Pertanyaan

TEXT A The tropical rainforest is a forest of tall trees in a region of year-round warmth. An average of 50 to 260 inches (125 to 660 cm) of rain falls yearly. Rainforests now cover less than 6% of Earth's land surface. Scientists estimate that more than half of all the world's plant and animal species live in rainforests. Tropical rainforests produce 40% of Earth's oxygen. A tropical rainforest has more kinds of trees than any other area in the world. Scientists have counted about 100 to 300 species in one 2 1/2 acre (1-hectare) area in South America. Seventy percent of the plants in the rainforest are trees. About 1/4 of all the medicines we use come from rainforest plants. Curare comes from a tropical vine and is used as anesthetic and to relax muscles during surgery. Quinine, from the cinchona tree, is used to treat malaria. A person with lymphocytic leukemia has a 99% chance that the disease will go into decrease because of the rosy periwinkle. More than 1,400 varieties of tropical plants are thought to be potential cures for cancer. Each of the three largest rainforests - the American, the African, and the Asian - has a different group of animal and plant species of the other two rainforests. In addition, different areas of the same rainforest may have different species. Many kinds of trees that grow in the mountains of the Amazon rainforest do not grow in the lowlands of that same forest. TEXT B Though dry forests occur in climates that are warm year-round, and may receive several hundred centimetres of rain per year, they deal with long dry seasons which last several months and vary with geographic location. These seasonal droughts have great impact on all living things in the forest. Deciduous trees predominate these forests, and during the drought a leafless period occurs, which varies with species type. The newly bare trees open up the canopy layer, enabling sunlight to reach ground level and facilitate the growth of thick underbrush. Though less biologically diverse than rain forests, tropical dry forests are still home to a wide variety of wildlife including monkeys,large cats parrots, various rodents, and ground dwelling birds. Many of these species display extraordinary adaptations to the difficult climate. The most diverse dry forests in the world occur in southern Mexico and in the Bolivian lowlands. The dry forests of the Pacific Coast of north western South America support a wealth of unique species due to their isolation. The dry forests of central India and Indochina are notable for their diverse large vertebrate faunas. Dry forests of Madagascar and New Caledonia are also highly distinctive (pronounced endemism and a large number of Relictual taxa) for a wide range of taxa and at higher taxonomic levels. Species tend to have wider ranges than moist forest species, although in some regions many species do display highly restricted ranges; most dry forest species are restricted to tropical dry forests, particularly in plants; beta diversity and a1pha diversity high but typically lower than adjacent moist forests. The following statements reflect opinions in both texts, EXCEPT ... A. about half of plant and animal species live in rain forests B. most trees in dry forests are bare during the rainy season C. rain forests have less animal species than dry forests D. plants from both forests can be used as medicines E. rain and dry forests grown in warm regions

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