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A wildfire is an uncontrolled fire in an area where there is combustible vegetation. Wildfire usually occur in rural areas and forests (away from cities). These fires are also referred to as a wildland fire or rural fire. The most common causes of forest fires are natural and human causes. The human activities such as agriculture machinery parks, cigarette butts, factory farming, farming and land-conversion burning (agricultural to commercial), and burning trash are the common causes of forest fires. The natural causes are due to volcanic eruption, lightning, dry climates, extremely hot weather, and wind. The effects of forest fires are devastating. Wildfire increase temperature of soil to more than 900°c which can strip almost all the organic value of the soil, stealing its ability to grow any plants again. This will also negatively affect percolation and infiltration, making the soil surfaces repellent (impervious) to water. Wildfire can immediately damage infrastructure, wildlife, and vegetation. These can lead to huge economic setbacks. Inhalation of wildfire smoke leads to various toxic health effects on humans. This is because of the toxic hair pollutants released by wildfire. Forest fires also cause loss of habitat and destruction for millions of animals! most of those will become endangered. adopted from: https://web.archive.org/web/20210124034336/ https://www.environmentbuddy.com/plants-and-trees/forest-fires- causes-effects-solutions/ (september 20, 2021) 8. what is the text about? a. The loss of animals' habitat b. The common causes effects of forest fires c. The devastating effects of forest fires d. The causes and effects of forest fires e. The explanation on how wildfire occurs

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