The chemical that puts the heat in hot chili peppe...

Question

The chemical that puts the heat in hot chili peppers is capsaicin. Yet scientists have known for some time that when applied to the skin, this same compound can diminish pain. Indeed, some over-the-counter pain relievers already rely on capsaicin to tackle sore muscles and joints. But how that chi li chemical chill sore nerves has remained somewhat of a mystery. Until now.

Tibor Rohacs of Ru t gers New Jersey Medical School in Newark and colleagues find that capsaicin works through a cascade of biological steps. They have just outlined them in the February 10 issue of Science Signaling.

In the body, capsaicin jump starts a chemical chain reaction. The first step in that chain reaction was well known. That is where capsaicin turns on a protein-Trpv1-that senses heat(this protein's activity explains why rubbing creams containing capsaicin onto the skin produces a localized burning sensation). But, the compound does quite a bit more.

More importantly for pain control: turning on Trpv1 floods pain-sensing nerves with calcium, Rohac's team has just discovered that calcium boost causes a drop in levels of two fatty substances, known as lipids. They are known as  phosphoinositides. These lipids reside in the wall (membranes) of nerve cells. The lipid dip, in tum, silences two proteins. They are called Piezo) 1 and 2. Their job is to monitor whether and how much a cell membrane stretches.

Those Piezo proteins are important for many biological processes. They play a role in telling blood vessels to constrict. They also play roles in sensing touch and pain. Indeed, Rohac's group showed, shutting down those stretch sensors blocks the signal that normally alerts the brain to pain.

By saying "But how chili chemical chill sore nerves has remained somewhat of mystery" in paragraph 1, the author implies that .... 
A. there are many researches on how chili chemical sore nerve already conducted 
B. it has already known that capsaicin in the chili chemical can relieve pain, but the biological steps on how it chills sore nerves still has remained unknown
C. the scientists must conduct the research on sore nerves 
D. people has already known capsaicin involved in chili chemical 
E. the scientists does not find out capsaicin in the chemical chili

K. Nur · Accepted Answer

Hai Siti, kakak bantu jawab ya :)

Jawaban soal ini adalah B. it has already known that capsaicin in the chili chemical can relieve pain, but the biological steps on how it chills sore nerves still has remained unknown.

Soal ini menanyakan maksud dari kalimat "But how chili chemical chill sore nerves has remained somewhat of mystery" pada paragraf 1.

Bacaan diatas adalah mengenai zat capsaicin yang ada pada cabai. Tidak hanya memunculkan sensasi pedas dan panas, zat ini dapat mengatasi nyeri otot dan persendian. Penelitian tentang zat capsaicin ini dilakukan lebih lanjut oleh Tibor Rohacs Rutgers dari New Jersey Medical School di Newark.

Arti dari "But how chili chemical chill sore nerves has remained somewhat of mystery" adalah "Tapi bagaimana zat kimia cabai dapat meredakan saraf sakit tetap menjadi misteri."

Maksud dari kalimat tersebut adalah para peneliti mengetahui capsaicin dalam cabai dapat menghilangkan rasa sakit, namun mereka belum mengetahui teknis bagaimana zat tersebut dapat meredakan sakit saraf pada manusia.

Dengan demikian, opsi yang mendekati adalah B. it has already known that capsaicin in the chili chemical can relieve pain, but the biological steps on how it chills sore nerves still has remained unknown yang artinya "Telah diketahui bahwa capsaicin dalam bahan kimia cabai dapat menghilangkan rasa sakit, tetapi langkah-langkah biologis bagaimana cara meredakan sakit saraf masih belum diketahui."

Jadi, jawaban yang benar adalah B.

Semoga membantu ya :)

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