it can move or lunge forward to strike its victim. The king cobra’s paralyzing venom is so copious and powerful that elephants have died within three hours of a bite to the toe or trunk. In captivity it is aggressive to strangers but recognizes its keeper and anticipates feeding time.
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