Fill in the blanks with suitable words below. strategic - town plan - institution - abolishment government - founder - foundation stone gigantic trading post - development - treaty - policies Have you ever heard the name Thomas Stamford Raffles? Then you must know Rafflesia arnoldii, a (1) _____ flower with stinky smell. The generic name Rafflesia is given in honor of him. Thomas Stamford Raffles was born in Port Morant, Jamaica on July 6, 1783 and died in Middlesex, England on July 5, 1826. He is known as the (2) _____ of modern Singapore. Raffles arrived in Singapore on board the Indiana on January 28, 1819. Then, he signed the (3) _____ with Sultans Hussein Shah of Johor on February 6, 1819 that gave the British East India Company the right to set up a (4) _____ in Singapore Besides signing the treat, Raffles made several other contributions that helped establish Singapore as a thriving settlement. Raffles conceive a (5) _____ to remodel Singapore into a modern city. The plan comprised the formation of separate clusters to house different ethnic groups, and the provision of facilities such as roads, schools and land for government buildings. In October 1822, a Town Committee was formed by Raffles to oversee the project, September 30, 2020 and the resultant plan was published in 1828. Later on, Raffles devised a set of (6) _____ and regulations that outlined the objectives of Singapore harbor, helping establish the settlement as a free port. Singapore was chosen by virtue of its (7) _____ geographical location, to compete with other ports under the control of the Dutch. Raffles also instituted the administration of justice to ensure peace and order in the thriving settlement. He founded the Resident Court, appointed magistrate, and implemented trial by jury. In addition, he instituted the (8) _____ of activities such as public gambling, slavery and c o c k -fighting. In 1822, Raffles assigned Lieutenant Philip Jackson to build a bridge across the Singapore River. The bridge, called Resentment Bridge, was also known as Jacksons bridge and extended across the Singapore River until 1842. Jacksons bridge was eventually demolished and replaced in 1844 with another bridge called Thomson Bridge, which was used as a foot bridge until 1846. Shortly after the establishment of a British settlement in Singapore, one of Raffles immediate concerns was the formation of an (9) _____ of higher learning to educate the sons of the Malay chiefs, to teach the native languages to officers of the East India Company, and to collect the literature on the traditions, and laws and customs of the country. A site along a stretch of road, now known as Bars of this institution on Bash Road, was chosen for this purpose. Raffles laid the (10) _____ of this institution on June 5, 1823. The building was completed only in 1837, and was occupied by the Singapore Free School which operated as the Singapore Institution Free School. In 1856, the Singapore Institution Free School was renamed Singapore Institution. In the schools annual report for 1868, the school was referred to as Raffles Institution. The Singapore Library (now known as the National Library) was established within the Singapore Institution building on January 22, 1845. That's a short biography of Thomas Stamford Raffles, the founder of modern Singapore. He established important foundation of Singapore today as a developed country. Number 3 _____

Preparing the Children Today for Tomorrow Parents strive to have their children academically competitive. Their goal is to send their children to good schools as well as to choose extracurricular activities that improve their children's skills and abilities. Children learn what is important through their school year. The question then becomes what should parents consider in choosing the best education for their children? When should the process begin? The answer is, from the time of birth, how ever, the schools become part of the process, when children begin preschools and kinder garten. This is when parents pick a school that parallel their educational beliefs. A joint effort between parents, students, and the schools is established. Success will be based on how well the "team" works. Parents need to look for a school that will be a "second home" for their children. These are some important factors that should be considered. It is very important that students have good reading comprehension, writing and speaking skills. In today's world, students who develop skill in two or more languages will find further studies easier. English is considered the business language of today and is important for students who plan to attend university in English speaking countries. Mandarin is becoming more important as China begins to move into world economy. French and German are necessary for many students are now looking at oppor tunities in Europe. Students who develop more than one language have an advantage over competitors applying for college place ment. However one cannot develop a second language unless one develops his or her first language. Studies show that children between the ages of two and six best acquire a second language parallel to their own. Therefore, starting students in school offering dual language instruction programmes have an advantage. If a dual language programmes isn't available, or is too expensive, parents may need to look at different ways to get the needed language instruction. Language acquisition needs to be active. A good school will begin with oral language at the earliest opportunity to develop speaking confidence and to set grammatical structures. When a child learn two languages in parallel, vocabulary and grammatical structures are easier to acquire. The earlier a second language is learned, the less problem a child will have with improper word use. The more active in each language students become the more proficient and confident they will be. Taken from The Jakarta Post, 2007 33. What language should you study if you want to continue your study in Europe?

