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You will learn about hydration, a chemical reaction when cement mixed with water hardens and gains strength to form concrete.
Soon after the aggregates, water and cement are____(1) the mixture starts to harden through hydration. During this chemical reaction, a node forms on the surface of each cement particle. The node grows and____(2) until it links up with nodes from other cement particles or adheres to adjacent aggregates.
Once the concrete thoroughly mixed and workable, it should be used before the mixture____(3).During use, concrete is consolidated to compact it within the forms and to eliminate potential flaws, such as honeycombs and air pockets.
For slabs, concrete is left to stand until the surface moisture film____(4)then a wood or metal hand-float is used to smoothen the concrete. Floating produces a relatively even, but slightly rough texture that has good slip resistance and is frequently used as a final finish for exterior slabs. If a smooth, hard, dense surface is____(5),floating is followed by steel troweling.
Curing begins after the exposed surfaces of the concrete have hardened____(6)to resist marring. Curing ensures the continued hydration of the cement so that the concrete continues to gain strength. Concrete surfaces are cured by the____(7)of water fog, or by using moisture-retaining fabrics such as burlap or cotton mats. Other curing methods prevent evaporation of the water by sealing the surface withplastic or special sprays called curing compounds.
Special techniques are used for curing concrete during extremely cold or hot weather to protect the concrete. The longer concrete is____(8) moist, the stronger and more durable it will be. The rate of hardening depends upon the composition and fineness of the cement, mix proportions, moisture and temperature conditions. Concrete____(9)to strengthen as it gets older. Most of the hydration and strength take place within the first month of concrete's____(10) but hydration continues at a slower rate for many years.
Adopted from: http://www.cement.org/cement-concrete-basics/how-concrete-is-made (August 30, 2017)
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