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Questions 79-84 based on the following passage.


    Regular aerobic exercise such as walking may protect the memory center in the brain. Meanwhile, stretching exercise may cause the center called the hippocampus to shrink, the researchers reported. A study involving men and women in their mid-60 shows that walking three times a week for a year increased the volume of the hippocampus, which plays an important role in memory. On the other hand, the control participants who took stretching classes decreased in the volume of the hippocampus. The findings suggest that it is possible to evercome the agerelated decline in hippocampal volume with anly moderate exercise, which leads to better fitness and perhaps to better spatial memory.

    The researchers noted that the volume of the hippocampus falls with age by between 1 percent and 2 percent a year, which lead to impaired memory and increased risk for dementia. However, animal research suggests that exercise reduces the loss of volume and preserves memory. To test the effect on humans, they enrolled 120 men and women in their mid-sixties and randomly assigned 60 of them to a program of aerobic walking three times a week for a year. The remaining 60 were given stretch classes three times a week and served as a control group. Their fitness and memory were tested before the intervention, again after six months, and for a last times after a year. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) of their brains were taken at the same time in order to measure the effect on the hippocampal volume.

    The study showed that overall the walkers had a 2 percent increase in the volume of the hippocampus, compared with an average loss of about 1,4% in the control participants. The researchers also found that improvements in fitness measured by exercise testing on a treadmill were significantly associated with increases in the volume of the hippocampus.

    the other hand, the study failed to demonstrate a group effect on memory. Both groups showed signficant improvements both accuracy and speed on a standard test. The apparent lack of effect is probably a statistical thing that results from large individual differences within the groups.

    The analyses showed that higher aerobic fitness levels at baseline and after the one-year intervention were associated with better spatial memory perfomance. They found that change in aerobic fitness was not related to improvements in memory for either the entire sample or either group separately. On the other hand, larger hippocampi at baseline and after the intervention were associated with better memory performance. The reseachers have drawn a conclusion that aerobic exercise is neuro-protective. Starting an exercise routine later in life is then useful for either enhancing cognition or increasing brain wolume.

(Soure: http://www.everydayheath.com)

By saying " ....it is possible to overcome the age related decline in hippocampal volume with only moderate exercise, .... " (paragraph 1), the author assumes that ____.

By saying " ....it is possible to overcome the age related decline in hippocampal volume with only moderate exercise, .... " (paragraph 1), the author assumes that ____.

  1. Elderly people may look younger because of their brain size

  2. Any exercises can probably make better fitness and memory.

  3. The volume of the hippocampus potentially impairs memory.

  4. Regular exercises can increase one's quality of thinking

  5. The age-related decline can be solved moderately.

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Jawaban terverifikasi

Jawaban

jawaban yang benar adalah D .

jawaban yang benar adalah D.

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Soal menanyakan maksud dari penulis terkait dengan kalimat pada soal. Terjemahan dari kalimat yang dimaksud pada soal adalah ".... hal ini memungkinkan untuk mengatasi penurunan volume hipokampus terkait usia hanya dengan olahraga ringan, ....". Pada paragraf pertama, terdapat kalimat " Regular aerobic exercise such as walking may protect the memory center in the brain" yang artinya "Latihan aerobik secara teratur seperti berjalan kaki dapat melindungi pusat memori di otak", dan " stretching exercise may cause the center called the hippocampus to shrink" yang artinya "latihan peregangan dapat menyebabkan pusat yang disebut hippocampus menyusut". Dari terjemahan tersebut, dapat diketahui jikaterdapat 2 efek/akibat dari 2 olahraga terhadap perkembangan hipokampus. Pertama, olahraga ringan ( walking ) yang rutin yang berakibat berkembangnya hipokampus. Kedua, olahraga berat/berlebihan ( stretching exercise ) yang dapat menyebabkan penyusutan pada hipokampus. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan jikamaksud dari penulis terkait dengan kalimat pada soal adalah hanya dengan olahraga ringan dan teratur saja, penurunan kemampuan berfikir dapat teratasi atau pada pilihan jawaban adalah " Regular exercises can increase one's quality of thinking." Dengan demikian, jawaban yang benar adalah D .

Soal menanyakan maksud dari penulis terkait dengan kalimat pada soal. Terjemahan dari kalimat yang dimaksud pada soal adalah ".... hal ini memungkinkan untuk mengatasi penurunan volume hipokampus terkait usia hanya dengan olahraga ringan, ....".

Pada paragraf pertama, terdapat kalimat "Regular aerobic exercise such as walking may protect the memory center in the brain" yang artinya "Latihan aerobik secara teratur seperti berjalan kaki dapat melindungi pusat memori di otak", dan "stretching exercise may cause the center called the hippocampus to shrink" yang artinya "latihan peregangan dapat menyebabkan pusat yang disebut hippocampus menyusut".

Dari terjemahan tersebut, dapat diketahui jika terdapat 2 efek/akibat dari 2 olahraga terhadap perkembangan hipokampus. Pertama, olahraga ringan (walking) yang rutin yang berakibat berkembangnya hipokampus. Kedua, olahraga berat/berlebihan (stretching exercise) yang dapat menyebabkan penyusutan pada hipokampus. 

Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan jika maksud dari penulis terkait dengan kalimat pada soal adalah hanya dengan olahraga ringan dan teratur saja, penurunan kemampuan berfikir dapat teratasi atau pada pilihan jawaban adalah "Regular exercises can increase one's quality of thinking."

Dengan demikian, jawaban yang benar adalah D.

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With paragraph 4, the author implies thatthe ____.

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