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Ecotourism is defined 'purposeful travel that creates an understanding of cultural and natural history, while safeguarding the integrity of the ecosystem and producing economic benefits that encourage conservation'. The definition recognizes that ecotourism is an important educational tool. Real life exposure to a natural situation in the accompaniment of an experienced guide leads a greater increase in knowledge than real life exposure without a guide, or exposure to a knowledgeable guide in artificial setting. More than 50 years ago, Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget studied the development of human cognitive capability and its dynamic relationship with the physical world. He viewed cognitive development as an interaction between physical maturation of the brain and enviromentally induced changes in learning. He observed that, as children grow, they proceed through a series of increasingly abstract thinking styles. Piaget demonstrated that a primary motivation for learning is resolution of cognitive conflict, which he described as 'disequilibrium'. Borrowing upon principles of cognitive psychology, my colleagues and I have developed an interpretive model for presenting information about marine mammals and their ocean environment during whale-watch excursions in Hawaii and Ausralia. The model has more recently been extended to include snorkeling excursions to coral reef areas near Maui, Hawaii. Its application can be examined in the context of a typical 2,5 h commercial whale-watch trip aboard a Pacific Whale Foundation passenger vessel to observe humpback whales in Hawaii. Each whale-watch trip is a different venture, controlled by such variable factors as the number and type of passengers, weather conditions, what the whales choose to do (or not to do, as the case may be), the type of vessel, and the experience of the captain. Nonetheless, it is posible to view the trip as structured experience, and to guide participants through an educational sequence that has very clear goals and objectives that can be monitored and evaluated over time. (Adapted from Ocean&Coastal Management 20, 1993, pp 267-282) What is the topic of the text?

Ecotourism is defined 'purposeful travel that creates an understanding of cultural and natural history, while safeguarding the integrity of the ecosystem and producing economic benefits that encourage conservation'. The definition recognizes that ecotourism is an important educational tool. Real life exposure to a natural situation in the accompaniment of an experienced guide leads a greater increase in knowledge than real life exposure without a guide, or exposure to a knowledgeable guide in artificial setting.

More than 50 years ago, Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget studied the development of human cognitive capability and its dynamic relationship with the physical world. He viewed cognitive development as an interaction between physical maturation of the brain and enviromentally induced changes in learning. He observed that, as children grow, they proceed through a series of increasingly abstract thinking styles. Piaget demonstrated that a primary motivation for learning is resolution of cognitive conflict, which he described as 'disequilibrium'.

Borrowing upon principles of cognitive psychology, my colleagues and I have developed an interpretive model for presenting information about marine mammals and their ocean environment during whale-watch excursions in Hawaii and Ausralia. The model has more recently been extended to include snorkeling excursions to coral reef areas near Maui, Hawaii.

Its application can be examined in the context of a typical 2,5 h commercial whale-watch trip aboard a Pacific Whale Foundation passenger vessel to observe humpback whales in Hawaii. Each whale-watch trip is  a different venture, controlled by such variable factors as the number and type of passengers, weather conditions, what the whales choose to do (or not to do, as the case may be), the type of vessel, and the experience of the captain. Nonetheless, it is posible to view the trip as structured experience, and to guide participants through an educational sequence that has very clear goals and objectives that can be monitored and evaluated over time.

(Adapted from Ocean&Coastal Management 20, 1993, pp 267-282)

What is the topic of the text?

  1. definition of ecotourism

  2. learning through excursions

  3. ecotourism as learning resources

  4. influences of environment in learning induction

  5. learning controlled by environmental variables

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N. Supriyaningsih

Master Teacher

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Pembahasan

Kata kuncinya adalah “ecotourism”, lalu secara garis besar yang dibahas dalam teks ini adalah sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan kata tersebut. Pada awal paragraf pertama memang dijabarkan definisi dari kata “ecotourism”, tetapi di kalimat-kalimat dan paragraf-paragraf selanjutnya, pembahasan lebih dititikberatkan pada “ecotourism” sebagai sumber pembelajaran bagi manusia. Pada paragraf 2 dibahas mengenai penelitiannya, paragraf 3 membahas konsep atau model pembelajaran, dan pada paragraf terakhir membahas mengenai contoh aplikasi pembelajarannya, maka jawaban C yang tepat.

Kata kuncinya adalah “ecotourism”, lalu secara garis besar yang dibahas dalam teks ini adalah sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan kata tersebut. Pada awal paragraf pertama memang dijabarkan definisi dari kata “ecotourism”, tetapi di kalimat-kalimat dan paragraf-paragraf selanjutnya, pembahasan lebih dititikberatkan pada “ecotourism” sebagai sumber pembelajaran bagi manusia. Pada paragraf 2 dibahas mengenai penelitiannya, paragraf 3 membahas konsep atau model pembelajaran, dan pada paragraf terakhir membahas mengenai contoh aplikasi pembelajarannya, maka jawaban C yang tepat.

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