Pertanyaan

2004 Indonesian Presidential Election The first direct presidential election in Indonesia was held in two rounds on july 5 and September 20, 2004. Prior to a 2002 amendment to the Constitution of Indonesia, the President and Vice President were elected by the country's top legislative body, the People's Consultative Assembly. In the 1999 legislative election, the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) won the largest number of seats in the People's Representative Council (DPR) and became the largest faction in the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), the legislative body responsible for electing the President. The PDI-P was led by Megawati Sukarnoputri, daughter of Sukarno, Indonesia's first president. Megawatis supporters had expected her to be elected President by the MPR, but she failed to reach out to parties other than the National Awakening Party (PKB). Her only opponent at the time was President B.]. Habibie, who came into office in May 1998, but he withdrew his candidacy after his accountability speech was rejected by the MPR. The PKB, which was led by Abdurrahman Wahid, the leader of Indonesia's largest Islamic organization Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), had also pledged to support Megawati for President. However, it became clear that Megawati did not have enough votes to back her candidacy. Additionally, National Mandate Party (PAN) leader Amien Rais and his Central Axis (Indonesian: Poros Tengah), a coalition of Islamic and reform parties, began pushing for Abdurrahman's candidacy. Abdurrahman eventually won the MPR's presidential election, and Megawati was elected as Vice President. [2] As President, he repealed many of the laws enacted during the Suharto era that discriminated against Chinese Indonesians. Among these were bans on the use of Chinese characters and display of images relating to Chinese culture. Following this act, many political parties began to reach out to Chinese Indonesians for their votes by displaying Chinese characters on campaign material. [3] Following Abdurrahmans impeachment and removal from office by the MPR in j uly 2001, the legislative body elevated Megawati to the presidency. She would complete the remainder of Abdurrahman's five-year term, ending in October 2004. [2] During its 2002 annual session, the MPR added a series of amendments to the Constitution of Indonesia,[4] including the removal of the military's 38 appointed seats in the Assembly, and an amendment for direct election of the President and Vice President. This presidential election process would involve political parties nominating a presidential and vice presidential ticket with the option of runoff election. Under the new amendment, a candidate pair is elected into office after receiving more than 50 percent of the vote nationally with at least 20 percent of the vote in more than half of the provinces of Indonesia. If no pair receives the number of votes required, the election will continue into the second round with the pairs receiving the highest and second highest number of votes. Further regulations set by the General Election Commission state that each pair must be nominated by a political party or coalition of parties which received at least five percent of the popular vote or three percent of the seats to the People's Representative Council in the April legislative election. The following is campaign schedule for the presidential election: •1 June 2004: All candidates sign the commitment of readiness to accept victory or defeat and to conduct a fair campaign. Campaign period begins. 1381 • 1 July 2004: Campaign period ends • 5 July 2004: First round of voting • 20 September 2004: Second round of voting • 4 October 2004: Official second round results announced • 20 October 2004: Inauguration of the President-elect and Vice President-elect Former security minister Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono won the first round with 33% of the vote. Incumbent President Megawati Sukarnoputri was second with 26%, ahead of former armed forces chief Wiranto on 22%. Yudhoyono did not do as well as earlier opinion polls had suggested, while Megawati did better. This was attributed by Indonesian observers to Yudhoyono's lack of a nationwide party machine, such as Megawati's PDI-P and Wiranto's Golkar. The counting of 113 million votes, already a huge task in such a large and diverse country, was made more difficult by problems with the ballot papers. Voters cast their ballots by making a hole in the ballot paper with a nail, above the photo of their preferred candidate. Because the ballot paper was handed to voters folded in half, many made the hole without unfolding the ballot, thus making two holes and invalidating their vote. Hundreds of thousands of these votes were invalidated before the General Election Committee (KPU) ruled that such ballots should be accepted. This necessitated recounts in many places, slowing the count and raising fears of a disputed result. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and jusuf Kalla were sworn in as President and Vice President on 20 October. It was the first Indonesian presidential inauguration to be attended by foreign leaders. How were the events in the text arranged?

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