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Mosaku and his apprentice Minokichi journeyed to a forest, some little distance front their village. It was a bitterly cold night when they neared their destination, and saw in front of them a cold sweep of water. They desired to cross this river, but the ferryman had gone away, leaving his boat on the other side of the water, and they were glad to take shelter in the ferryman's little hut. Minokichi fell asleep, to be soon awakened by a shower of snow falling across his face. He found a fair woman in dazzlingly white garments bent over Mosaku. Her breath coming forth like white smoke. After bending over the old man fort a minute or two, she turned to Minokichi and threat Minokichi with instant death if he dared to mention to anyone what he had seen, she suddenly vanished. Mosaku was dead! During the next winter, while Minokichi was returning home, he chanced to meet a pretty girl by the name of Yuki. Minokichi was charmed with this maiden, and in due time married her. Yuki presented her husband with ten fine and handsome children, fairer of skin than average. One night, while Yuki was sewing, Minokichi recalled the extraordinary experience he had had in the ferryman's hut. "You remind me so much of a beautiful white woman I saw when I was eighteen years old. She killed my master with her ice-cold breath. I am sure she was some strange spirit, and yet tonight she seems to resemble you." Yuki flung down her sewing. She bent close to her husband and shrieked, "It was me, Yuki-Onna, who came to you then, and silently killed your master! Oh, faithless wretch, you have broken your promise to keep the matter secret, and if it were not for our sleeping children I would kill you now! On a night when the snow falls I will kill you!" Then Yuki-Onna, the Lady of the Snow, changed into a white *mist*, and passed through the smoke-hole, never to return again. Where did Mosaku and Minokichi stay in the forest? a. On a boat b. Shelter c. Village d. River e. Ferryman's bed

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Dear Malika, How are you? I saw you posted some amazing photos of the coastline near your hometown. You're really getting into your photography! Right now I'm taking a break from social media to write you an old-fashioned email. Remember you said you'd like to come over to the UK sometime this year? Well I was thinking that this year you might like to come to the Edinburgh Festival with me in August. I've got an aunt with a flat in the city centre who could put us up. Do you know much about the festival? It's legendary- the biggest, most cosmopolitan arts festival in the world! There are loads of things going on- art exhibitions, concerts of all kinds, modern dance, a book festival, comedy. The thing it's most famous for is cutting- edge theatre. Companies come from all over the world and perform in their own language with English subtitles. At festival time the city has a really cool vibe and a laidback atmosphere- it's lovely to just hang out and chat to people. In Scotland you have the vest of both worlds: culture and wilderness. After the festival, we could hire a car and go up to some of the islands off the west coast, like Skye. The weather can be changeable in August, but the landscape is absolutely stunning, with deserted beaches and rocky mountains. It's the perfect place for you to take photos. Afterwards, we could head back to the east coast and visit my friend Rob in St Andrews. It's really pretty and Rob's great company. You'd get on well with him. So, why don't you have a think about it and then get back to me? Take your time, there's no rush. Speak to you soon, Sophie Match the content point with the paragraph and write the alphabet next to the number 1. 1. ......... Paragraph 1 a. First content point (invite him/her to a public event in your country) b. Second content point (describe the public event) c. Third content point (explain about other plans you have) d. Request for a reply e. Opening greeting and small talk

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Organise Your Speech Delivering a powerful speech is not easy. First of all, you need to organise your speech properly. Most speeches have three main components: the introduction, the body and the closing. The Introduction This is possibly the most important part of your speech, because you want to grab your audience's attention from the start. So come up with something clever, shocking, or interesting right at the very beginning. Here are some possible techniques to use. - Be dramatic. Say something like, "I'm about to reveal a plan that will drastically alter the face of humanity as we know it!" When your presentation is really about a new brand of facial soap. - Tell a joke. Getting people to laugh will loosen them up and make them feel inclined to like you and hear what you have to say. Don't try this if your jokes are usually met by silence or groans. Test your opening out first on your most brutally honest of friends. - Tell a story. This will make the audience see you as a person instead of a boring public speaker, thus giving you an air of accessibility. Two things to keep in mind about opening your speech with your story: keep it short (under a minute) and keep it relevant to the rest of your presentation. The Body This is your speech. Everything you want to say should come out here, in an organised, trivialised fashion. Here are some possible techniques: Use a formal outline. You can prepare for writing the content of your speech by outlining your major points with those fun Roman numerals. Most good speeches have two or three main points, each of which has a couple of sub-points for examples. Formally outlining your speech will make sure that your logical flow makes sense and that your audience doesn't get lost. It will also help you figure out where the holes in your speech are, in case you have to do some last minute extra research. The Closing The way you end a speech is almost as important as the way you begin it. The audience will be most restless at the end, and you have to find a way to tie everything together so that they don't walk away remembering how badly they were fidgeting. The ending shapes the audience's memory of the speech. If you get a laugh, they will probably think it was funny. If you make a great insight, they will remember it as insightful. So sum everything up for them in approximately a few concise sentences and leave them with a witty line. Decide whether statements are true (T) or false (F) based on the text! 2. To grab your audience's attention you have to come up with something clever, shocking or interesting right at the very beginning.

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Change these active sentences into passive. 1. Ali writes a letter.

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