Pertanyaan

Complete the following text with suitable words provided. amber - scars - create - sediments - creatures - transformation damage - tree saps - fossilized - unique - microorganisms - wound Amber is one of nature gems. Amber are interesting because they can contain (1) _____ and plants from millions of years ago. They have also been used in jewelry for a few thousand years. You might have thought that amber come from (2) _____ actually, they are created from resigns. The difference is that sap transports nutrients around the tree, while resign is semi-solid and acts as a defense response for the plants immune system. When the tree has a (3) _____ (like a broken branch) or if it is attacked by insects or fungi, it exudes thick resign that plugs up the injury and prevents further (4) _____. It seals and sterilized the injury. When resign is secreted, its not certain that it will be turned into (5) _____ more often than not, it gets weathered away. First of all, the resign needs to be chemically stable and not degrade over time. It has to be resistant to sun, rain, extreme temperatures, and (6) _____ like bacteria and fungi. There are two types of resign produced by plants that can fossilized. Terpenoids are produced by gymnosperms (conifers) and angiosperms. they are composed of ring structures made from isoprene (c5h8) units. phenolic resigns are only produced by angiosperms. an extinct type of trees called medullosans produced another (7) _____ type of resin. The next factor is that the resign needs to be in the right conditions to (8) _____ young amber could be transported in seawater (it floats), and then buried under sediment to fossilized. In the baltics, glaciers knocked down many trees and buried them, allowing them to fossilized. Wet clay and sand (9) _____ preserve resign well because they don't contain much oxygen and the sediments eventually transform into rocks. Intense pressure and temperatures cause the resin to become a solid orange gem. First molecular polymerization forms coral (young amber) and then the heat and pressure drive out terpene and complete the amber (10) _____. Most amber found is about 30-90 million years old, though its not sure how long the process to turn resin into amber actually takes. The oldest amber discovered is from the upper carboniferous, 320 millions of years ago. Most amber are from pine trees or other conifers, though there are a variety of trees that they can come from. However, most amber is from extinct species because the resin was exude so long ago. Number 3

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