Question 13-16 are based on the following passage.

   
    Though the term "literature" seems as though it would be simple to define, only a few moments of pondering the question "what s literature?" is required before one realizes how complex it really is. Imam Jalar al-Sadiq, a Muslim philosopher who lived during the eighth century. A.D. wrote that "Literature is the garment which one puts on what he says or writes so that it may appear more attractive." When viewed in this light, literature begins to resemble less a description of content itself than an artistic veil draped over content. 

    On the other hand, the term literature is cast in a harsher light when viewed as the twentieth century Russian thinker Roman Jakobson did; he declared that literature is "organized violence committed or ordinary speech". Jakobson thus suggests that the unstructured conversational words that define ordinary speech are transmogrified into a particular arrangement on the page and, in so doing, become literature.

    Another facet to consider is the public's perception of literature. While some may define cave paintings as literature, others would argue that they are merely graphic inscriptions that, though perhaps narrative, are not literary. Others may argue that banned books, such as Go Ask Alice, published in 1971 and excluded from many library shelves and schools, are not literature because the content cannot be universally appreciated. Because these questions remain unanswered and are largely subjective, in the final analysis, it may prove impossible to define the term "literature." 

Based on the passage, about which of the following would Imam Ja'far ai-Sadiq and Roman Jakobson be most likely to disagree?