Pertanyaan

This text is for questions 5 to 8. A dam is a human-made structure that is primarily used to hold back water. However, before we had the Hoover Dam or any of the other major dams of today, our ancestors had to learn about dam engineering, and some. of that was done through trials and errors. The first known dam to be built is the Jawa Dam, which is actually the largest in a series of dams that are all parts of one reservoir system. Located in modern-day Jordan, the Jawa Dam was originally constructed around 3,000 BCE in what was then Mesopotamia. While most ancient dams were simple gravity dams constructed of gravel and masonry, the Jawa Dam was reinforced with rock fill behind the upstream wall in order to protect the wall from water pressure breach Subsequent ancient dams were built by several cultures with varying rates of success. Approximately 400 years after the construction of the highly successful Jawa Dam, Egyptians built the Sadd el-Kafara, or Dam of the Pagans. The Romans, highly regarded for their advances in hydraulic engineering, were prolific in dam construction during the height of the empire. In addition to the vast network of aqueducts, the Romans built a plethora of gravity dams, most notably the Subiaco Dams, which were constructed around 60 AD to create a pleasure lake for Emperor Nero. The Romans also constructed the world's first arch dam in the 1st century BCE. Asian cultures also contributed to dam engineering. As early as 400 BCE, Asians built earthen embankments dams to store water for the cities of Ceylon, or modern-day Sri Lanka. In the 5th century AD, the Sinhalese built several dams to form reservoirs to catch the monsoon rains for their intricate irrigation system, and many of these reservoirs are still in use today. Around the 12th century AD, about 4,000 dams were built by an egotistical Sinhalese ruler, King Parakrama Babu. Japan and India also contributed to early dam engineering, with much success. In fact, five of the ten oldest dams still in use are located in these two countries. The oldest operational dam in the world, the Lake Homs Dam in Syria, was built around 1300. While dams have been being constructed for over 5,000 years, the last 100 years have seen the most significant contributions in dam engineering. The understanding of dam safety has made significant strides over the last 100 years. With the tens of thousands of existing large dams throughout the world, and the ever-increasing demand for water and power, dams will continue to make a significant impact on modern day life. Adopted from: http://web.archive.org/web/20210824074742/ https://tataandhoward.com/a-history-of-dams-from -ancient-times to-today/ (August 24, 2021) Why were the Subiaco Dams built? A. To provide a reservoir system B. To build hydroelectric power plants C. To store weter for the cities of Ceylon D. To please the Roman Emperor E. To trap monsoon rains for irigation

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