As spring arrives, albeit quite late this year for...

Question

As spring arrives, albeit quite late this year for many of us, we notice the changing of seasons not only by the weather, but also by a host of natural events. Depending on where you live, the flowers may poke through the snow, the birds may be back, or the cherry trees may bloom. There is an orderly sequence of events that seem to occur, with various spring flowers appearing in order, red maple buds bursting into new layers, or the old lilac by the barn scenting the air. This seasonal cycle of natural phenomena is called phenology. Global climate change appears to be interfering with the phenology of many species, at the very heart of species interactions.

In temperate regions like northern half the United States, there is comparatively little biological activity in winter. Most plants are dormant, and so are the insects feeding on them. In turn, animal that rely on these insects, such as bats and birds, are hibernating or spending the cold months in more southerly locations. Ectotherms like reptiles and amphibians, which period constrains all the growing, breeding, and dispersing activities that plants and animals do to a short favorable window. That is what makes spring so vibrant, with plants flowering and putting on new growth, insects emerging and breeding, and birds flying back to take advantage of this short-lived bounty. The onsets of each of these activities add up to so many phonological markers.

Different organism respond to different cues to initiate seasonal activities. Many plants will start growing leaves again after a set period of dormancy, which very roughly dictates the leaf-out window. Cues that more precisely determine when the buds break can be soil temperature, air temperature, or water availability. Similarly, temperature cues can promote the beginning of insect activity. Day length itself can be the operative trigger for some seasonal events. It is only when there are a sufficient number of daylight hours that reproductive hormones will be produced in many bird species.

The most energy-demanding period in the life of most animals is when they reproduce. For that reason, it is to their advantage to coincide breeding (and for many, the raising of young) during a period when food is most abundant. Caterpillars should hatch just as the young tender leaves of oak tree emerge, before they harden and become less nutritious. Breeding songbirds need to time the hatching of their young just during that peak in caterpillar activity, so they can take advantage of this rich source of protein to feed their offspring. Many species have evolved to exploit peaks in resource availability, so all these seemingly independent phonological events are indeed part of a complex web of precise interactions. Disturbances in seasonal events can have profound effects on ecosystems.

In presenting the ideas, the author starts by ...

A. showing evidence of why scientists are conserned with phenology
B. describing the natural characteristic and definition of phenology
C. stating the needs for triggering phenologilcal events
D. arguing how climate change is affecting phenology
E. referring to global climate change

R. Rani · Accepted Answer

Hai Septiangga, kakak bantu jawab ya.

Jawaban yang benar adalah ''B. describing the natural characteristic and definition of phenology''.

Soal menanyakan bagaimana penulis memulai penyajian idenya.

Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, perlu diperhatikan paragraf pertama yang menjelaskan perubahan musim dan cuaca, serta kondisi alam pada saat itu sebagaimana yang tertera pada kalimat ''As spring arrives, albeit quite late this year for many of us, we notice the changing of seasons not only by the weather, but also by a host of natural events. Depending on where you live, the flowers may poke through the snow, the birds may be back, or the cherry trees may bloom. There is an orderly sequence of events that seem to occur, with various spring flowers appearing in order, red maple buds bursting into new layers, or the old lilac by the barn scenting the air.''

Arti dari kalimat tersebut adalah "Saat musim semi tiba, meskipun cukup terlambat tahun ini bagi banyak dari kita, kita melihat perubahan musim tidak hanya oleh cuaca, tetapi juga oleh sejumlah peristiwa alam. Tergantung di mana kamu tinggal, bunga-bunga dapat menembus salju, burung-burung mungkin kembali, atau pohon sakura mungkin mekar. Ada urutan peristiwa yang tampaknya terjadi, dengan berbagai bunga musim semi muncul secara berurutan, kuncup maple merah yang mekar ke lapisan baru, atau lilac tua di gudang yang mengharumkan udara."

Selain itu, penulis juga memberikan definisi dari fenomena siklus musim alam yang disebut fenologi yaitu tertera pada kalimat ''This seasonal cycle of natural phenomena is called phenology. Global climate change appears to be interfering with the phenology of many species, at the very heart of species interactions.'' (Siklus musiman fenomena alam ini disebut fenologi. Perubahan iklim global tampaknya mengganggu fenologi banyak spesies, di jantung interaksi spesies.)

Jadi, jawaban yang benar adalah ''B. describing the natural characteristic and definition of phenology''.

Hope it helps. Happy learning! :)

A. Mursyidatul · Answer

Hai Septiangga, kakak bantu jawab ya.

Jawaban yang benar adalah ''B. describing the natural characteristic and definition of phenology''.

Perintah soal tersebut adalah menjawab pertanyaan berdasarkan informasi dari teks. Makna dari kalimat soal adalah "Dalam menyajikan idenya, penulis memulai dengan ____."

Opsi jawaban:
A. menunjukkan bukti mengapa para ilmuwan peduli dengan fenologi.
B. mendeskripsikan sifat alamiah dan pengertian fenologi.
C. menyatakan kebutuhan untuk memicu peristiwa fenologi.
D. memperdebatkan bagaimana perubahan iklim mempengaruhi fenologi.
E. mengacu pada perubahan iklim global.

Untuk menjawab pertanyaan, perlu diperhatikan paragraf pertama. Pada paragraf tersebut, penulis menjelaskan perubahan musim dan cuaca, serta kondisi alam pada saat itu yaitu tertera pada kalimat ''As spring arrives, albeit quite late this year for many of us, we notice the changing of seasons not only by the weather, but also by a host of natural events. Depending on where you live, the flowers may poke through the snow, the birds may be back, or the cherry trees may bloom. There is an orderly sequence of events that seem to occur, with various spring flowers appearing in order, red maple buds bursting into new layers, or the old lilac by the barn scenting the air.'' (Saat musim semi tiba, meskipun cukup terlambat tahun ini bagi banyak dari kita, kita melihat perubahan musim tidak hanya oleh cuaca, tetapi juga oleh sejumlah peristiwa alam. Tergantung di mana kamu tinggal, bunga-bunga dapat menembus salju, burung-burung mungkin kembali, atau pohon sakura mungkin mekar. Ada urutan peristiwa yang tampaknya terjadi, dengan berbagai bunga musim semi muncul secara berurutan, kuncup maple merah yang mekar ke lapisan baru, atau lilac tua di gudang yang mengharumkan udara.)

Selain itu, penulis juga memberikan definisi dari fenomena siklus musim alam yang disebut fenologi yaitu tertera pada kalimat ''This seasonal cycle of natural phenomena is called phenology. Global climate change appears to be interfering with the phenology of many species, at the very heart of species interactions.'' (Siklus musiman fenomena alam ini disebut fenologi. Perubahan iklim global tampaknya mengganggu fenologi banyak spesies, di jantung interaksi spesies.)

Jadi, jawaban yang benar adalah ''B. describing the natural characteristic and definition of phenology''.

Semoga membantu ya.

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