With wich of the following topics is the text mainly concerned? A. The alternatives to plastic bags B. The urgent action to combat climate change C. The Regulation which forbides plastic bags use D. The need to educate people about global warming E. The alarming number of plastic bags polluting the ocean

There have been a number of differences in the way geography is now to be approached in the National Curriculum. It was decided that there would be a renewed emphasis on spatial knowledge, as well as the human and physical processes. This should cover some technical procedures such as using grid references. There should also be a renewed commitment towards the concept of fieldwork and the use of maps, as well as written communication. Dealing with geography, the National Curriculum includes certain topics, but not necessarily how they should be taught. For example, the focus at key stage 1 is. developing knowledge about the United Kingdom and the world. Students should study certain fact such as the world's seven continents and their locations. They should be able to name and identify the four countries and capital cities of the UK. Trips to London may include extra-curricular education that can aid students" understanding of the United Kingdom. They also should be able to identify seasonal weather patterns, identify hot and cold areas of the world, and use world maps and globes to identify the UK and other countries and oceans. As they progress to key stage 2, students are expected to extend their knowledge to include Europe, North, and South America as well as significant human and physical features. They should be able to identify the position of latitude, longitude, the Equator and other large features of the world such as the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. Students at key stage 2 should study more physical geography including the climate zones, biomes and features such as volcanoes and earthquakes. Trips to destinations such as Iceland could encourage further learning about some of the world's physical geography. There is a huge emphasis on geographical skills at this stage. Students should be able to use the eight points of a compass, four and six- figure grid references and keys on Ordinance Survey maps in order to develop their knowledge. The first paragraph is about

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Match the language elements on the left column with their examples on the right column. Language elements 1. Formal and impersonal language/ topic specific vocabulary 2. Topic noun groups to organize the text 3. Timeless present tense 4. Reference items 5. Passive voice 6. Noun group 7. Nominalisations 8. Verbs, action 9. Verb. relational 10. Circumstance, with whom 11. Circumstance, of means Examples a. Hardware is the physical part of computers...... b. The mouse or touch pad is used....; The information ... is ... being used c. Operating System, (OS), Central Processing Unit (CPU) d. the information that computers use to get the job done e. The basic computer system, Hardware, Information, software, Business People, Students and people in the community f. It, they, the, this g. runs, creates h. are i. with their peers j. information, application. storage k. Through the use of computers. Number 1

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Why is it Important to Clean the Environment? A clean environment ensures the continuai existence and survival of all life on Earth. Cleaning the environment reduce pollution, protects unique ecosystem. prevent the extinction of endangered species and conserve resources, such as water, soil and air. A clean environment ensures the protection of biodiversity and the ecosystems upon which human life and all other life on Earth depends. Some of the biggest threats facing the planet as of 2014 are climate change and global warming. In recent years, the Earth's average temperature has increased. climate and weather changes, such as heavy rain falls, resulting in heavy floods, severe heat waves, drought, melting ice caps and rising sea levels, have accompanied these rising temperatures. Other factors that negatively impact the environment include toxic emissions and pollution of water, land and air. Pollutants also adversely affect human health conditions and diseases such as cholera, heart disease. cancer, cystic fibrosis, and respiratory tract and eye irritation. Pollutants have led to increased mortality rates. To maintain a clean environment, people need to reduce the use of toxic materials. Converse water and energy, dispose of garbage property, recycle waste products, purchase recycled products, invest in green energy and drive fuel-efficient cars with reduced carbon dioxide emissions. 1. what is the topic of the text? how do you know?

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Robert Capa is a name that has for many years been synonymous with war photography. Bom in Hungary in 1913 as Friedmann Endre Emo, Capa was forced to leave his native country after his involvement in anti government protests, Capa had originally wanted to become a writer, but after his arrival in Berlin had first found work as a photographer. He later left Germany and moved to France due to the rise in Nazism He tried to find work as a freelance journalist and it was here that he changed his name to Robert Capa, mainly because he thought it would sound more A merican. In 1936 after the breakout of Spanish Civil war Capa went to Spain and it was here over the next three years that he built his reputation as a war photographer. It was here too in 1936 that he took one of his most famous pictures, The Death of a Loyalist Soldier. One of Capa's most famous quotes was 'If your pictures aren't good enough, you're not close enough. And he took his attitude of getting close to the action to an extreme. His photograph, The Death of a Loyalist Soldier, is a prime example of this as Capa captures the very moment the soldier falls. Though many have questioned the authenticity of this photograph, claiming that it was staged. When World War II broke out, Capa was in New Yourk, but he was soon back in Europe covering the war for Life magazine. Some of his most famous work was created on 6th June 1944 when he swam ashore with the first assault on Omaha Beach in the D-Day invasion of Normandy. Capa, armed only with two cameras, took more than one hundred photographs in the first hour of landing, but a mistake in the darkroom during the drying of the film destroyed all but eight frames. It was the images from these frames however that inspired the visual style of Steven Spielberg's Oscar winning movie "Saving Private Ryan. Whe Life magazine published the photographs, they claimed that they were slightly out of focus, and Capa later used this as the title of his autobiographical account of the war. Capa's private life was no less dramatic. He was friend to many of Hollywood's directors, actors and actresses. In 1943 he feel in love with the wife of actor John Austin. His affair with her lasted until the end of the war and became the subject of his war memoirs. He was at one time lover to actress Ingrid Bergman. Their relationship finally ended in 1946 when he refused to settle in Hollywood and went off to Turkey. In 1947 Capa was among a group of photojournalists who founded Magnum Photos. This was a co-operative organisation set up to support photographers and help them to retain ownership of the copyright to their work. Capa went on to document many other wars, he never attempted to glamorise war though, but to record the horror. He once said, "The desire of any war photographer is to be put out of business." Capa died as he had lived. After promosing not to photograph any morre wars, he accepted as assignment to go to Indochina to cover the first Indochina war. On May 25th 1954 Capa was accompanying a French regiment, when he left his jeep to take some photographs of the advance and stepped on a land mine. He was taken to a nearby hospital, still clutching his camera, but was pronouced dead on arrival. He left behind him a testament to the horrors of war and a standard for photojournalism that few others have been able to reach. Why did Capa change his name? A. To hide his identity. B. To sound more American. C. Because he had to leave Hungary. D. Because he had been involved in protests.

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Text 1 is for questions 1 to 7 Advertisements There are many reasons for both sides of the question, "Should we have printed advertisement'?" Many people have strong views and feel that ads are nothing more than useless junk mail, while other people feel it is important source information. There are some reasons why we should have advertisement in newspaper and magazines. One reason is ads give us information about what is available. Looking at ads we can find out what is on sale and what is new in the market. This is an easy way of shopping. Another reason is that advertisement promotes business. When shop owners compete against each other the buyer saves money, more people come to their shops and they sell more goods. On the other hand, some people argue that ads should not be put in newspapers and magazines for these various reasons. Firstly, ads cost the shopkeepers a lot of money to print onto paper. Also some people don't like finding junk mail in their letter boxes. Ads also influence people to buy items they don't need and can't really afford. Ads use up a lot of space and a lot of effort has to be made the ads eye-catching. After looking at both sides of issue, I think we should not have advertisements because they cost a lot of money and take up a lot of room in the papers. I don't think I find some of them interesting. I mainly disagree because it's junk mail. 7. What is the last paragraph called? A. Issue B. Orientation C. Argument D. Preview E. Conclusion

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