The chemical that puts the heat in hot chili peppers is capsaicin. Yet scientists have known for some time that when applied to the skin, this same compound can diminish pain. Indeed, some over-the-counter pain relievers already rely on capsaicin to tackle sore muscles and joints. But how that chi li chemical chill sore nerves has remained somewhat of a mystery. Until now. Tibor Rohacs of Ru t gers New Jersey Medical School in Newark and colleagues find that capsaicin works through a cascade of biological steps. They have just outlined them in the February 10 issue of Science Signaling. In the body, capsaicin jump starts a chemical chain reaction. The first step in that chain reaction was well known. That is where capsaicin turns on a protein-Trpv1-that senses heat(this protein's activity explains why rubbing creams containing capsaicin onto the skin produces a localized burning sensation). But, the compound does quite a bit more. More importantly for pain control: turning on Trpv1 floods pain-sensing nerves with calcium, Rohac's team has just discovered that calcium boost causes a drop in levels of two fatty substances, known as lipids. They are known as phosphoinositides. These lipids reside in the wall (membranes) of nerve cells. The lipid dip, in tum, silences two proteins. They are called Piezo) 1 and 2. Their job is to monitor whether and how much a cell membrane stretches. Those Piezo proteins are important for many biological processes. They play a role in telling blood vessels to constrict. They also play roles in sensing touch and pain. Indeed, Rohac's group showed, shutting down those stretch sensors blocks the signal that normally alerts the brain to pain. By saying "But how chili chemical chill sore nerves has remained somewhat of mystery" in paragraph 1, the author implies that .... A. there are many researches on how chili chemical sore nerve already conducted B. it has already known that capsaicin in the chili chemical can relieve pain, but the biological steps on how it chills sore nerves still has remained unknown C. the scientists must conduct the research on sore nerves D. people has already known capsaicin involved in chili chemical E. the scientists does not find out capsaicin in the chemical chili

Fill in the blanks with suitable words below. strategic - town plan - institution - abolishment government - founder - foundation stone gigantic trading post - development - treaty - policies Have you ever heard the name Thomas Stamford Raffles? Then you must know Rafflesia arnoldii, a (1) _____ flower with stinky smell. The generic name Rafflesia is given in honor of him. Thomas Stamford Raffles was born in Port Morant, Jamaica on July 6, 1783 and died in Middlesex, England on July 5, 1826. He is known as the (2) _____ of modern Singapore. Raffles arrived in Singapore on board the Indiana on January 28, 1819. Then, he signed the (3) _____ with Sultans Hussein Shah of Johor on February 6, 1819 that gave the British East India Company the right to set up a (4) _____ in Singapore Besides signing the treat, Raffles made several other contributions that helped establish Singapore as a thriving settlement. Raffles conceive a (5) _____ to remodel Singapore into a modern city. The plan comprised the formation of separate clusters to house different ethnic groups, and the provision of facilities such as roads, schools and land for government buildings. In October 1822, a Town Committee was formed by Raffles to oversee the project, September 30, 2020 and the resultant plan was published in 1828. Later on, Raffles devised a set of (6) _____ and regulations that outlined the objectives of Singapore harbor, helping establish the settlement as a free port. Singapore was chosen by virtue of its (7) _____ geographical location, to compete with other ports under the control of the Dutch. Raffles also instituted the administration of justice to ensure peace and order in the thriving settlement. He founded the Resident Court, appointed magistrate, and implemented trial by jury. In addition, he instituted the (8) _____ of activities such as public gambling, slavery and c o c k -fighting. In 1822, Raffles assigned Lieutenant Philip Jackson to build a bridge across the Singapore River. The bridge, called Resentment Bridge, was also known as Jacksons bridge and extended across the Singapore River until 1842. Jacksons bridge was eventually demolished and replaced in 1844 with another bridge called Thomson Bridge, which was used as a foot bridge until 1846. Shortly after the establishment of a British settlement in Singapore, one of Raffles immediate concerns was the formation of an (9) _____ of higher learning to educate the sons of the Malay chiefs, to teach the native languages to officers of the East India Company, and to collect the literature on the traditions, and laws and customs of the country. A site along a stretch of road, now known as Bars of this institution on Bash Road, was chosen for this purpose. Raffles laid the (10) _____ of this institution on June 5, 1823. The building was completed only in 1837, and was occupied by the Singapore Free School which operated as the Singapore Institution Free School. In 1856, the Singapore Institution Free School was renamed Singapore Institution. In the schools annual report for 1868, the school was referred to as Raffles Institution. The Singapore Library (now known as the National Library) was established within the Singapore Institution building on January 22, 1845. That's a short biography of Thomas Stamford Raffles, the founder of modern Singapore. He established important foundation of Singapore today as a developed country. Number 3 _____

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The girl is driving the blue car. The passive : A. The blue car is being driven by the girl B. The blue car is driven by the girl C. The blue car was being driven by the girl D. The blue car will be driven by the girl E. The blue car has been driven by the girl

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The Wessex Food Corporation has named Wilma Frank as its new chief executive officer,according to Wessex public relations officer Howard Ryder Ms.Frank replaces Patrick James,who, after twenty-five years at Wessex, has moved over to the Benfield Corporation to become its chairman of the board. Ms. Frank, a former government employee with fifteen years in the private sector, has been at Wessex for almost a decade. What is the purpose of the article? A. To talk about the work of the Wessex corporation B To explain Mr.Frank's background C To announce the new CEO of Wessex D To explain what a public relations officer does

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Mechanical harvesting of pecans occurs in fall between October and December, after hulls have started to dehisce. A hydraulic shaker is used to shake each tree to dislodge nuts. Shakers have padded arms which clamp to tree trunks. Nuts are mechanically swept into a mechanical harvester. Nuts are mechanically swept into windrows, where they by a mechanical harvester. The hulls are then (1) ______ from nuts at a hulling facility. After hulling, nuts are typically dried to 4% kernel moisture at 750 F, with relative humidity below 60% and moderate air flow. Pecan nuts can for up to one year at 320 to 34° F. Nuts should be frozen if they are stored longer than one year (1) a. separated b. used c. divided d. united e. mixed

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Change the following sentences into negative. I have already submitted my task. (negative)

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