Pertanyaan

Passage 2 Archaeology is a source of history, not just a humble auxiliary discipline. Archaeological data are historical documents, not mere illustrations to written texts. Just as much as any other historian, an archaeologist studies and tries to reconstitute the process that has created the human world in which we live and us ourselves in so far as we are each creature of our age and social environment. 5 Archaeological data are all changes in the material world resulting from human action or more succinctly the fossilized results of human behavior. The sum of these constitutes is what may be called as the archaeological record which it exhibits certain peculiarities and deficiencies the consequences of which produce a rather superficial contrast between archaeological history and the more familiar kind based upon written records. 10 Not all human behavior fossilizes. The words I utter and you hear as vibrations in the air are certainly human changes in the material world and may be of great historical significance. Yet they leave no sort of trace in the archaeological records unless they are captured by a dictaphone or written down by a clerk. The movement of troops on the battlefield may "change the course of history", but this is equally ephemeral from the archaeologist's standpoint. What is perhaps worse, most organic materials 15 being perishable. Everything made of wood, hide wool, linen, grass hair, and similar materials will decay and vanish in dust in a few years or centuries, save under very exceptional conditions. In a relatively brief period, the archaeological record is reduced to mere scraps of stone, bone, glass, metal, and earthenware. Still modem archaeology, by applying appropriate techniques and comparative methods, aided by a few lucky finds from peat bogs, deserts, and frozen soils can fill up a good deal of the gap. 1. What is the author's main purpose in the passage? A. Pointing out the importance of recent advances in archaeology. B. Describing an archaeologist's education. C. Explaining how archaeology is a source of history. D. Encouraging more people to become archaeologists. 2. The word "discipline" in line 1 can be best replaced by A. student B. course C order D. method 3. The word "it" in line 7 refers to. A. the record B. the sum Chuman behavior D. constitute 4. According to the passage, what does the archaeological record consists of? A. spoken words of great historical significance B. the fossilize results of human activity C organic materials D. ephemeral ideas 5. The word "they" in line 12 refers to A. scraps B. words C troops D. humans 6. In line 13, the phrase "change the course of history" can be considered as A. a cause of different story in the past B. a reference of certain history C. a change in related history D. a matter of history course 7. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of an organic material? A. stone B. wool C. grass D. hair 8. The author mentions all the following archaeological discovery sites EXCEPT A. urban areas B. peat bogs C. very hot and dry lands D. earth that has been frozen 9. The word "mere" in line 17 can be best replaced by... A. simple B. unimportant C. pure D. little 10. The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses A. techniques for recording oral histories B. certain battlefield excavation methods C. some specific archaeological discoveries D. building materials of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries

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