Pertanyaan

2. Read and understand the following text carefully! Then, answer the questions! Prince Diponegoro Prince Diponegoro (born in Yogyakarta, 11 November 1785 - died in Makassar, South Sulawesi, January 81 h, 1855 at the age of 69 years) was one of the national hero of the Republic of Indonesia. His grave is in Makassar. Diponegoro War began when the Dutch · side's put the peg in. the ground in the village Tegalrejo, Diponegoro's village. At that time, he was already fed up with the .behaviour of the Netherlands who did not appreciate the local customs and so exploited the people by taxation. Diponegoro had firm stance against the Dutch openly. He got sympathy and popular support. From the suggestion of Prince Mangkubumi, his uncle, Diponegoro went away from Tegalrejo and created a base in a cave that waa named Goa Selarong (located five kilometers west of Bantu! town). At that time, Diponegoro claimed his war as 'Sabil war', a fight against the infidels. The spirit of the "Sabil War" gave extensive·impact to the region of Kedu. One religious leader in Surakarta, Kyai Maja, joined forces with Diponegoro in Goa Selarong. The beginning of the war saw large losses on the side of the Dutch, due to their lack of coherent strategy and commitment in fighting Diponegoro's guerrilla warfare. Ambushes were set up, and food supplies were denied to the Dutch troops. During this war the Dutch loss of not less than 15,000 soldiers and 20 million guilders. The Dutch finally committed themselves to controlling the spreading rebellion by increasing the number of troops and sending General De Kock to stop the insurgencies. De Kock developed a strategy of fortified camps and mobile forces. Heavily-fortified and well-defended soldiers occupied key landmarks to limit the · movement of Diponegoro's troops while mobile forces tried to find and fight the rebels. From 1829, Diponegoro definitely lost the initiative and he was put in a defensive position. Many troops and leaders were defeated or deserted. In 1830 Diponegoro's military was weak and negotiations were started. In March 1830 he was invited to negotiate under a flag of truce. He accepted but was taken prisoner on 28 March despite the flag .of truce. De Kock claims that he had warned several Javanese nobles to tell Diponegoro he had to lessen his previous demands or that he would be forced to take other measures. Then, The Dutch exiled him to Makassar. d. Explain the war strategy applied by Diponegoro!

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